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Fermi LAT Sources Refined Associations Catalog
The Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) First Source Catalog (1FGL: Abdo et al. 2010, ApJS, 188, 405) was released in 2010 February and the Fermi-LAT 2-Year Source Catalog (2FGL: Nolan et al. 2012, ApJS, 199, 31) appeared in 2012 April, based on data from 24 months of operations. Since they were released, many follow up observations of unidentified gamma-ray sources have been performed and new procedures for associating gamma-ray sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths have been developed. In the reference paper, the authors review and characterize all of the associations as published in the 1FGL and 2FGL catalogs on the basis of multi-frequency archival observations. In particular, they locate 177 spectra for the low-energy counterparts that were not listed in the previous Fermi catalogs, and in addition they present new spectroscopic observations of eight gamma-ray blazar candidates. Based on their investigations, the authors introduce a new counterpart category of "candidate associations" and propose a refined classification for the candidate low-energy counterparts of the Fermi sources. They compare the 1FGL-assigned counterparts with those listed in 2FGL to determine which unassociated sources became associated in later releases of the Fermi catalogs. The authors also search for potential counterparts to all of the remaining unassociated Fermi sources. Finally, they prepare a refined and merged list of all of the associations of 1FGL plus 2FGL that includes 2219 unique Fermi objects. This is the most comprehensive and systematic study of all the associations collected for the gamma-ray sources available to the date of this study. The authors conclude that 80% of the Fermi sources have at least one known plausible gamma-ray emitter within their positional uncertainty regions. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2015 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/217/2">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/217/2</a> file table4.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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Fermi LAT 4-Year Point Source Catalog
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The Fermi LAT 4-Year Point Source Catalog (3FGL) is a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission during the first 48 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. Compared to the 2FGL catalog, the 3FGL catalog incorporates twice as much data as well as a number of analysis improvements, including improved calibrations at the event reconstruction level, an updated model for Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, a refined procedure for source detection, and improved methods for associating LAT sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths. Sources were detected and characterized in the 100 MeV to 300 GeV range. Source detection was based on a threshold likelihood Test Statistic of 25, corresponding to a significance of just over 4 sigma. This catalog includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits with three different spectral forms; power-law for most sources, log-parabola for significantly curved sources, and power-law with exponential cutoff for known gamma-ray pulsars. It also includes flux measurements in 5 bands for each source. The Fermi LAT Team has evaluated the populations of gamma-ray sources that are represented in the catalog using a protocol defined before launch. Individual LAT-detected sources have been provided identifications or plausible associations with sources in other astronomical catalogs. Care was taken to characterize the sensitivity of the results to the model of interstellar diffuse gamma-ray emission used to model the bright foreground, and a number of sources at low Galactic latitudes and toward bright local interstellar clouds are flagged as having positions that are strongly dependent on the model or as potentially entirely due to incorrectly modeled structure in the Galactic diffuse emission. This catalog has been superseded by the Fermi LAT 8-Year Point Source Catalog, also known as 4FGL. Please refer to that if you want the latest version. This database table was originally ingested by the HEASARC in May, 2015, as FERMILPSC. With the release of the 4FGL catalog in March, 2019, this catalog was renamed FERMI3FGL. The electronic data for this catalog was obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC) at http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/4yr_catalog/. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Fermi LAT High-Energy Source Catalog (1FHL)
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This table contains the catalog of gamma-ray sources at energies above 10 GeV based on data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) accumulated during the first 3 years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of > 10 GeV sources (1FHL) has 514 sources. For each source, the authors present location, spectrum, a measure of variability,and associations with cataloged sources at other wavelengths. They found that 449 (87%) could be associated with known sources, of which 393 (76% of the 1FHL sources) are active galactic nuclei. Of the 27 sources associated with known pulsars, they find 20 (12) to have significant pulsations in the range > 10 GeV (> 25 GeV). In this work, the authors also report that, at energies above 10 GeV, unresolved sources account for 27% +/- 8% of the isotropic gamma-ray background, while the unresolved Galactic population contributes only at the few percent level to the Galactic diffuse background. The authors also highlight the subset of the 1FHL sources that are the best candidates for detection at energies above 50 - 100 GeV with current and future ground-based gamma-ray observatories. The time interval analyzed here is from the beginning of Fermi LAT science operations on 2008 August 4 (MET 239557447) to 2011 August 1 (MET 333849586), covering very nearly 3 years. In this work, the authors analyze gamma rays with energies in the range 10-500 GeV. To limit the contamination from gamma rays produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the upper atmosphere, gamma rays with zenith angles greater than 105 degrees were excluded. To further reduce the residual gamma rays from the upper atmosphere only data for time periods when the spacecraft rocking angle was less than 52 degrees were considered. See Section 2 of the reference paper for further explanations. This table was created by the HEASARC in April 2015 based on CDS Catalog J/ApJS/209/34/ files table3.dat and table7.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Fermi LAT Long-Term Transient Source Catalog
