FireTools Cloud is a web-based GIS processing environment developed by the NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, a NSW focused research partnership between the NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, the University of Wollongong, Western Sydney University, the University of NSW, the University of Tasmania, the University of Melbourne and the NSW Rural Fire Service. It is designed to replicate and replace the functionality of the FireTools II ArcGIS processing plugin to assist in fire management planning. Users upload a datapack containing the GIS files used to run a standard FireTools II analysis, configure the layers and fields that define the analysis, and submit the analysis for processing. After processing is complete, users can download a results pack containing GIS files with analysis results. Selected results are distributed for use as described below. Results are true and correct only for the reserves within the NPWS Southern Ranges Branch. Fire history outside the reserves is incomplete so results should not be relied upon. Layers in this data package: Heritage threshold status: Input vegetation classified into LongUnburnt, WithinThreshold, Vulnerable, TooFrequentlyBurnt, Unknown and NoFireRegime (raster and vector). This layer is used to monitor the status of vegetation across the study area with respect to its biodiversity-related impacts of fire. Number of times burnt: The number of times any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire: The number of years since any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire SFAZ: The number of years since any given Strategic Fire Advantage Zone (SFAZ) within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history. This is then classified into 3 time slices whereby 0-6 years = Recently Treated, 7-10 years = Monitor OFH in the field and >10 years = Priority for Assessment and Treatment. (raster and vector). This layer is used to find candidate burn blocks to assess for addition into a hazard reduction program of works. Vegcode: A simple display layer showing the input vegetation groups over the study area. This is not a fully attributed vegetation layer – it is designed as a simple visual (raster only). VegBase. This is a copy of the input veg used, showing just the VEG code, MIN, MAX. Can be used to analyse what is driving results in a given location. Data is updated up to 4 times per year.

FireTools Cloud is a web-based GIS processing environment developed by the NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, a NSW focused research partnership between the NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, the University of Wollongong, Western Sydney University, the University of NSW, the University of Tasmania, the University of Melbourne and the NSW Rural Fire Service. It is designed to replicate and replace the functionality of the FireTools II ArcGIS processing plugin to assist in fire management planning. Users upload a datapack containing the GIS files used to run a standard FireTools II analysis, configure the layers and fields that define the analysis, and submit the analysis for processing. After processing is complete, users can download a results pack containing GIS files with analysis results. Selected results are distributed for use as described below. Results are true and correct only for the reserves within the NPWS South Coast Branch. Fire history outside the reserves is incomplete so results should not be relied upon. Layers in this data package: Heritage threshold status: Input vegetation classified into LongUnburnt, WithinThreshold, Vulnerable, TooFrequentlyBurnt, Unknown and NoFireRegime (raster and vector). This layer is used to monitor the status of vegetation across the study area with respect to its biodiversity-related impacts of fire. Number of times burnt: The number of times any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire: The number of years since any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire SFAZ: The number of years since any given Strategic Fire Advantage Zone (SFAZ) within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history. This is then classified into 3 time slices whereby 0-6 years = Recently Treated, 7-10 years = Monitor OFH in the field and >10 years = Priority for Assessment and Treatment. (raster and vector). This layer is used to find candidate burn blocks to assess for addition into a hazard reduction program of works. Vegcode: A simple display layer showing the input vegetation groups over the study area. This is not a fully attributed vegetation layer – it is designed as a simple visual (raster only). VegBase. This is a copy of the input veg used, showing just the VEG code, MIN, MAX. Can be used to analyse what is driving results in a given location. Data is updated up to 4 times per year.

FireTools Cloud is a web-based GIS processing environment developed by the NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, a NSW focused research partnership between the NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, the University of Wollongong, Western Sydney University, the University of NSW, the University of Tasmania, the University of Melbourne and the NSW Rural Fire Service. It is designed to replicate and replace the functionality of the FireTools II ArcGIS processing plugin to assist in fire management planning. Users upload a datapack containing the GIS files used to run a standard FireTools II analysis, configure the layers and fields that define the analysis, and submit the analysis for processing. After processing is complete, users can download a results pack containing GIS files with analysis results. Selected results are distributed for use as described below. Results are true and correct only for the reserves within the NPWS Hunter Central Coast Branch. Fire history outside the reserves is incomplete so results should not be relied upon. Layers in this data package: Heritage threshold status: Input vegetation classified into LongUnburnt, WithinThreshold, Vulnerable, TooFrequentlyBurnt, Unknown and NoFireRegime (raster and vector). This layer is used to monitor the status of vegetation across the study area with respect to its biodiversity-related impacts of fire. Number of times burnt: The number of times any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire: The number of years since any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire SFAZ: The number of years since any given Strategic Fire Advantage Zone (SFAZ) within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history. This is then classified into 3 time slices whereby 0-6 years = Recently Treated, 7-10 years = Monitor OFH in the field and >10 years = Priority for Assessment and Treatment. (raster and vector). This layer is used to find candidate burn blocks to assess for addition into a hazard reduction program of works. Vegcode: A simple display layer showing the input vegetation groups over the study area. This is not a fully attributed vegetation layer – it is designed as a simple visual (raster only). VegBase: This is a copy of the input veg used, showing just the VEG code, MIN, MAX. Can be used to analyse what is driving results in a given location. Data is updated up to 4 times per year.

