Over time there have been a number of tide gauges deployed at Casey Station, Antarctica. The data download files contain further information about the gauges, but some of the information has been summarised here. Note that this metadata record only describes tide gauge data from 1996 to 2007. More recent data are described elsewhere. Old Tide Gauge 2 (TG002_Old) Oldtg02 is a download from the first gauge submerged deployed at Casey in 1992. This gauge was lost but later recovered standing upright in the mud. The gauge overwrote its memory and stopped. The record runs from 02/04/97 to 08/09/99. It is highly probable that the position of the gauge was stable during this period. There is data from the same period from gauge TG06. Tide Gauge 2 (TG002) These folders contain data downloaded from the redeployed gauge TG02. TG02 was redeployed in November 2003. The Record runs from 12/11/03 to 4/3/05. It is expected that data will be downloaded from this gauge for the next 4-5 years. This gauge was deployed after the previously deployed gauge ran out of battery energy. There is therefore a substantial gap in the record prior to 12/11/03. Tide Gauge 6 (TG006) Tg06 was deployed at Casey in March 1996. The battery became exhausted in June 2003. The gauge was replaced by TG02 in Novenber 2003. There is therefore a gap in the data between June and November 2003. Tide Gauges 33, 34 and 36 (TG033, TG034, TGA001, TG036) There are two wharf pressure sensors at Casey separated vertically by 2.007 m. There is also a barometer in the wharf hut. The files in this folder are from the old tide gauge data loggers. There are three loggers, TG33 records pressures from lower water pressure gauge as 30 second average values (absolute pressure mbar). It also records wharf tube water temperatures. This logger also streams 30sec average pressure. TG34 records pressures from upper water pressure gauge. This logger also streams 30sec average values as and 10minute average water pressure data. TGA01 (and later replaced by TG36) records air pressure as 10 minute average values in mbar. Further documentation from the old metadata records: Documentation dated 2001-03-07 Casey Submerged Tide Gauge The gauge used at Casey was designed in 1991/2 by Platypus Engineering, Hobart, Tasmania. It was intended to be submerged in about 7 metres of water in a purpose made concrete mooring in the shape of a truncated pyramid. The gauge measures pressure using a Paroscientific Digiquartz Pressure Transducer with a full scale pressure of 30 psi absolute. The accuracy of the transducer is 1 in 10,000 of full scale over the calibrated temperature. The overall accuracy of the system is better than +/- 3 mm for a known water density. Data is retrieved from the gauges by lowering a coil assembly on the end of a cable over a projecting knob on the top of the gauge and by use of an interface unit, a serial connection can be established to the gauge. Time setting and data retrieval can be then achieved. One of these of these gauges was deployed at Casey in early 1992 in a mooring in Geoffrey Bay. The mooring was apparently moved by sea ice and was later found, but the gauge is missing. A new mooring, one which was originally made for Harry Burton for use in one of the Vestfold Hills lakes, was taken by ship to Casey and was placed in Geoffrey Bay using a collection of 200 litre fuel drum to float the mooring into position. A new gauge was deployed in March 1996. The gauge was lowered into position with the holding grab wired closed to check that the device fitted in the mooring. The gauge became jammed so was left in situ with the grab preventing access to downloading. In April that year Roger Handsworth attached weights to the floating ropes of the grab to sink them out of the way of the freezing surface water. Divers located the mooring and gauge in late 1997 and 22 months of tidal records were retrieved. The gauge was restarted to clear the memory and allow another two years of data