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The First Catalog of Long-Term Transient Sources detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) comprises of 142 unique, transient sources that were detected on monthly time intervals during Fermi-LAT operations. The monthly time scale allows to identify transient and variable sources that were not yet reported in other Fermi-LAT catalogs. The monthly datasets were analyzed using a wavelet-based source detection algorithm that provided the candidate new transient sources. The search was limited to the extragalactic regions of the sky to avoid the dominance of the Galactic diffuse emission at low Galactic latitudes. The transient candidates were then analyzed using the standard Fermi-LAT maximum likelihood analysis method. All sources detected with a statistical significance above 4 sigma in at least one monthly bin were listed in the final catalog. This database table was ingested by the HEASARC in September 2021 and is based upon file downloaded from the Space Science Data Center (SSDC) Fermi-1FLT website. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Fermi 2FGL Unassociated Gamma-Ray Sources Possible Radio Identifications
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This table contains some of the results from an all-sky radio survey between 5- and 9-GHz of sky areas surrounding all unassociated gamma-ray objects listed in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Second Source Catalog (2FGL). The goal of these observations is to find all new gamma-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) associations with radio sources > 10 mJy at 8GHz. The authors observed with the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) the areas around unassociated sources, providing localizations of weak radio point sources found in 2FGL fields at arcminute scales. They then followed up a subset of these with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and the Long Baseline Array (LBA) in order to confirm detections of radio emission on parsec-scales. The authors quantified association probabilities based on known statistics of source counts and assuming a uniform distribution of background sources. In total, they found 865 radio sources at arcsecond scales as candidates for association and detected 95 of 170 selected for follow-up observations at milliarcsecond resolution. Based on this, they obtained firm associations for 76 previously unknown gamma-ray AGNs. Comparison of these new AGN associations with the predictions from using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) color-color diagram shows that half of the associations are missed. The authors found that in 129 out of 588 gamma-ray sources observed at arcminute scales not a single radio continuum source was detected above their sensitivity limit within the 3-sigma gamma-ray localization. These "empty" fields were found to be particularly concentrated at low Galactic latitudes. The nature of these Galactic gamma-ray emitters is not yet determined. A list of 216 target fields were observed with the VLA. The instantaneous bandwidth was split into two parts, with one half centered at 5.0 GHz (4.5 - 5.5 GHz) and the other centered at 7.3 GHz (6.8 - 7.8 GHz). The observations were made on 2012 October 26 and 2012 November 3. See section 2.1 of the reference paper for more details. These data are included in this HEASARC table. During the first campaign with the ATCA from 2012 September 19-20, the authors observed 411 2FGL unassociated sources in a Declination range of -90 degrees to +10 degrees at 5.5 and 9 GHz. The details of this observing campaign and results have been reported by Petrov et al. (2013, MNRAS, 432, 1294: available at the HEASARC as the AT2FGLUS table). The authors detected a total of 424 point sources. In a second ATCA campaign on 2013 September 25-28, the authors re-observed sources that were detected at 5 GHz, but were not detected at 9 GHz. See section 2.2 of the reference paper for more details. These data are included in this HEASARC table. Follow-up observations of 149 targets selected from the VLA and ATCA surveys above -30 degrees Declination were conducted with the VLBA between 2013 Feb-Aug (VCS7 project; 4.128 - 4.608 and 7.392 - 7.872 GHz simultaneously) and in 2013 Jun-Dec (campaign S5272; 7.392 - 7.872 GHz only). See section 2.3 of the reference paper for more details. These data are NOT included in this HEASARC table. For sources with Declination below -30 degrees, the authors added 21 objects to the on-going LCS campaign being conducted using the LBA (Petrov et al. 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2528) in 2013 Mar-2013 Jun at 8.200 - 8.520 GHz. See section 2.4 of the reference paper for more details. These data are NOT included in this HEASARC table. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2015 based on the union of CDS Catalog J/ApJS/217/4/ files table2.dat (the 148 'Category I' objects that were detected at 5.0/5.5 and/or 7.3/9.0 GHz within 2.7' of the 2FGL counterpart localization), table3.dat (the 501 'Category II' objects that were detected at 5.0/5.5 and/or 7.3/9.0 GHz between 2.7' and 6.5' of the 2FGL counterpart localization) and table4.dat (the 216
