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Chandra Source Catalog, v2.1.1
The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) is the definitive catalog of X-ray sources detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. By combining Chandra's sub-arcsecond on-axis spatial resolution and low instrumental background with consistent data processing, the CSC delivers a wide variety of uniformly calibrated properties and science ready data products for detected sources over four decades of flux. The Chandra Source Catalog version 2.1 (CSC 2.1) was released on April 2nd 2024; the current minor release is version 2.1.1, updated on 2024 October 18. (Refer to the <a href="https://cxc.cfa.harvard.edu/csc/versions.html">version history</a> for details.) This release of the catalog includes measured properties for 407,806 unique compact and extended X-ray sources in the sky, allowing statistical analysis of large samples, as well as individual source studies in the "Master Sources" table, provided herein. The extracted properties are provided for 1,304,376 individual observation detections, identified in Chandra ACIS and HRC-I imaging observations released publicly through the end of 2021, at the <a href="https://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/about.html">Chandra X-ray Center</a>. CSC 2.1.1 includes -- as an "alpha" release -- photometric properties for 1,717 highly extended (> ~30") sources, together with surface brightness polygons for several contour levels. The sensitivity limit for compact sources in CSC 2.1.1 is ~5 net counts, achieved by using a two-stage approach that involves co-adding multiple observations of the same field prior to source detection, and then using an optimized source detection method. For each X-ray detection and source, the catalog provides a detailed set of more than 100 tabulated positional, spatial, photometric, spectral, and temporal properties (each with associated lower and upper confidence intervals and measured in multiple energy bands). The catalog Bayesian aperture photometry code produces robust photometric probability density functions (PDFs), even in crowded fields and for low count detections. Releases beyond 2 use Bayesian Blocks analysis to identify multiple observations of the same source that have similar photometric properties, and these are analyzed simultaneously to improve S/N. The energy bands used to derive many of the CSC properties are defined in Table 4 of the reference paper: ultrasoft (u: 0.2-0.5 keV), soft (s: 0.5-1.2 keV), medium (m: 1.2-2.0 keV), hard (h: 2.0-7.0) and broad (b: 0.5-7.0 keV) for the ACIS energy bands, and wide (w: 0.1-10.0 keV) for the HRC energy band. The energy bands are chosen to optimize the detectability of X-ray sources while simultaneously maximizing the discrimination between different spectral shapes on X-ray color-color diagrams. Numerous source-specific catalog properties are evaluated within defined apertures. The authors define the "PSF 90% ECF aperture" for each source to be the ellipse that encloses 90% of the total counts in a model PSF centered on the source position. Because the size of the PSF is energy-dependent, the dimensions of the PSF 90% ECF aperture vary with energy band. They define the "source region aperture" for each source to be equal to the corresponding 3-sigma source region ellipse included in the merged source list, scaled by a factor of 1.5. Like the PSF 90% ECF aperture, the source region aperture is also centered on the source position, but the dimensions of the aperture are independent of energy band. This database table was last updated by the HEASARC in March 2025 and is based on a download of the online version of the Chandra Source Catalog, v2.1.1, at the CXC using the CLI. Refer to <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/</a> for details. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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NGC 2264 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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The NGC 2264 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog contains the results of a Chandra observation of a field in the NGC 2264 star-forming region. The observation was made with Chandra's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer imaging array (ACIS-I) on 2002 February 9, and has an exposure time of 48.1 ks. The catalog contains 263 sources, and includes X-ray luminosity, optical and infrared photometry, and X-ray variability information. The authors found 41 variable sources, 14 of which have a flare-like light curve, and two of which have a pattern of a steady increase or decrease over a 10-hr period. The optical and infrared photometry for the stars identified as X-ray sources are consistent with most of these objects being pre-main sequence stars with ages younger than 3 Myr. The authors found that 213 (81%) of the 263 X-ray sources have optical and/or infrared counterparts, most, but probably not all, of which are likely to be member stars of NGC 2264. There are 51 X-ray sources that lack optical or infrared counterparts: the authors believe that these are most likely extragalactic objects (active galaxies). This table was created by the HEASARC in February 2007 based on CDS table J/AJ/127/2659, files table1.dat, table4.dat and table5.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra XAssist Source List