FireTools Cloud is a web-based GIS processing environment developed by the NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, a NSW focused research partnership between the NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, the University of Wollongong, Western Sydney University, the University of NSW, the University of Tasmania, the University of Melbourne and the NSW Rural Fire Service. It is designed to replicate and replace the functionality of the FireTools II ArcGIS processing plugin to assist in fire management planning. Users upload a datapack containing the GIS files used to run a standard FireTools II analysis, configure the layers and fields that define the analysis, and submit the analysis for processing. After processing is complete, users can download a results pack containing GIS files with analysis results. Selected results are distributed for use as described below. Results are true and correct only for the reserves within the NPWS West Branch. Fire history outside the reserves is incomplete so results should not be relied upon. Layers in this data package: Heritage threshold status: Input vegetation classified into LongUnburnt, WithinThreshold, Vulnerable, TooFrequentlyBurnt, Unknown and NoFireRegime (raster and vector). This layer is used to monitor the status of vegetation across the study area with respect to its biodiversity-related impacts of fire. Number of times burnt: The number of times any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire: The number of years since any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire SFAZ: The number of years since any given Strategic Fire Advantage Zone (SFAZ) within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history. This is then classified into 3 time slices whereby 0-6 years = Recently Treated, 7-10 years = Monitor OFH in the field and >10 years = Priority for Assessment and Treatment. (raster and vector). This layer is used to find candidate burn blocks to assess for addition into a hazard reduction program of works. Vegcode: A simple display layer showing the input vegetation groups over the study area. This is not a fully attributed vegetation layer – it is designed as a simple visual (raster only). VegBase. This is a copy of the input veg used, showing just the VEG code, MIN, MAX. Can be used to analyse what is driving results in a given location. Data is updated up to 4 times per year.

FireTools Cloud is a web-based GIS processing environment developed by the NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, a NSW focused research partnership between the NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, the University of Wollongong, Western Sydney University, the University of NSW, the University of Tasmania, the University of Melbourne and the NSW Rural Fire Service. It is designed to replicate and replace the functionality of the FireTools II ArcGIS processing plugin to assist in fire management planning. Users upload a datapack containing the GIS files used to run a standard FireTools II analysis, configure the layers and fields that define the analysis, and submit the analysis for processing. After processing is complete, users can download a results pack containing GIS files with analysis results. Selected results are distributed for use as described below. Results are true and correct only for the reserves within the NPWS Greater Sydney Branch. Fire history outside the reserves is incomplete so results should not be relied upon. Layers in this data package: Heritage threshold status: Input vegetation classified into LongUnburnt, WithinThreshold, Vulnerable, TooFrequentlyBurnt, Unknown and NoFireRegime (raster and vector). This layer is used to monitor the status of vegetation across the study area with respect to its biodiversity-related impacts of fire. Number of times burnt: The number of times any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire: The number of years since any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire SFAZ: The number of years since any given Strategic Fire Advantage Zone (SFAZ) within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history. This is then classified into 3 time slices whereby 0-6 years = Recently Treated, 7-10 years = Monitor OFH in the field and >10 years = Priority for Assessment and Treatment. (raster and vector). This layer is used to find candidate burn blocks to assess for addition into a hazard reduction program of works. Vegcode: A simple display layer showing the input vegetation groups over the study area. This is not a fully attributed vegetation layer – it is designed as a simple visual (raster only). VegBase: This is a copy of the input veg used, showing just the VEG code, MIN, MAX. Can be used to analyse what is driving results in a given location. Data is updated up to 4 times per year.

