Stable isotope values of mesopelagic fish on the southern Kerguelen Plateau
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Mesopelagic fish bulk stable isotope data from the Kerguelen Axis ecosystem study (AAS_4344): These data are based on samples collected as part of the Kerguelen Axis marine ecosystem study (AAS_4344), chief scientist Andrew Constable. This research was supported by the Australian government under the (i) Cooperative Research Centre Program through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC), (ii) Australian Antarctic Science Program (Projects 4343, 4344, 4347 and 4366), and (iii) Australian Research Council’s Special Research Initiative for Antarctic Gateway Partnership (Project ID SR140300001). The preferred citation is: Woods, B., Walters, A., Hindell, M.A., Trebilco, R. (2019) Isotopic insights into mesopelagic niche space and energy pathways on the southern Kerguelen Plateau. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography Samples for stable isotope analysis were collected on board the R.S.V Aurora Australis during the austral summer of 2016 (22 January – 17 February) as part of the Kerguelen Axis marine ecosystem study (AAS_4344). Samples were collected from 15 sampling stations along two transects from the Antarctic continental shelf to the BANZARE Bank over the Kerguelen Plateau and in an east to west direction across the Kerguelen Plateau. Mesopelagic fish were sampled from the surface to 1000 m depth using an IYGPT (International Young Gadoid Pelagic Trawl) net equipped with a MIDOC (Mid-water Open Close) multiple cod-end device. Analyses focused on an assemblage including genera from the family Myctophidae (Electrona, Gymnoscopelus, Krefftichthys and Protomyctophum), and the genus Bathylagus from the family Bathylagidae, as these are dominant genera in the Southern Ocean (Pusch et al., 2004; Hulley and Duhamel, 2011; Collins et al., 2012). Muscle tissue from each fish was analysed for δ15N and δ13C. Collins, M. A., Stowasser, G., Fielding, S., Shreeve, R., Xavier, J. C., Venables, H. J., . . . Van de Putte, A. (2012). Latitudinal and bathymetric patterns in the distribution and abundance of mesopelagic fish in the Scotia Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 59, 189-198. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.07.003 Hulley, P. A., and Duhamel, G. (2011). Aspects of lanternfish distribution in the Kerguelen Plateau region. The Kerguelen Plateau: marine ecosystems and fisheies. G. Duhamel and DC Welsford, Editors, 183-195. Pusch, C., Hulley, P. A., and Kock, K. H. (2004). Community structure and feeding ecology of mesopelagic fishes in the slope waters of King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 51(11), 1685-1708. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2004.06.008
Stable isotopes concentrations measured in sediment samples collected during the IN2017-V01 voyage of the RV Investigator
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Sediment cores were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (IN2017_V01; (Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles. The cores were collected using a multi-corer (MC) and a Kasten corer (KC). The MC were sliced every centimetre, wrapped up in plastic bags, and stored in the fridge. The KC was sub-sampled using a u-channel; and sliced every centimetre once back the home laboratory (IMAS, UTAS, Hobart, Australia). This dataset presents stable isotopes measured in total and fumigated (i.e. organic) sediment samples collected during the IN2017_V01 voyage. The data include the sampling date (day/month/year), the latitude and longitude (in decimal degrees), the seafloor depth (in meter), the sediment core ID, the sediment depth (in cm), the elemental concentration (in %) and the stable isotope (13C, 15N and 34S) compositions reported as delta values (in ‰). This dataset presents stable isotopes measured in fumigated (i.e. organic) sediment samples collected during the IN2017_V01 voyage. The data include the sampling date (day/month/year), the latitude and longitude (in decimal degrees), the seafloor depth (in meter), the sediment core ID, the sediment depth (in cm), the elemental concentration (in %) and the stable isotope (13C and 15N) compositions reported as delta values (in ‰). Sediment samples were dried in an oven at 40°C and ground using a pestle and a mortar. Thirty mg of sediment was weighed into a tin cup for elemental and stable isotope analysis at the Central Science Laboratory (CSL), University of Tasmania. Total carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) content was analysed by elemental analyser using flash combustion (Elementar, vario PyroCube, Germany). The stable isotopes 13C, 15N and 34S were analysed by isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS, Isoprime100). A duplicate sample of 35 mg was weighed into a silver cup for organic C measurement. Fifty µL of MQW was added into this cup and the samples were fumigated with concentrated HCl within a desiccator for 24h (Komada et al., 2008) to remove inorganic C. Samples were finally dried in an oven at 60°C and analysed. Isotopic results are reported as delta values (δX; where X = 13C,15N or 34S): δX =(R_sample / R_standard -1)×1000 ‰ where R is the ratio 13C/12C, 15N/14N or 34S/32S respectively. The δ13C value is reported respective to the PDB (Pee Dee Belemnite) standard; the δ15N is reported with reference to air; and δ34S is reported respective to the CTD (Canyon Diablo troilite) standard. References - Armand, L. K., O’Brien, P. E., Armbrecht, L., Baker, H., Caburlotto, A., Connell, T., … Young, A. (2018). Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Research Publications. - Komada, T., Anderson, M. R., and Dorfmeier, C. L. (2008). Carbonate removal from coastal sediments for the determination of organic carbon and its isotopic signatures, δ 13 C and Δ 14 C: comparison of fumigation and direct acidification by hydrochloric acid . Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 6(6), 254–262.