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This database table contains the latest Chandra XAssist source list. XAssist is a NASA-funded project for the automation of X-ray astrophysics, with emphasis on galaxies. It is capable of data reprocessing, source detection, and preliminary spatial, temporal, and spectral analysis for all sources with sufficient counts. The bulk of the system is written in Python, which in turn drives underlying software, e.g., CIAO for Chandra data. Pipelines running on Chandra observations of galaxies have generated the source list which comprises this HEASARC table. The pipeline also includes fields requested by users for various projects, most notably observations of a sample of quasars and several deep field observations have been processed. Note that the pipline processing is completely automated; therefore, users should visually inspect the results of any queries. This table was first created by the HEASARC in May 2005 based on the Chandra source list available at the XAssist website. In September 2010, the HEASARC switched over to using the "pipeline4" Chandra source list. It is updated on a weekly basis when and if the XAssist source list file at https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/xassist/pipeline4/chandra/master_srclist.csv is updated. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 2516 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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The NGC 2516 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog is the result of a comprehensive study of the Chandra X-ray observations of the young open star cluster NGC 2516. The authors have analyzed eight individual Chandra observations, comprising 5 ACIS and 3 HRC-I observations. They have combined these datasets to achieve the greatest sensitivity, reaching down to a threshold level of log fX = -14.56 (erg/s/cm2), or log LX = 28.69 (erg/s) at the 387 pc distance of NGC 2516. Out of 284 X-ray sources detected, 155 are identified with photometric cluster members, with very little ambiguity, another 60 with non-members. There are 4 X-ray sources with two possible optical identifications (one cluster member and one nonmember for each), with no obvious choice between the two candidates. These 4 X-ray sources are listed in this Browse table twice, one for each optical counterpart, hence there are (284 + 4 =) 288 entries. There remain 73 X-ray sources without an optical identification with the authors' optical catalog stars. This Browse table was created by the HEASARC in December 2006, based on CDS table J/ApJ/588/1009, files table4.dat and table5.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP) Point Source Catalog
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This table represents the `Main Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP) X-Ray Point Source Catalog' and contains the basic parameters, photometry, and fluxes of 6512 ChaMP sources in 130 Chandra observations from Chandra Cycles 1 and 2. This table lists fluxes for 2 assumed spectral energy distributions with the photon indices of Gamma=1.4 and Gamma=1.7. This catalog was distributed by the ChaMP team based on the "Chandra Multiwavelength Project: X-ray Point Source Catalog (Kim et al., 2007, ApJS, 169, 401)", and was downloaded from http://hea-www.harvard.edu/CHAMP/. If you have any comments/questions on this catalog, please contact mkim @ cfa.harvard.edu or dkim @ cfa.harvard.edu. The full Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP) X-ray point source catalog lists ~ 6800 X-ray sources detected in 149 Chandra observations covering ~ 10 square degrees. The full ChaMP catalog sample is 7 times larger than the initial published ChaMP catalog (Kim et al. 2004, ApJS, 150, 19). The exposure times of the fields in this sample range from 0.9 to 124 ks, corresponding to a deepest X-ray flux limit in the 0.5 - 8.0 keV band of 9 x 10-16 ergs cm-2 s-1. The ChaMP X-ray data were uniformly reduced and analyzed with ChaMP-specific pipelines and then carefully validated by visual inspection. The ChaMP catalog includes X-ray photometric data in eight different energy bands as well as X-ray spectral hardness ratios and colors, source reliability, detection probability, and positional uncertainties. The false source detection rate is ~1% of all detected ChaMP sources, while the detection probability is better than ~ 95% for sources with counts >~ 30 and off-axis angle <5'. The typical positional offset between ChaMP X-ray source and their SDSS optical counterparts is 0.7" +/- 0.4", derived from ~ 900 matched sources. This HEASARC table contains the main ChaMP catalog of 6512 X-ray point sources in 130 ChaMP fields observed once and in the overlapping fields which had the longest exposures. It does not contain the supplementary ChaMP catalog of 853 sources in 19 ChaMP overlapping fields with shorter exposure times. This table was created by the HEASARC in October 2006 based on the table http://hea-www.cfa.harvard.edu/CHAMP/IMAGES_DATA/champ_xpc.tab on the ChaMP website. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Cygnus OB2 Association Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog 2
