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ATLargeAreaSurvey(ATLAS)ELAIS-S1&CDF-S2.3-GHzSourceCatalog
The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) aims to image a 7 deg<sup>2</sup> region centered on the European Large Area ISO Survey - South 1 (ELAIS-S1) field and the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) at 1.4 GHz with high sensitivity (up to sigma ~ 10 uJy) to study the evolution of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) over a wide range of cosmic time. The main goal of the present work is to study the radio spectra of an unprecedentedly large sample of sources (~ 2000 observed, ~ 600 detected in both frequencies). This table contains the results from ancillary radio observations at a frequency of 2.3 GHz which were obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). It comprises the catalog of sources with measured 1.4 GHz to 2.3 GHz spectral indices (Table 2 in the reference paper), compiled in the framework of ATLAS. It comprises only such sources which have unambiguous detections at both 1.4 GHz and 2.3 GHz, so no upper or lower limits on the spectral index based on non-detections are included. The 2.3-GHz detection limit is 300 uJy (equivalent to 4.5 sigma in the ELAIS-S1 field and 4.0 sigma in the CDF-S). The authors compute spectral indices between 1.4 GHz and 2.3 GHz using matched-resolution images and investigate various properties of their source sample in their dependence on their spectral indices. The authors find the entire source sample to have a median spectral index of -0.74, in good agreement with both the canonical value of -0.7 for optically thin synchrotron radiation and other spectral index studies conducted by various groups. Regarding the radio spectral index Alpha as indicator for source type, they find only marginal correlations so that flat or inverted spectrum sources are usually powered by AGN and hence conclude that, at least for the faint population, the spectral index is not a strong discriminator. They investigate the z-Alpha relation for their source sample and find no such correlation between spectral index and redshift at all. The authors do find a significant correlation between redshift and radio to near-infrared flux ratio, making this a much stronger tracer of high-z radio sources. They also find no evidence for a dependence of the radio-IR correlation on spectral index. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2012 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/544/A38">CDS Catalog J/A+A/544/A38</a> file spix_pub.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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ATLargeAreaSurvey(ATLAS)SpectroscopicClasses&RedshiftsCatalog
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The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) has surveyed 7 square degrees of sky around the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) and the European Large Area ISO Survey-South 1 (ELAIS-S1) fields at 1.4 GHz. ATLAS aims to reach a uniform sensitivity of 10 µJy (µJy) beam-1 rms over the entire region with first data release currently reaching ~ 30 uJy beam-1 rms. Here the authors present 466 new spectroscopic redshifts for radio sources in ATLAS as part of their optical follow-up program. Of the 466 radio sources with new spectroscopic redshifts, 142 have star-forming optical spectra, 282 show evidence for active galactic nuclei (AGN) in their optical spectra, 10 have stellar spectra and 32 have spectra revealing redshifts, but with insufficient features to classify. The authors compare their spectroscopic classifications with two mid-infrared diagnostics and find them to be in broad agreement. ATLAS is a pathfinder for the forthcoming Evolution Map of the Universe (EMU) survey and the data presented in this paper will be used to guide EMU's survey design and early science papers. This paper uses H0 = 70 km s-1 Mpc-1, OmegaM = 0.3 and OmegaLambda = 0.7, and the web-based calculator of Wright (2006, PASP, 118, 1711) to estimate the distance-dependent physical parameters. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2013 based on an electronic version of Table 2 from the reference paper which was obtained from the MNRAS web site. Some of the values for the name parameter in the HEASARC's implementation of this table were corrected in April 2018. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
ATLargeAreaSurvey(ATLAS)CDF-S&ELAIS-S11.4-GHzDR2ComponentsCatalog
