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Gippsland Lakes Digital Elevation Model
The Gippsland Lakes are a large coastal lagoon system in Victoria with major settlements on their shores and a potential inundation area of over 700sq km. A digital elevation model (DEM) of the Gippsland Lakes was developed in 2002 to support flood level estimation. The ANUDEM program, produced by the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies at the Australian National University was used to produce the DEM from a comprehensive range of data sources including digitised contours from aerial photogrammetry and survey data from local authorities . The Gippsland Lakes DEM provides a digital description of the terrain surface lying below 5 metres on the Australian Height Datum (AHD), including the bathymetry of the lakes, and gives continuous elevation values over the entire study domain. The DEM provides a useful tool for extracting cross-sections of model input, computing storage volumes for confined areas and displaying computed flood extents. The DEM has been developed for use in modeling high flow events and should not be used to assess inundations patterns under low flow conditions.
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Water levels in the Gippsland Lakes; 1998 to 2002.
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The Centre for Environmental Applied Hydrology (CEAH) at the University of Melbourne, with funding from the Gippsland Ports Authority (GPA) established a water level monitoring network around the Gippsland Lakes in November 1998. Water level data for 18 sites across the Gippsland Lakes are recorded from November 1998 to May 2002 as 12-minute interval, time-centred readings with 10-second window averages. The data was collected at high-resolution spatial and temporal coverage to facilitate an analysis of Lakes level behaviour and hydrodynamic model (HDM) calibration. The data is accessible through the software "Lakes Explorer" version 5.0, written by Dr K.S. Tan in Microsoft® Excel 2000© Visual Basic® for Application (Excel VBA). The "Lakes Explorer" has six basic functions: Import File, Draw Chart, Navigate database, Regenerate/Recalculate Level, Export File, and Animate Profile
River discharge into the Gippsland Lakes
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River discharge data from 19 gauging stations were extracted from the Victorian Water Resources Data Warehouse. The extracted data has been compiled and processed to give concurrent observed flows, in hourly time step at the outlets of all the six major rivers associated with the Gippsland Lakes system. Continuous discharge data is provided for the outlets of the eastern (Tambo, Nicholson, Mitchell) and western rivers (Avon, Thomson/Macalister, Latrobe) from 1974 and 1977, respectively through to December 2000. The data was produced for use in the calibration of the Gippsland Lakes Flood Level Modelling Project (GLFLMP), and to re-construct historical water levels in the Gippsland Lakes. The processed hourly river discharge data for the six major rivers used in the GLFLMP are available as text files.
Bathymetry of Lake Erie and Lake Saint Clair
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Bathymetry of Lake Erie and Lake Saint Clair has been compiled as a component of a NOAA project to rescue Great Lakes lake floor geological and geophysical data and make it more accessible. This project is a cooperative effort between investigators at the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center's Marine Geology and Geophysics Division (NGDC/MGG), the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) and the Canadian Hydrographic Service(CHS). Bathymetric sounding data employed in compiling the one-meter bathymetry (National Geophysical Data Center, 1998) were collected over a 100-year period for purposes of navigation safety and nautical charting by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, the NOAA Coast Survey, and the Canadian Hydrographic Service. These bathymetric data, totaling several hundred thousand soundings, are separated four ways in existing archives: by whether they exist in digital form or reside only on paper sheets; and by whether they were collected by the U. S. or Canada. Final assembly of the new bathymetry has resulted from synthesis of bathymetric data from the four sources. Spacing of data control tracklines ranges from 500 to 2500 meters for the open lake and from 125 to 500 meters for nearshore areas. In preparation for bathymetric contouring, digital soundings were converted to metric units and computer plotted in color according to depth range. Contours in metric units were generated directly on overlays from paper sheets and then reduced to compilation scale and patched in. Compilation sheets were scanned and vectorized; and the resulting digital bathymetric contour data constitutes the primary product. The data were hand contoured by geomorphologists to capture and portray the maximum information available, resulting in a degree of detail not attainable with machine contouring and the density of available data. Bathymetric contours were prepared by geologists using sounding data contained in the paper archives at the scale of the survey sheets (scales ranging from 1: 100,000 to 1: 10, 000); or from sounding data contained in digital data bases at standard scales of either 1: 100,000 or 1: 50,000. Details concerning the methods of compilation are given in the western Lake Erie paper (Holcombe, et al., 1997). Bathymetric contours have been spatially reconciled with the NOAA Coast Survey nominal scale 1:80,000 digital vector shoreline, which by definition coincides with the Lake Erie low water datum, the zero-depth employed for bathymetric surveys and nautical charting.