Over time there have been a number of tide gauges deployed at Macquarie Island Station. The data download files contain further information about the gauges, but some of the information has been summarised here. Note that this metadata record only describes tide gauge data from 1993 to 2007. More recent data are described elsewhere. Macquarie Island used Aquatrak and Druck tide gauges during this period. Documentation from the older metadata record: Documentation dated 2001-06-12 The Macquarie Island Tide Gauge System The Macquarie Island Tide Gauge was first commissioned in November 1993. Since then every year attempts have been made to improve the performance of the system. The next improvement involves the installation of radio modems to effect a network link to the tide gauge dataloggers. Other improvements planned are include using the wave guide temperatures to correct the water heights for variations in the velocity of sound in air due to temperature gradients in the waveguide. The system consists of two separate sensors contained in separate housings on a rock shelf on the northern side of Garden Cove. One of the sensors is an Aquatrack acoustic type and the other is a Druck pressure transducer. Both housings contain a Platypus Engineering data logger and a battery. The housings consist each of an Admiralty Bronze ring bolted down to a concrete plinth and a glass fibre reinforced cover held down by a single central bolt and nut. Primary power for both installations comes from a solar panel array mounted on the northern side of the rock ridge behind the rock shelf. The solar panels are attached to an aluminium frame which is bolted to a galvanized steel frame cemented into holes in the rock face. The bolts are made of nylon with nylon washers so that the aluminium frame is not in contact with the galvanized frame. Mounted below the panels is a sealed plastic box with a hinged door. A multicore data cable runs from this box to the tide gauge housings. This cable is run inside a length of plastic conduit along with the power cable. The conduit is concealed in the vegetation and at the lower level is cemented into slots cut into the rock The batteries in the housing are kept charged by the solar panels but are isolated via power diodes, one in each housing. Either or both of the housing batteries or only the solar panel battery may be removed without interruption to data logging. The voltage of either housing battery may be found by interrogation of the appropriate data logger. Tide Gauge Bore Holes. Both gauges obtain access to the ocean via an inclined hole about 12 metres long inclined at approximately 34 and 39 degrees to the horizontal. Both holes are lined with a plastic pipe which is normally not removable. In the Aquatrack sensor hole a 50mm ABS pressure pipe runs down inside the liner and is fitted with a brass strainer and orifice at the lower end. This strainer protrudes into the ocean somewhat clear of the sea floor (see figure). Inside the 50mm pipe runs a 15mm diameter plastic pipe. The bottom end of this is fitted with a 600mm length of red brass tubing and stops about 100mm from the orifice at the bottom of the pipe. The 15mm pipe is held central in the 50mm pipe by three armed spiders placed about every metre down the pipe. The top end of both pipes is secured by a flange with two O rings and stainless steel screws. On top of the 15mm pipe is mounted the Aquatrack acoustic sensor the 15mm pipe acting as a waveguide for sound pulses from the sensor (see figure ). The Aquatrack sensor measures the distance of the water surface from a reference point on the sensor. About one metre down the wave guide is a small hole. This has two functions. One is to act as vent to allow water to rise and fall in the wave guide and the other is to provide an acoustic reflection at a known distance down the wave guide. This allows compensation for velocity of sound changes due to temperature changes. The Aquatrak wave guide

Tide gauge data collected from two platypus gauges (TG040 and TG041 - barometric) at Commonwealth Bay. Data were collected between 2007-11-27 and 2010-02-16. The gauge was a bottom mounted pressure sensor with a self-contained logger. Sea temperature and barometric pressure were also recorded. Further information is also available from the National Tidal Centre at the Bureau of Meteorology.

This terrestrial dataset was collected at Ursula Harris’s behest by Craig Hamilton and a Naval Survey team on 09 January 2018 when sea conditions prevented the team from taking bathymetric measurements. This survey was intended to fill gaps in the existing Mawson Station survey data and includes 29 previously unrecorded features comprised of bollards, HF towers, flagpoles, masts, antennae, ionosonde transmitter and receiver, the Mawson Signpost and the Douglas Mawson Bust.

This dataset contains temperature and salinity data from CTD observations at Mawson, Antarctica. Profiles to 370m were attempted on an approximately monthly basis between October 1980 and October 1982. A representative value for each month of the year has been obtained during this 2 year period. The fields in this dataset are: observation_date (the date of observation, in ISO8601 format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ. This information is also separated into the year, month, day, etc components) observation_date_year (the year of the observation date) observation_date_month (the month of the observation date) observation_date_day (the day of the observation date) depth (the depth at which measurements were made in m) temperature (the measured water temperature in degrees C) salinity (the measured salinity in ppt) sigma_t (kgm^-3)