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This table derives from the first of two papers describing the second data release (DR2) of the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) at 1.4 GHz. This survey comprises deep wide-field observations in total intensity, linear polarization, and circular polarization over the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) and European Large Area Infrared Space Observatory Survey (ELAIS)-South 1 regions. DR2 improves upon the first data release by maintaining consistent data reductions across the two regions, including polarization analysis, and including differential number counts in total intensity and linear polarization. Typical DR2 sensitivities across the mosaicked multi-pointing images are 30 µJy per beam at approximately 12 arcseconds by 6 arcseconds resolution over a combined area of 6.4 square degrees. In their paper, the authors present detailed descriptions of their data reduction and analysis procedures, including corrections for instrumental effects such as positional variations in image sensitivity, bandwidth smearing with a non-circular beam, and polarization leakage, and application of the BLOBCAT source extractor. They present the DR2 images and catalogs of components (discrete regions of radio emission) and sources (groups of physically associated radio components), and describe new analytic methods to account for resolution bias and Eddington bias when constructing differential number counts of radio components. The authors use the term 'component' to refer to an isolated region of emission that is best described by a single 2D elliptical Gaussian. Blended regions of contiguous emission may consist of multiple individual components. Following the terminology from Hales et al. (2012, MNRAS, 425, 979), a 'blob' is an agglomerated island of pixels above an SNR cutoff, which may encapsulate a single component or a blended region of emission. In Section 6 of the reference paper, the authors use the term 'source' to refer to single or multiple components belonging to the same astronomical object. This HEASARC table contains the ATLAS 1.4 GHz DR2 component catalog, a portion of which is displayed in Table A1 of the reference paper for guidance regarding its form and content. The catalog lists a total of 2,588 components in total intensity and linear polarization; no components were discovered in circular polarization. A list of the ATLAS 1.4 GHz DR2 sources, a portion of which is displayed in Table B1 of the reference paper for guidance regarding its form and content, is not included in this HEASARC table. This table was created by the HEASARC in October 2014 based on an electronic version of Table A1 from the reference paper which was obtained from the MNRAS web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Australia Telescope Chandra Deep Field-South and SDSS Stripe 82 20-GHz Sources
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This table contains a source catalog, one of the first results from a deep, blind radio survey carried out at 20 GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, with follow-up observations at 5.5, 9 and 18 GHz. The Australia Telescope 20GHz (AT20G) deep pilot survey covers a total area of 5 deg2 in the Chandra Deep Field South and in Stripe 82 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The authors estimate the survey to be 90% complete above 2.5 mJy. Of the 85 sources detected, 55% have steep spectra (spectral index alpha1.420 < -0.5) and 45% have flat or inverted spectra (alpha1.420 >= -0.5). The steep-spectrum sources tend to have single power-law spectra between 1.4 and 18 GHz, while the spectral indices of the flat- or inverted-spectrum sources tend to steepen with frequency. Among the 18 inverted-spectrum (alpha1.420 >= 0.0) sources, 10 have clearly defined peaks in their spectra with alpha1.45.5 > 0.15 and alpha918 < -0.15. On a 3-yr time-scale, at least 10 sources varied by more than 15 percent at 20 GHz, showing that variability is still common at the low flux densities probed by the AT20G-Deep Pilot (AT20GDP) survey. The AT20G-Deep Pilot survey was carried out with he ATCA in 2009 July, shortly after the telescope was provided with a new wide-bandwidth correlator, the CABB. As a result of this upgrade to the telescope, the observing bandwidth was increased by a factor of 16, from 2x128 to 2x2048 MHz, in all bands (ranging from 1.1 to 105 GHz), greatly increasing the sensitivity of continuum observations. These observations were made in continuum mode using two 2048-MHz CABB bands centered at 19 and 21 GHz, with each 2048-MHz band divided into 2048 1-MHz channels. All four Stokes parameters were measured. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2015 based on the union of CDS Catalog J/MNRAS/439/1212 files table2.dat (the 50 sources in the 3-hr field) and table3.dat (the 35 sources in the 21-hr field). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Australia Telescope 20-GHz (AT20G) High-Angular Resolution Catalog