FireTools Cloud is a web-based GIS processing environment developed by the NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, a NSW focused research partnership between the NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, the University of Wollongong, Western Sydney University, the University of NSW, the University of Tasmania, the University of Melbourne and the NSW Rural Fire Service. It is designed to replicate and replace the functionality of the FireTools II ArcGIS processing plugin to assist in fire management planning. Users upload a datapack containing the GIS files used to run a standard FireTools II analysis, configure the layers and fields that define the analysis, and submit the analysis for processing. After processing is complete, users can download a results pack containing GIS files with analysis results. Selected results are distributed for use as described below. Results are true and correct only for the reserves within the NPWS Blue Mountains Branch. Fire history outside the reserves is incomplete so results should not be relied upon. Layers in this data package: Heritage threshold status: Input vegetation classified into LongUnburnt, WithinThreshold, Vulnerable, TooFrequentlyBurnt, Unknown and NoFireRegime (raster and vector). This layer is used to monitor the status of vegetation across the study area with respect to its biodiversity-related impacts of fire. Number of times burnt: The number of times any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire: The number of years since any given point within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history (raster and vector) Time Since Last Fire SFAZ: The number of years since any given Strategic Fire Advantage Zone (SFAZ) within the study area has been intersected by a burnt area polygon in the fire history. This is then classified into 3 time slices whereby 0-6 years = Recently Treated, 7-10 years = Monitor OFH in the field and >10 years = Priority for Assessment and Treatment. (raster and vector). This layer is used to find candidate burn blocks to assess for addition into a hazard reduction program of works. Vegcode: A simple display layer showing the input vegetation groups over the study area. This is not a fully attributed vegetation layer – it is designed as a simple visual (raster only). VegBase: This is a copy of the input veg used, showing just the VEG code, MIN, MAX. Can be used to analyse what is driving results in a given location. Data is updated up to 4 times per year.

We used a case study in an Australian wet montane forest to establish how predictive fire simulation models can be interpreted as management tools to identify potential fire refuges. We tested the ability of a topographically based fire prediction model developed by Mackey et al (2002) in the O’Shannassy and Maroondah water catchments, NE north-east of Melbourne, Australia, with fire severity data collected following a large wildfire in 2009 in the same area. We derived our fire severity data from a larger map created by the Department of Sustainability and Environment (2009), using SPOT satellite imagery and the normalised-burnt ratio. We examined the relationship between the probability of fire refuge occurrence as predicted by an existing fire refuge model and fire severity experienced during a large wildfire. We also examined the extent to which local fire severity was influenced by fire severity in the surrounding landscape. We used a combination of statistical approaches including generalised linear modelling, variogram analysis and receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve analysis (ROC AUC). We found that the amount of unburnt habitat and the factors influencing the retention and location of fire refuges varied with fire conditions. Under extreme fire conditions, the distribution of fire refuges was limited to only extremely sheltered, fire-resistant regions of the landscape. During extreme fire conditions, fire severity patterns were largely determined by stochastic factors that could not be predicted by the model. When fire conditions were moderate, physical landscape properties appeared to mediate fire severity distribution. Our study demonstrates that land managers can employ predictive landscape fire models to identify the broader climatic and spatial domain within which fire refuges are likely to be present. It is essential that within these envelopes, forest is protected from logging, roads and other developments so that the ecological processes related to the establishment and subsequent use of fire refuges are maintained. Department of Sustainability and Environment (2009) Remote sensing guideline for assessing landscape-scale fire severity in Victoria’s forest estate. Unpublished technical manual., Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne. Mackey, B., D. Lindenmayer, M. Gill, M. McCarthy, and J. Lindesay. 2002. Wildlife, Fire and Future Climate: A Forest Ecosystem Analysis. CSIRO publishing, Collingwood.

This dataset provides fire frequency mapping for many major bush fires that have burnt within South Australia. It also provides fire frequency mapping for prescribed burning activities that have occurred on land managed by the State Government Agencies (Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Forestry SA and SA Water).

The Fireshed Registry is a geospatial dashboard and decision tool built to organize information about wildfire transmission to communities and monitor progress towards risk reduction for communities from management investments. The concept behind the Fireshed Registry is to identify and map the source of risk rather than what is at risk across all lands in the conterminous United States. While the Fireshed Registry was organized around mapping the source of fire risk to communities, the framework does not preclude the assessment of other resource management priorities and trends such as water, fish and aquatic or wildlife habitat, or recreation. The Fireshed Registry is also a multi-scale decision tool for quantifying, prioritizing, and geospatially displaying wildfire transmission to buildings in adjacent or nearby communities. Fireshed areas in the Fireshed Registry are approximately 250,000 acre accounting units that are delineated based on a smoothed building exposure map of the conterminous United States. These boundaries were created by dividing up the landscape into regular-sized units that represent similar source levels of community exposure to wildfire risk. Project areas are approximately 25,000 acre accounting units nested within firesheds. This data publication includes a geodatabase that contains for both fireshed and project areas: boundaries, size, total annual number of buildings inside and outside of the area exposed by wildfires ignited within the area (based on 2010 housing unit data and 2014 fuels conditions), and percent of the area that has been disturbed since 2014 (2015-2018).,

The dataset provides most recent fire scar mapping for many major fires that have burnt in a given area within or adjacent to National Parks and Wildlife South Australia (NPWSA) reserves. This data set is derived from Fire History mapping. The most recent fire mapping can be used for operational management and planning of fire events and ecological resource management.