Midway Atoll Coastal Digital Elevation Model
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NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) is building high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for select U.S. coastal regions. These integrated bathymetric-topographic DEMs are used to support tsunami forecasting and modeling efforts at the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). The DEMs are part of the tsunami forecast system SIFT (Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis) currently being developed by PMEL for the NOAA Tsunami Warning Centers, and are used in the MOST (Method of Splitting Tsunami) model developed by PMEL to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. Bathymetric, topographic, and shoreline data used in DEM compilation are obtained from various sources, including NGDC, the U.S. National Ocean Service (NOS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other federal, state, and local government agencies, academic institutions, and private companies. DEMs are referenced to the vertical tidal datum of Mean High Water (MHW) and horizontal datum of World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84). Grid spacings for the DEMs range from 1/3 arc-second (~10 meters) to 3 arc-seconds (~90 meters).
Great Lakes Bathymetry
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Bathymetry of Lakes Michigan, Erie, Saint Clair, Ontario and Huron has been compiled as a component of a NOAA project to rescue Great Lakes lake floor geological and geophysical data and make it more accessible. Lake Superior bathymetry partially completed. The present contours and grids have been partially derived and completely compiled here at NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) using a variety of sources of data including the NOS Hydrographic data base and the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) smooth sheets. This project is a cooperative effort between investigators at the NGDC, the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and the Canadian Hydrographic Service. Bathymetric data used for this project have been collected from the Great Lakes in support of nautical charting for at least 150 years by the US Army Corp. of Engineers (before 1970), the NOAA National Ocean Service (after 1970), and the CHS.
Bathymetry of Lake Superior
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Bathymetry of Lake Superior has been compiled as a component of a NOAA project to rescue Great Lakes lake floor geological and geophysical data and make it more accessible to the public. This project is a cooperative effort between investigators at the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center's Marine Geology and Geophysics Division (NGDC/MGG), the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) and the Canadian Hydrographic Service(CHS). Bathymetric data have been collected from the Great Lakes in support of nautical charting for at least 150 years by the US Army Corp. of Engineers (before 1970), the NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS)(after 1970), and the Canadian Hydrographic Service. No time frame has been set for completing bathymetric contours of Lake Superior, though a 3 arc-second (~90 meter cell size) grid is available.
Taholah, Washington 1/3 Arc-second MHW Coastal Digital Elevation Model
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NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) is building high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for select U.S. coastal regions. These integrated bathymetric-topographic DEMs are used to support tsunami forecasting and modeling efforts at the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). The DEMs are part of the tsunami forecast system SIFT (Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis) currently being developed by PMEL for the NOAA Tsunami Warning Centers, and are used in the MOST (Method of Splitting Tsunami) model developed by PMEL to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. Bathymetric, topographic, and shoreline data used in DEM compilation are obtained from various sources, including NGDC, the U.S. National Ocean Service (NOS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other federal, state, and local government agencies, academic institutions, and private companies. DEMs are referenced to the vertical tidal datum of Mean High Water (MHW) and horizontal datum of North America Datum 1983 (NAD 83). Grid spacings for the DEMs range from 1/3 arc-second (~10 meters) to 3 arc-seconds (~90 meters).
San Juan Islands, Washington Coastal Digital Elevation Model
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NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) is building high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for select U.S. coastal regions. These integrated bathymetric-topographic DEMs are used to support individual coastal States as part of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program's (NTHMP) efforts to improve community preparedness and hazard mitigation. Bathymetric, topographic, and shoreline data used in DEM compilation are obtained from various sources including: NGDC; the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO); NOAA's Coastal Service Center; and other federal, state, and local government agencies, academic institutions, and private companies. The DEM is referenced to the vertical tidal datum of Mean High Water (MHW).