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This table contains the high-angular-resolution catalog for the Australia Telescope 20-GHz (AT20G) survey, using the high-angular-resolution 6-km antenna data at the baselines of ~4500 m of the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The authors have used the data to produce the visibility catalog that separates the compact active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the extended radio sources at the 0.15-arcsecond angular scale, corresponding to the linear size scale of 1 kpc at redshifts higher than 0.7. They find the radio population at 20 GHz to be dominated by compact AGNs constituting 77% of the total sources in the AT20G. In the paper, they introduce the visibility-spectra diagnostic plot, produced using the AT20G cross-matches with lower frequency radio surveys at 1 GHz [the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS: Condon et al. 1998, AJ, 115, 1693) and the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS: Mauch et al. 2003, MNRAS, 342, 1117)], that separates the 20-GHz population into distinct sub-populations of the compact AGNs, the compact steep-spectrum (CSS) sources, the extended AGN-powered sources and extended flat-spectrum sources. The extended flat-spectrum sources include a local thermal emitting population of high-latitude planetary nebulae and also gravitational lens and binary black hole candidates among the AGNs. The authors find a smooth transition in properties between the CSS sources and the AGN populations. The visibility catalog, together with the main AT20G survey, provides an estimate of angular size scales for sources in the AT20G and an estimate of the flux arising from central cores of extended radio sources. The identification of the compact AGNs in the AT20G survey provides high-quality calibrators for high-frequency radio telescope arrays and very large baseline interferometry observations. This table was created by the HEASARC in December 2013 based on machine-readable versions of Tables 2 and 3 from the reference paper which were obtained from the MNRAS web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
AT Large Area Survey (ATLAS) CDF-S/SWIRE 1.4-GHz Components Catalog
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This table contains some of the first results from the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS), which consists of deep 1.4-GHz radio observations of a 3.7 deg2 field surrounding the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), largely coincident with the infrared Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic (SWIRE) Survey. A total of 784 radio components are identified, corresponding to 726 distinct radio sources, nearly all of which are identified with SWIRE sources in the companion table ATLASCSID. Of the radio sources with measured redshifts, most lie in the redshift range 0.5 to 2 and include both star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei. The authors identify a rare population of infrared-faint radio sources that are bright at radio wavelengths but are not seen in the available optical, infrared, or X-ray data. Such rare classes of sources can only be discovered in wide, deep surveys such as this. The radio observations where made on 2002 Apr 4-27, Aug 24-29 and 2004 Jan 7-12, Feb 1-5, Jun 6-12 and Nov 24-30, with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The observations in 2002 were made in a mosaic of 7 overlapping fields, for a total of 149 hours of integration time, or 21.3 hours per pointing. The observations in 2004 were taken in the AT mosaic mode, in which the array was cycled around 21 pointing centers They total 173 hours of integration time, or 8.2 hours per pointing. All observations were made with two 128-MHz bands, centered on frequencies of 1344 and 1472 MHz. This table contains the list of 784 radio components given in Table 4 of the reference paper. The authors define a radio 'component' as a region of radio emission identified in the source extraction process. They define a radio 'source' as one or more radio components that appear to be physically connected and that probably correspond to one galaxy. Thus, the authors count a classical triple radio-loud source as being a radio source consisting of three radio components, but count a pair of interacting starburst galaxies as being two sources, each with one radio component. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2012 based on CDS Catalog J/AJ/132/2409 file table4.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Phoenix Deep Survey Optical and Near-Infrared Counterparts Catalog
