Sentinel-1 A and B satellites are part of Europe’s Copernicus Earth Observation program and carry identical C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments. Over open-ocean, they operate in wave mode and collect directional wave measurements globally. This dataset contains Sentinel-1 SAR directional ocean swell wave number spectra, spectral partitions and partition bulks in the Australasian region including the Pacific islands, this mission has flown since 2014, with data delivered from July 2015. The data have been homogenised to a single, easily usable format from inconsistent source product by removing various discrepancies such as inconsistencies in wave number bins and values, variables and erroneous measurements over land. The data represented by this record, are presented in delayed mode.

Sentinel-1 A and B satellites are part of Europe's Copernicus Earth Observation program and carry identical C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments. This dataset contains 10m neutral stability wind speed and direction derived from Sentinel-1 A and B SARs in the wider Australian coastal regions. In these regions, the satellites normally operate in interferometric wide (IW) swath mode. The winds are derived using a consistent geophysical model function (gmf), CMOD5N, and variational Bayesian inversion approach as proposed in Portabella et al. (2002) and Sentinel-1 Ocean wind (owi) algorithm definition document. The input SAR and model (ECMWF) data used in the inversion are sourced from owi level-2 product, and the resulting derived winds are approximately at 1km horizontal spatial resolution as in the source product but derived using a consistent gmf over time (unlike the source product). Wind speeds are also calibrated against Metop-A and B scatterometer wind database of Ribal and Young, 2020 (JTECH). The data represented by this record, are presented in delayed mode.

Sentinel-1 A, B and C satellites are part of Europe's Copernicus Earth Observation program and carry identical C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments. This dataset contains regularly gridded (0.01 x 0.01 deg) daily 10m neutral stability wind speed and direction derived from Sentinel-1 SARs in the wider Australian nearshore regions. In these regions, the satellites normally operate in interferometric wide (IW) swath mode. The winds are derived using a consistent geophysical model function (gmf), CMOD5N, and variational Bayesian inversion approach as proposed in Portabella et al. (2002) and Sentinel-1 Ocean wind (owi) algorithm definition document. The input SAR and model (ECMWF) data used in the inversion are sourced from owi Level-2 product, and the resulting derived winds are approximately at 1km horizontal spatial resolution as in the source product. Wind speeds are also calibrated against Metop-A and B scatterometer wind database of Ribal and Young, 2020 (JTECH). For each day, all available derived wind field swaths (available as separate wind product: IMOS - Satellite Remote Sensing - Surface Waves Sub-Facility - SAR wind - Delayed mode data) are combined and interpolated to a nominal 0.01 x 0.01-degree regular grid. The final data are thus arranged in a rectilinear grid with dimensions defined by TIME, LATITUDE and LONGITUDE. The data represented by this record, are presented in delayed mode.

The dataset consists of ocean surface wind speed and direction at 10m height and 1 km spatial resolution around the wider Australian coastal areas, spanning 4 years (2017 to 2021) of measurements from Sentinel-1 A and B imaging Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) platforms. The winds have been derived using a consistent SAR wind retrieval algorithm, processing the full Sentinel-1 archive in this region. The data have been calibrated against Metop-A/B Scatterometer buoy-calibrated, wind measurements and examined for potential changes in calibration over the duration of the data. The calibrated data are further validated by comparisons against independent Altimeter (Cryosat-2, Jason-2, Jason-3, and SARAL) wind speeds. The ongoing IMOS (Integrated Marine Observing System) Surface Waves Sub-Facility SAR wind database (delayed mode data) is available through the Australian Ocean Data Network (AODN) Portal (https://portal.aodn.org.au/search?uuid=b02b929f-2caf-45d4-ac60-d4632b7ca0ca), the main repository for marine data in Australia. The data represented by this metadata record is a snapshot of the database at the time of this publication (November 2022), and has been assigned a DOI and will be maintained in perpetuity by the AODN.