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This table contains a catalog of 1696 X-ray sources detected in the massive star-forming region (SFR) Cygnus OB2 and extracted from two archival Chandra observations of the center of the region. A deep source extraction routine, exploiting the low background rates of Chandra observations was employed to maximize the number of sources extracted. Observations at other wavelengths were used to identify low count-rate sources and remove likely spurious sources. Monte Carlo simulations were also used to assess the authenticity of these sources. X-ray spectra were fitted with thermal plasma models to characterize the objects and X-ray light curves were analyzed to determine their variability. The authors used a Bayesian technique to identify optical or near-IR counterparts for 1501 (89%) of our sources, using deep observations from the INT Photometric H-alpha Survey, the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey-Galactic Plane Survey. 755 (45%) of these objects have six-band r', H-alpha, i', J, H, and K optical and near-IR photometry. From an analysis of the Poisson false-source probabilities for each source they estimate that their X-ray catalog includes <1% of false sources, and an even lower fraction when only sources with optical or near-IR associations are considered. A Monte Carlo simulation of the Bayesian matching scheme allows this method to be compared to more simplified matching techniques and enables the various sources of error to be quantified. The catalog of 1696 objects presented here includes X-ray broad-band fluxes, spectral model fits, and optical and near-IR photometry in what is one of the largest X-ray catalogs of a single SFR to date. The high number of stellar X-ray sources detected from relatively shallow observations confirms the status and importance of Cygnus OB2 as one of our Galaxy's most massive SFRs. This table was created by the HEASARC in October 2009 based on electronic versions of Tables 2, 3 and 4 from the reference paper which were obtained from the CDS (their catalog J/ApJS/184/84 files table2.dat, table3.dat and table4.dat). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 4649 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog 2
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This table contains the main X-ray source catalog for the Chandra monitoring observations of the 16.5-Mpc distant elliptical galaxy, NGC 4649. The galaxy has been observed with Chandra ACIS-S3 in six separate pointings, reaching a total exposure of 299 ks. There are 501 X-ray sources detected in the 0.3-8.0 keV band in the merged observation or in one of the six individual observations; 399 sources are located within the D25 ellipse. The observed 0.3-8.0 keV luminosities of these 501 sources range from 9.3 x 1036 erg s-1 to 5.4 x 1039 erg s-1. The 90% detection completeness limit within the D25 ellipse is 5.5 x 1037 erg s-1. Based on the surface density of background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the detection completeness, we expect ~ 45 background AGNs among the catalog sources (~ 15 within the D25 ellipse). There are nine sources with luminosities greater than 1039 erg s-1, which are candidates for ultraluminous X-ray sources. The nuclear source of NGC 4649 is a low-luminosity AGN, with an intrinsic 2.0-8.0 keV X-ray luminosity of 1.5 x 1038 erg s-1. The X-ray colors suggest that the majority of the catalog sources are low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). The authors find that 164 of the 501 X-ray sources show long-term variability, indicating that they are accreting compact objects, and discover four transient candidates and another four potential transients. They also identify 173 X-ray sources (141 within the D25 ellipse) that are associated with globular clusters (GCs) based on Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based data; these LMXBs tend to be hosted by red GCs. Although NGC 4649 has a much larger population of X-ray sources than the structurally similar early-type galaxies, NGC 3379 and NGC 4278, the X-ray source properties are comparable in all three systems. This HEASARC table contains the main Chandra source catalog of the basic properties of the 501 X-ray detected sources (Table 3 in the reference paper which includes both sources detected in the merged X-ray image as well as a number only detected in the individual observations), and also the information on source counts, hardness ratios and soft and hard X-ray colors in the merged observation for the same 501 X-ray detected sources (Table 4 in the reference paper). It does not contain the information on source counts, hardness ratios and soft and hard X-ray colors for these same sources in the six individual observations that were contained in Tables 5 - 10 of the reference paper. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2013 based on the electronic version of Tables 3 and 4 from the reference paper which were obtained from the ApJS website.. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra ACIS GSG Point-Like X-Ray Source Catalog