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Using a deep Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) radio survey covering an area of ~3 deg2 to a 4-sigma sensitivity of >= 100 µJy (µJy) at 1.4 GHz, the authors study the nature of faint radio galaxies. The region, 2 degrees in diameter and centered on RA and Dec (J2000.0) of 1h 14m 12.16s, -45o 44' 08.0" (Galactic latitude of -71o), is known as the Phoenix Deep Field. About 50% of the detected radio sources are identified with an optical counterpart revealed by CCD photometry to mR = 22.5 magnitudes. Near-infrared (K-band) data are also available for a selected sample of the radio sources, while spectroscopic observations have been carried out for about 40% of the optically identified sample. These provide redshifts and information on the stellar content. Emission-line ratios imply that most of the emission-line sources are star-forming galaxies, with a small contribution (~ 10%) from Seyfert 1/Seyfert 2 type objects. The authors also find a significant number of absorption-line systems, likely to be ellipticals. These dominate at high flux densities ( > 1 mJy) but are also found at sub-mJy levels. Using the Balmer decrement, they find a visual extinction AV = 1.0 for the star-forming faint radio sources. This moderate reddening is consistent with the (V - R) and (R - K) colors of the optically identified sources. For emission-line galaxies, there is a correlation between the radio power and the H-alpha luminosity, in agreement with the result of Benn et al. (1993, MNRAS, 263, 98). This suggests that the radio emission of starburst radio galaxies is a good indicator of star formation activity. When calculating luminosities, the authors assume a cosmology with a Hubble constant H0 of 50 km s-1 Mpc-1 and a deceleration parameter q0 of 0.5. This table was created by the HEASARC in June 2013 based on an electronic version of Table 1 from the reference paper, which details the photometric (optical and near-infrared), radio, spectroscopic and intrinsic properties of the faint radio sources in the PDS with established redshifts, which was obtained from the CDS web site (their catalog J/MNRAS/306/708 file table1.dat). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
AT Large Area Survey (ATLAS) ELAIS-S1/SWIRE ID and Classification Catalog
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This table contains results from the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS), and consists of sensitive (1 sigma < 30 uJy) 1.4-GHz radio observations of a 3.9 deg2 field centered on the European Large Area ISO Survey S1 (ELAIS-S1) region, largely coincident with infrared observations of the Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic (SWIRE) Survey. In their paper, the authors describe the observations and calibration, source extraction, and cross-matching to infrared sources. A total of 1366 radio components are identified, corresponding to 1276 distinct radio sources, 1183 of which are matched with infrared sources in the present table. The authors have discovered 31 radio sources with no infrared counterpart at all, adding to the class of Infrared-Faint Radio Sources. The radio observations where made on 27 separate days in 2004 and 2005 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) with a total net integration time of 231 hours, as described in detail in Section 2.1 and Tables 1 and 2 of the reference paper. The observations were made in a mosaic of 20 overlapping pointings, where pointings 1-12 have net integration times of 10.5 hours per pointing and pointings 13-24 have net integration times of 13.5 hours per pointing. All observations were made with two 128-MHz bands, centered on frequencies of 1.34 and 1.43 GHz. After editing, the predicted noise level is 22 uJy in the center of the mosaic. Toward the image edges, the noise level increases due to primary beam attenuation. This table contains the list of 1276 radio sources and their cross-identifications at optical and infrared wavelengths which were given in Table 5 of the reference paper. The authors define a radio 'component' as a region of radio emission which is best defined as a Gaussian. Close radio doubles are very likely to be best represented by two Gaussians and are therefore deemed to consist of two components. Single or multiple components are called a radio source if they are deemed to belong to the same object. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2012 based on CDS Catalog J/AJ/135/1276 file table5.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
AT Large Area Survey (ATLAS) ELAIS-S1/SWIRE 1.4-GHz Components Catalog