Sentinel-1 A and B satellites are part of Europe’s Copernicus Earth Observation program and carry identical C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments. Over open-ocean, they operate in wave mode and collect directional wave measurements globally. This dataset contains Sentinel-1 SAR directional ocean swell wave number spectra, spectral partitions and partition bulks in the Australasian region including the Pacific islands, this mission has flown since 2014, with data delivered from July 2015. The data have been homogenised to a single, easily usable format from inconsistent source product by removing various discrepancies such as inconsistencies in wave number bins and values, variables and erroneous measurements over land. The data represented by this record, are presented in real-time.

This database contains global data of wind speed and wave height obtained from all the altimeter missions which have flown since 1985. The data has been calibrated against NDBC buoy data and validated with independent buoy measurements and at cross-over points with other altimeter missions. The long term stability of the data has been assessed against buoy data and any discontinuities which may occur due to changes in the processing techniques or instrumentation has been removed in the calibration process. There is a static snapshot of the database as at February 2019 (https://dx.doi.org/10.26198/5c77588b32cc1), and this has been documented in a Scientific Data Publication. This metadata record provides access to the dynamic (most recent) version of the database.

Satellite-based altimeters provide fundamental observations of sea surface height that continue to underpin our understanding of the ocean’s role in the Earth’s climate system. Understanding changes in mean sea level at global to regional scales is critical for understanding the response of the ocean to a warming climate – both through the thermal expansion of the ocean and the melting of mountain glaciers and polar ice caps. Sea surface height also provides a lens into ocean dynamic processes at regional to local scales. As with all scientific observations, validation of instrumentation is vital to ensure that measurements are accurate and reliable. The IMOS Satellite Altimeter Calibration and Validation Sub-Facility maintains a suite of instrumentation primarily in Bass Strait, providing the only southern hemisphere in situ calibration and validation site that has operated since the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992. The facility uses Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) equipped buoys on the ocean surface as well as an array of sub-surface moored oceanographic instrumentation that includes temperature, pressure and salinity sensors and advanced 5-beam acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs). Data from this infrastructure is combined to derive a sustained Sea Surface Height (SSH) record that can be directly compared to altimeter measurements. These data provide important contributions to Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OSTST) and other mission-specific validation teams including those associated with the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, Sentinel-3A and 3B, and SWOT missions. For validation of nadir altimeters, the key metric of interest to mission science teams the altimeter absolute bias, the difference between altimeter and in situ measurements of SSH in an absolute reference frame. Analysis of the absolute bias record over time helps ensure data produced from satellite altimeters are accurate and precise on a global scale. In addition to the primary site located in Bass Strait, the sub-facility operates some sensors opportunistically at other sites including at the Southern Ocean Flux Station (SOFS) in the Southern Ocean, and at Davies Reef and Yongala in and adjacent to Great Barrier Reef. Data made available from the sub-facility includes: Bass Strait (various locations corresponding to different altimeter comparison points) • Bottom pressure, temperature and salinity (P, T, S) • Water current (U, V) • Significant Wave Height (SWH) • Sea Surface Height (SSH) • Note different temporal extents and sampling rates are provided on a site-by-site basis deploying on deployments and variable of choice. Southern Ocean • Sea Surface Height • Significant Wave Height • Note two different sampling rates are provided. The temporal extent depends on the SOFS deployment. Davies Reef and Yongala • Bottom pressure, temperature and salinity (P, T, S) • Sea Surface Height • Note different temporal extents and sampling rates are provided on a site-by-site basis deploying on deployments and variable of choice.

The Cape Spencer (CSP) HF ocean radar site (35.294 S, 136.879 E) is one of two HF ocean radars covering the area between Eyre Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. The other HF ocean radar station is at Cape Wiles. The HF ocean radar coverage is from the coast to beyond the edge of the continental shelf. The CSP HF ocean radar is a WERA phased array system with a 16-element receive array. This radar operates at a frequency of 8.512 MHz, with a bandwidth of 33 KHz, a maximum range of 200 Km and a range resolution of 4.5 Km. Azimuthally the radar covers a sweep 60 deg either side of a bore sight direction of 237 deg true east of north (approximately north by north-west). Within the HF radar coverage area surface current radials are measured. Data are also collected from which wind directions and significant wave height can be calculated.