Second Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources (2FHL)
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This is a catalog of sources detected above 50 GeV by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) in 80 months of data. The newly delivered Pass 8 event-level analysis allows the detection and characterization of sources in the 50GeV-2TeV energy range. In this energy band, Fermi-LAT has detected 360 sources, which constitute the second catalog of hard Fermi-LAT sources (2FHL). The improved angular resolution enables the precise localization of point sources (~1.7-arcminutes radius at 68% confidence level) and the detection and characterization of spatially extended sources. The authors found that 86% of the sources could be associated with counterparts at other wavelengths, of which the majority (75%) are active galactic nuclei and the rest (11%) are Galactic sources. Only 25% of the 2FHL sources have been previously detected by Cherenkov telescopes, implying that the 2FHL provides a reservoir of candidates to be followed up at very high energies. This work closes the energy gap between the observations performed at GeV energies by Fermi-LAT on orbit and the observations performed at higher energies by Cherenkov telescopes from the ground. This database table was first ingested by the HEASARC in September 2015 using electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). That data is available at http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/2FHL/. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Fermi LAT 14-Year Point Source Catalog (4FGL-DR4)
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The Fermi Point Source Catalog (4FGL) is a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The 14-year catalog is an incremental version (4FGL-DR4, for Data Release 4) of the fourth Fermi-LAT catalog of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first fourteen years of science data in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it uses the same analysis methods as the 4FGL- DR3 catalog did for 12 years of data. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions, light curves and associations are updated for all sources. This database table was last updated by the HEASARC in February 2024, using the latest electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC) available at http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/14yr_catalog/. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Fermi LAT Fourth AGN Catalog
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This is the third update to the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). This version (4LAC-DR3) derives from the third data release of the 4FGL catalog based on 12 years of gamma-ray data with energies greater than 50 MeV. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions (SEDs), yearly light curves, and associations have been updated for all sources. The catalog contains includes 3407 AGN located at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 10 degrees). This database table was first ingested by the HEASARC in February 2010. It was last updated (to the 4LAC-DR3 version) in June 2023 using electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). That data is available at https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/4LACDR3/. Note that this table does not contain the low-latitude sources given in a separate file there, which are not formally a part of the catalog. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Australia Telescope 2FGL Unassociated Sources Radio Source Catalog
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The authors report results of the first phase of observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 5 and 9 GHz of the fields around 411 gamma-ray sources having declinations less than +10 degrees which were detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, but marked as unassociated in the 2nd Fermi Large-Area Telescope (2FGL) Catalog (available at the HEASARC as the FERMILPSC table). They have detected 424 radio sources with flux densities in the range from 2 mJy to 6 Jy in the fields of 283 gamma-ray sources within their gamma-ray position error ellipses (drawn to cover the area of 99 per cent probability of their localization). Of these, 146 objects were detected in both 5- and 9-GHz bands. The authors found 84 sources with spectral indices flatter than -0.5 in their sample. The majority of detected sources are weaker than 100 mJy and for this reason were not found in previous surveys. Approximately 1/3 of this sample, 128 objects, have the probability of being associated which is more than 10 times the probability of their being a background source found in the vicinity of the gamma-ray object by chance. This table contains the catalog of positions of these radio sources, estimates of their flux densities and their spectral indices, when available. This table was created by the HEASARC in July 2013 based on the electronic versions of Tables 1, 2 and 3 from the reference paper which were obtained from the MNRAS web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Fermi LAT Second Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog
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The LAT routinely observes high-energy emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Here we present the second catalog of LAT-detected GRBs. Initially, the second catalog covered the only the first 10 years of operations, from 2008 August 4 to 2018 August 4. The table given here has been supplemented to add later GRBs that were analyzed using the same procedure as the original catalog. It will be updated periodically with new GRBs. This database table was last updated by the HEASARC in April 2022 using electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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