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The Chandra archival data are a valuable resource for various studies on different X-ray astronomy topics. In this paper, the authors utilize this wealth of information and present a uniformly processed data set, which can be used to address a wide range of scientific questions. The data analysis procedures are applied to 10,029 Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer observations, which produces 363,530 source detections belonging to 217,828 distinct X-ray sources. This number is twice the size of the Chandra Source Catalog (Version 1.1). The catalogs in this paper provide abundant estimates of the detected X-ray source properties, including source positions, counts, colors, fluxes, luminosities, variability statistics, etc. Cross-correlation of these objects with galaxies shows that 17,828 sources are located within the D25 isophotes of 1,110 galaxies, and 7,504 sources are located between the D25 and 2*D25 isophotes of 910 galaxies. Contamination analysis with the log N-log S relation indicates that 51.3% of objects within 2*D25 isophotes are truly relevant to galaxies, and the "net" source fraction increases to 58.9%, 67.3%, and 69.1% for sources with luminosities above 1037, 1038, and 1039 erg/s, respectively. Among the possible scientific uses of this catalog mentioned in this paper, the authors discuss the possibility of studying intra-observation variability, inter-observation variability, and supersoft sources (SSSs). About 17,092 detected sources above 10 counts are classified as variable in individual observation with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) criterion (PK-S < 0.01). There are 99,647 sources observed more than once and 11,843 sources observed 10 times or more, offering a wealth of data with which to explore their long-term variability. There are 1,638 individual objects (~2,350 detections) classified as SSSs. As a quite interesting subclass, detailed studies on X-ray spectra and optical spectroscopic follow-up are needed to categorize these SSSs and pinpoint their properties. In addition, this survey can enable a wide range of statistical studies, such as X-ray activity in different types of stars, X-ray luminosity functions in different types of galaxies, and multi-wavelength identification and classification of different X-ray populations. The ACIS observations were downloaded from the Chandra Data Archive on 2014 December 4, yielding 10,047 ACIS observations. Eighteen observations with PI as "Calibration" or Exposure as zero were excluded. Finally, there are 10,029 ACIS observations containing 4,146 ACIS-I observations and 5,883 ACIS-S observations in our sample. The exposure times for the selected observations cover a range from 50 s to 190 ks, with a total of 221,851 ks. This HEASARC table comprises the list of 218,789 X-ray point sources detected in the Chandra ACIS Survey and listed in the machine-readable version of Table 5 from the reference paper. This number is somewhat larger than the number of independent sources (217,828) stated in the abstract and Section 5 of the reference paper because if a source lies within 2*R25 of more than one galaxy it is listed multiple times, once for each galaxy with which it may be associated. All parameters are the same for such duplicate cases except for the entry_number, alt_name, adopted_distance, luminosity, src_nucleus_offset, norm_src_nucleus_offset and (in some cases) source_type. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2017 primarily based on CDS Catalog J/ApJS/224/40/ file table5.dat, the catalog of X-ray point sources in the Chandra ACIS Survey. The positional information for these sources was taken from CDS Catalog J/ApJS/224/40/ file table3.dat, the list of separation detections for these X-ray sources, using the first
Galactic Center Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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This table contains a catalog of 9017 X-ray sources identified in Chandra observations of a 2 degrees by 0.8 degrees field around the Galactic center. This enlarges the number of known X-ray sources in the region by a factor of 2.5. The catalog incorporates all of the ACIS-I observations as of 2007 August, which total 2.25 Ms of exposure. At the distance to the Galactic center (8 kpc), we are sensitive to sources with luminosities of 4 x 1032 erg s-1 (0.5-8.0 keV; 90% confidence) over an area of 1 degree2, and up to an order of magnitude more sensitive in the deepest exposure (1.0 Ms) around Sgr A*. The positions of 60% of the sources are accurate to <1 arcsecond (95% confidence), and 20% have positions accurate to <0.5 arcsec. The authors search for variable sources, and find that 3% exhibit flux variations within an observation, and 10% exhibit variations from observation-to-observation. They also find one source, CXOUGC J174622.7-285218, with a periodic 1745 s signal (1.4% chance probability), which is probably a magnetically accreting cataclysmic variable. The authors compare the spatial distribution of X-ray sources to a model for the stellar distribution, and find 2.8 sigma evidence for excesses in the numbers of X-ray sources in the region of recent star formation encompassed by the Arches, Quintuplet, and Galactic center star clusters. These excess sources are also seen in the luminosity distribution of the X-ray sources, which is flatter near the Arches and Quintuplet than elsewhere in the field. These excess point sources, along with a similar longitudinal asymmetry in the distribution of diffuse iron emission that has been reported by other authors, probably have their origin in the young stars that are prominent at a galactic lonitude ~ 0.1 degrees. This tables was designed to be inclusive, so sources of questionable quality are included, according to the authors. For instance, 134 sources have net numbers of counts in the 0.5-8.0 keV band that are consistent with 0 at the 90% confidence level. These sources are only detected in a single band and are presumably either very hard or very soft, detected in single observations because they were transients, or detected in stacked observations with wvdecomp at marginal significance. The authors have chosen to include them because they passed the test based on Poisson statistics from Weisskopf et al. (2007, ApJ, 657, 1026). The observations which were used to generate the source list herein tabulated are listed in Table 1 of the reference paper. This HEASARC table GALCENCXO supercedes and replaces the previous HEASARC tables CHANGALCEN and CHANC150PC, which were based on Muno et al. (2003, ApJ, 589, 225) and Muno et al. (2006, ApJS, 165, 173), respectively. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2009 based on the machine-readable versions of Table 2, 3 and 4 from the paper which were obtained from the electronic ApJ website. The information on short-term variability given in Table 5 of the reference paper was not included in this HEASARC table, notice. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra COSMOS (C-COSMOS) Survey X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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The Chandra COSMOS Survey (C-COSMOS) is a large, 1.8 Ms, Chandra program that has imaged the central 0.5 deg2 of the COSMOS field (centered at RA, Dec of 10 hours , +02 degrees) with an effective exposure of ~ 160 ks, and an outer 0.4 deg2 area with an effective exposure of ~ 80 ks. The limiting source detection depths are 1.9 x 10-16 erg cm-2 s-1 in the soft (0.5 - 2 keV) band, 7.3 x 10-16 erg cm-2 s-1 in the hard (2 - 10 keV) band, and 5.7 x 10-16 erg cm-2 s-1 in the full (0.5 - 10 keV) band. In this paper, the authors describe the strategy, design, and execution of the C-COSMOS survey, and present the catalog of 1761 point sources detected at a probability of being spurious of < 2 x 10-5 (1655 in the full, 1340 in the soft, and 1017 in the hard bands). By using a grid of 36 heavily (~ 50%) overlapping pointing positions with the ACIS-I imager, a remarkably uniform (+/-12%) exposure across the inner 0.5 deg2 field was obtained, leading to a sharply defined lower flux limit. The widely different point-spread functions obtained in each exposure at each point in the field required a novel source detection method, because of the overlapping tiling strategy, which is described in a companion paper. This method produced reliable sources down to a 7-12 counts, as verified by the resulting log N-log S curve, with sub-arcsecond positions, enabling optical and infrared identifications of virtually all sources, as reported in a second companion paper. Supporting data products for this table (including images, event files, and exposure maps) are available at the COSMOS Survey website and at IRSA. At the IRSA website, it is also possible to search a database that includes "postage stamps" of the X-ray data for each source, along with the multi-wavelength optical and infrared data, including the I-band, K-band, and Spitzer 3.6-micron (Band 1) images used in the Part III paper (Civano et al. 2012) to identify the sources. See also the related table CCOSMOSOID for the optical and infrared identifications of the surveyed X-ray point sources. This table was created by the HEASARC in November 2009 based on an electronic version of the C-COSMOS Catalog which was obtained from the Astrophysical Journal web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
M 31 Central Region Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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This table countains the M 31 Central Region Catalog of Chandra X-Ray Point Sources. It is based on Chandra observations of the central region of M 31. By combining eight Chandra ACIS-I observations which were taken between 1999 and 2001, the authors have identified 204 X-ray sources within the central ~17'x17' region of M 31, with a detection limit of ~2x1035 erg/s. Of these 204 X-ray sources, 22 are identified with globular clusters, two with supernova remnants, nine with planetary nebulae, and nine with supersoft sources. By comparing individual images, about 50% of the sources were found to be variable on timescales of months. The authors also found 13 transients, with light curves showing a variety of shapes. They also extracted the energy spectra of the 20 brightest sources; they can be well fitted by a single power law with a mean photon index of 1.8. The spectral shapes of 12 sources were variable, suggesting that they went through state changes. All sources in the catalog have S/N > 2.5 and only five have S/N < 3.0. The detection limit for the sources varies across the image due to the variation of exposure time, background, and instrumental PSF, and is highest near the edges, where the PSF broadens rapidly and the exposure time is lowest. Over the inner 4' of the field, the detection limit is 2.1 x 10-4 ct/s, which is equivalent to an X-ray luminosity of about 2 x 1035 erg/s. Additional information about optical identifications and cross-correlated ROSAT X-ray sources not provided in this HEASARC table is available in the published paper (Tables 4 and 5) and/or the CDS at https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/577/738/ (table4.dat & table5.dat). This table was created by the HEASARC in October 2004 based on CDS Catalog J/ApJ/577/738/table2.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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