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This table contains results from the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS), and consists of sensitive (1 sigma < 30 uJy) 1.4-GHz radio observations of a 3.9 deg2 field centered on the European Large Area ISO Survey S1 (ELAIS-S1) region, largely coincident with infrared observations of the Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic (SWIRE) Survey. In their paper, the authors describe the observations and calibration, source extraction, and cross-matching to infrared sources. A total of 1366 radio components are identified, corresponding to 1276 distinct radio sources, 1183 of which are matched with infrared sources in the companion table ATLASESID. The authors have discovered 31 radio sources with no infrared counterpart at all, adding to the class of Infrared-Faint Radio Sources. The radio observations where made on 27 separate days in 2004 and 2005 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) with a total net integration time of 231 hours. as described in detail in Section 2.1 and Tables 1 and 2 of the reference paper. The observations were made in a mosaic of 20 overlapping pointings, where pointings 1-12 have net integration times of 10.5 hours per pointing and pointings 13-24 have net integration times of 13.5 hours per pointing. All observations were made with two 128-MHz bands, centered on frequencies of 1.34 and 1.43 GHz. After editing, the predicted noise level is 22 uJy in the center of the mosaic. Toward the image edges, the noise level increases due to primary beam attenuation. This table contains the list of 1366 radio components given in Table 4 of the reference paper. The authors define a radio 'component' as a region of radio emission which is best defined as a Gaussian. Close radio doubles are very likely to be best represented by two Gaussians and are therefore deemed to consist of two components. Single or multiple components are called a radio source if they are deemed to belong to the same object. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2012 based on CDS Catalog J/AJ/135/1276 file table4.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Phoenix Deep Survey 1.4-GHz Catalog
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The initial Phoenix Deep Survey (PDS) observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) have been supplemented by additional 1.4 GHz observations over the past few years. Here we present details of the construction of a new mosaic image covering an area of 4.56 deg2 referred to as the Phoenix Deep field (PDF), an investigation of the reliability of the source measurements, and the 1.4 GHz source counts for the compiled radio catalog. The mosaic achieves a 1-sigma rms noise of 12 µJy at its most sensitive, and a homogeneous radio-selected catalog of over 2000 sources reaching flux densities as faint as 60 µJy has been compiled. The source parameter measurements are found to be consistent with the expected uncertainties from the image noise levels and the Gaussian source fitting procedure. A radio-selected sample avoids the complications of obscuration associated with optically selected samples, and by utilizing complementary PDS observations, including multicolor optical, near-infrared, and spectroscopic data, this radio catalog will be used in a detailed investigation of the evolution in star formation spanning the redshift range 0 < z < 1. The homogeneity of the catalog ensures a consistent picture of galaxy evolution can be developed over the full cosmologically significant redshift range of interest. The PDF covers a high-latitude region that is of low optical obscuration and devoid of bright radio sources. ATCA 1.4 GHz observations were made in 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, and 2001 in the 6A, 6B, and 6C array configurations, accumulating a total of 523 hr of observing time. The initial 1994 ATCA observations (Hopkins et al. 1998, MNRAS, 296, 839; Hopkins 1998, PhD thesis) consisted of 30 pointings on a hexagonal tessellation, resulting in a 2 degrees diameter field centered on R.A. = 01h 14m 12.16s, Dec = -45o 44' 8.0" (J2000.0), with roughly uniform sensitivity of about 60 µJy rms. This survey was supplemented from 1997 to 2001 by extensive observations of a further 19 pointings situated on a more finely spaced hexagonal grid, centered on R.A. = 01h 11m 13.0s, Dec = -45o 45' 00" (J2000.0). The locations of all pointing centers are given in Table 1 of the reference paper. The final mosaic constructed from all 49 pointings was trimmed to remove the highest noise regions at the edges by masking out regions with an rms noise level greater than 0.25 mJy. The trimmed PDF mosaic image covers an area of 4.56 deg2 and reaches to a measured level of 12 µJy rms noise in the most sensitive regions. The table contained here is the final merged catalog of PDS surveys based on the union of the 10% false discovery rate (FDR) threshold catalog (PDS_atca_fdr10_full_vis.cat) for the trimmed mosaic, visually edited to remove objects clearly associated with artifacts close to bright sources, containing 2058 sources, and the 10% FDR threshold catalog (PDS_atca_fdr10_deep.cat) for the 33' x 33' region centered on the most sensitive portion