Sediment Fauna data from the antFOCE (Antarctic Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment) experiment at Casey Station
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Metadata record AAS_4127_antFOCE_SedimentFauna contains all data sets relating to the fauna sampled from marine sediments during the antFOCE experiment, including macrofauna, meiofauna, diatoms, microbes, as well as DNA sequencing conducted on some of these groups and the results of a sediment bioturbation study. Refer to antFOCE report section 4.4 for deployment, sampling and on-station analysis details. https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4127_antFOCE_Project4127 Background The antFOCE experimental system was deployed in O'Brien Bay, approximately 5 kilometres south of Casey station, East Antarctica, in the austral summer of 2014/15. Surface and sub-surface (in water below the sea ice) infrastructure allowed controlled manipulation of seawater pH levels (reduced by 0.4 pH units below ambient) in 2 chambers placed on the sea floor over natural benthic communities. Two control chambers (no pH manipulation) and two open plots (no chambers, no pH manipulation) were also sampled to compare to the pH manipulated (acidified) treatment chambers. Details of the antFOCE experiment can be found in the report – "antFOCE 2014/15 – Experimental System, Deployment, Sampling and Analysis". This report and a diagram indicating how the various antFOCE data sets relate to each other are available at: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4127_antFOCE_Project4127
Sediment Macrofauna Community Composition data from the antFOCE (Antarctic Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment) experiment at Casey Station
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Refer to antFOCE report section 4.4.1 for deployment, sampling and analysis details. https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4127_antFOCE_Project4127 The download file contains an Excel workbook with 2 data spreadsheets - one for the greater than 1mm fraction and one for the 0.5mm to 1mm fraction of the macrofauna - and a third of notes relevant to the data. The data are the total number of each organism collected from sediment cores taken in and adjacent to chambers or open plots during the antFOCE experiment. Analysis methods are detailed in the Notes spreadsheet. Background The antFOCE experimental system was deployed in O’Brien Bay, approximately 5 kilometres south of Casey station, East Antarctica, in the austral summer of 2014/15. Surface and sub-surface (in water below the sea ice) infrastructure allowed controlled manipulation of seawater pH levels (reduced by 0.4 pH units below ambient) in 2 chambers placed on the sea floor over natural benthic communities. Two control chambers (no pH manipulation) and two open plots (no chambers, no pH manipulation) were also sampled to compare to the pH manipulated (acidified) treatment chambers. Details of the antFOCE experiment can be found in the report – “antFOCE 2014/15 – Experimental System, Deployment, Sampling and Analysis”. This report and a diagram indicating how the various antFOCE data sets relate to each other are available at: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4127_antFOCE_Project4127
Environmental data from the antFOCE (Antarctic Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment) experiment at Casey Station
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Metadata record AAS_4127_antFOCE_EnvironmentalData contains seafloor Ambient Light and ambient Seawater Temperature data sets collected at the antFOCE site during the experiment. Ambient Light data was collected using Photosynthetically Active Radiation sensors (Odyssey Dataflow 392 photo diode light meters) distributed around the antFOCE site as well as several inside the experimental chambers and open plots. Seawater Temperature data were collected using Onset Hoboware Tidbit v2 (UTBI-001) temperature loggers attached to the outside of various pieces of the underwater experimental infrastructure across the antFOCE site. Refer to antFOCE report section 2.3 for deployment, sampling and on-station analysis details. https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4127_antFOCE_Project4127 Background The antFOCE experimental system was deployed in O'Brien Bay, approximately 5 kilometres south of Casey station, East Antarctica, in the austral summer of 2014/15. Surface and sub-surface (in water below the sea ice) infrastructure allowed controlled manipulation of seawater pH levels (reduced by 0.4 pH units below ambient) in 2 chambers placed on the sea floor over natural benthic communities. Two control chambers (no pH manipulation) and two open plots (no chambers, no pH manipulation) were also sampled to compare to the pH manipulated (acidified) treatment chambers. Details of the antFOCE experiment can be found in the report – "antFOCE 2014/15 – Experimental System, Deployment, Sampling and Analysis". This report and a diagram indicating how the various antFOCE data sets relate to each other are available at: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4127_antFOCE_Project4127