Tides are measured using a submerged pressure type gauge secured in a heavy concrete mooring in Nella Fjord in the Larsemann Hills near Zhong Shan station. Tidal records are retrieved from the gauge using an inductive loop lowered through a hole in the ice hence the gauge has been undisturbed since it was deployed. Documentation dated 2001-06-12 Zhong Shan Submerged Tide Gauge The gauge used at Zhong Shan was designed in 1991/2 by Platypus Engineering, Hobart, Tasmania. It was intended to be submerged in about 7 metres of water in a purpose made concrete mooring in the shape of a truncated pyramid. The mooring for the Zhong Shan gauge was cast in concrete at Davis and sling loaded by helicopter to Nella Fjord in the Larsemann Hills and deployed through a hole in the ice. The gauge measures pressure using a Paroscientific Digiquartz Pressure Transducer with a full scale pressure of 30 psi absolute. The accuracy of the transducer is 1 in 10,000 of full scale over the calibrated temperature range. The overall accuracy of the system is better than +/- 3 mm for a known water density. Data is retrieved from the gauges by lowering a coil assembly on the end of a cable over a projecting knob on the top of the gauge and by use of an interface unit, a serial connection can be established to the gauge. Time setting and data retrieval can be then achieved. Data has been retrieved from this gauge once since deployment. The records are complete since deployment. Conversion of raw data to tidal records is done as detailed in document: Details of Conversion of Raw Data. Levelling One attempts has been made at establishing an absolute height for this gauge using timed water level measurements. Documentation dated 2008-10-17 Zhong Shan. The battery in the submerged gauge at Zhong Shan has probably been exhausted. The gauge will be removed at an opportune time. The gauge has not recently been download. There will still be some records available.

Current meter S4_212b is one of four current meters deployed off the coast of Casey Station, Australian Antarctic Territory. S4_211a was located in Shannon Bay at 66 degrees 16.727 minutes South, 110 degrees 31.434 minutes West. Further deployment details can be found in the 'Mooring Details' section of the data, as well as a 'Location Map'. The data includes: current speed components, current speed and current direction, a progressive vector diagram of displacement, and water temperature. The data were recorded by the Australian Antarctic Division, and processed by Oceanographic Field Services Pty Ltd. Data was recorded between 3:30am 18 November 1997 (GMT) and 7:30am 29 December 1998 (GMT). The fields in this dataset include: Date Time Speed (centimetres per second) Direction (degrees) Temperature (degrees)

Current meter S4_211b is one of four current meters deployed off the coast of Casey Station, Australian Antarctic Territory. S4_211a was located in Shannon Bay at 66 degrees 16.727 minutes South, 110 degrees 31.434 minutes West. Further deployment details can be found in the 'Mooring Details' section of the data, as well as a 'Location Map'. The data includes: current speed components, current speed and current direction, a progressive vector diagram of displacement, and water temperature. The data were recorded by the Australian Antarctic Division, and processed by Oceanographic Field Services Pty Ltd. Data was recorded between 3:30am 18 November 1997 (GMT) and 7:30am 29 December 1998 (GMT). The fields in this dataset include: Date Time Speed (centimetres per second) Direction (degrees) Temperature (degrees)

Current meter S4_212a is one of four current meters deployed off the coast of Casey Station, Australian Antarctic Territory. S4_211a was located in Shannon Bay at 66 degrees 16.727 minutes South, 110 degrees 31.434 minutes West. Further deployment details can be found in the 'Mooring Details' section of the data, as well as a 'Location Map'. The data includes: current speed components, current speed and current direction, a progressive vector diagram of displacement, and water temperature. The data were recorded by the Australian Antarctic Division, and processed by Oceanographic Field Services Pty Ltd. Data was recorded between 3:30am 18 November 1997 (GMT) and 7:30am 29 December 1998 (GMT). The fields in this dataset include: Date Time Speed (centimetres per second) Direction (degrees) Temperature (degrees)

Current meter S4_211a is one of four current meters deployed off the coast of Casey Station, Australian Antarctic Territory. S4_211a was located in Shannon Bay at 66 degrees 16.727 minutes South, 110 degrees 31.434 minutes West. Further deployment details can be found in the 'Mooring Details' section of the data, as well as a 'Location Map'. The data includes: current speed components, current speed and current direction, a progressive vector diagram of displacement, and water temperature. The data were recorded by the Australian Antarctic Division, and processed by Oceanographic Field Services Pty Ltd. Data was recorded between 3:30am 18 November 1997 (GMT) and 7:30am 29 December 1998 (GMT). The fields in this dataset include: Date Time Speed (centimetres per second) Direction (degrees) Temperature (degrees)