of the mosaic, containing 491 sources. The merged catalog was constructed to contain all unique catalogued sources; where common sources were identified, only the entry from PDS_atca_fdr10_deep.cat was retained. There are a total of 2148 sources in the final merged catalog, of which up to 10% may be false. This table was created by the HEASARC in November 2012 based on the file PDS_atca_fdr10_merge.cat, the merged PDS catalog (derived from the individual catalogs PDS_atca_fdr10_full_vis.cat and PDS_atca_fdr10_deep.cat as discussed in the Overview above), which was obtained from the first author's website https://web.archive.org/web/20171009234923/www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~ahopkins/phoenix/. Some of the values for the name parameter in the HEASARC's implementation of this table were corrected in
XMM-Newton Survey Catalog in the Herschel-ATLAS Field
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Wide area X-ray and far-infrared surveys are a fundamental tool to investigate the link between AGN growth and star formation, especially in the low-redshift universe (z < 1). The Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) has covered 550 deg2 in five far-infrared and sub-mm bands, 16 deg2 of which have been presented in the Science Demonstration Phase (SDP) catalogue. The reference paper cited below introduces the XMM-Newton observations in the H-ATLAS SDP area, covering 7.1 deg2 with flux limits of 2 x 10-15, 6 x 10-15, and 9 x 10-15 erg/s/cm2 in the 0.5-2, 0.5-8 and 2-8keV bands, respectively. The paper presents the source detection techniques and the "main" catalog, which includes 1700, 1582 and 814 sources detected by EMLDetect in the 0.5-8, 0.5-2 and 2-8keV bands, respectively; the number of unique sources is 1816. The authors extract spectra and derive fluxes from power-law fits for 398 sources with more than 40 counts in the 0.5-8 keV band. They compare the best-fit fluxes with those in the catalog, which were obtained assuming a common photon index Gamma of 1.7; the authors find no bulk difference between the fluxes, and a moderate dispersion s of 0.33 dex. Using wherever possible the fluxes from the spectral fits, the authors derive the 2-10 keV Log N-Log S distribution, which is consistent with a Euclidean distribution. Finally, they release the computer code for the tools which they developed for this project. Sources were detected with a two-stage process. With the first pass at low significance, the authors got a list of candidate detections; and on the second pass they raised the significance threshold and derived accurate source parameters. Between the two passes, and because the second pass needs an input catalog, they identified the sources detected in more than one band. In the first pass, the SAS wavelet detection program ewavelet was run separately on each of the 0.5-2, 2-8 and 0.5-8 keV images of the entire mosaic, with a significance threshold of 4 sigma and the default wavelet scales (minimum 2 pixels, maximum 8 pixels, with a pixel size of 4). All parameters in this catalog which were derived from ewavelet have been given a prefix of 'wav' in this HEASARC representation so as to distinguish them from the parameters derived using EMLDetect. In the second pass, the authors used the SAS EMLDetect program to validate the detections, refine the coordinates and obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of the source counts, count rates and fluxes. The EMLDetect minimum likelihood was set at L = 4.6, as in Ranalli et al. (2013, A&A, 555, A42), which corresponds to a false-detection probability of 1.01 x 10-2. Together with the 4-sigma threshold for ewavelet, for the final catalog this yields a joint significance between 4 sigma and 5 sigma, but which cannot be further constrained without simulations. This table contains the X-ray sources which were detected in the 7.1 deg2 XMM-Newton observations of the H-ATLAS field. The 1816 sources which were detected by both programs were presented in the main table in the reference paper (and are included in this HEASARC table where they are indicated by a value of the source_sample parameter of 'main'), while the 234 sources which were only detected by ewavelet were presented in the supplementary table in the reference paper (and are included in this HEASARC table where they are indicated by a value of the source_sample parameter of 'supp'). The same parameters were present in both the main and supplementary tables in the reference paper, but those parameters which came from EMLDetect are empty for the sources in the supplementary table. The parameters obtained using ewavelet (those parameters with the 'wav' prefix in their names) containing the source properties (counts, count rates, fluxes, exposure times, background, wavelet detection scale and source