This record describes XBT data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2019_V06, titled 'Tropical observations of atmospheric convection, biogenic emissions, ocean mixing, and processes generating intra-seasonal SST variability' which departed Darwin on the 19th of October 2019 and returned to Darwin on the 17th of December 2019 ,consisting of two legs. Leg 1 - Darwin, 20:00, 19 October 2019 to Darwin, 19:00, 10 November 2019 Leg 2 - Darwin, 20:00, 11 November 2019 to Darwin, 08:00, 17 December 2019 A total of 33 XBT casts were conducted over the duration of this voyage (27 XBTs in Leg1, 6 XBTs in Leg 2). Data are stored in netCDF files at CSIRO. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request.

This record describes gravity data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2022_V08, titled "Biodiversity Assessment of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories", which departed Darwin on September 30 and returned to Fremantle on November 3, 2022. This was a continuation of voyage IN2021_v04. The gravity meter instrument is a MicroG Lacoste Air-Sea II. Data are stored in .ENV and .DAT data files at CSIRO. There are 36 files totalling 576 MB of raw data in this dataset. A wharf tie was undertaken at the end of the voyage at Henderson Wharf (in Fremantle) upon vessel arrival using a Scintrex Autograv CG-5. No wharf could be undertaken in Darwin due to personnel restrictions. Note: Due to a Time Server issue on the Gravity PC, data from Julian days 273-297 (i.e. 30th September to 24th October 2022) had to be time corrected, and those files can be found in the "time_corrected" folder which is stored with the raw data. Wharf tie data can be found in "Henderson_wharf_tie_2022_11_03.TXT", which is stored with the raw data. No processing has been conducted on this data. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

This record describes gravity data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2022_T01, titled "Transit: Cairns to Darwin 2022." The voyage took place between September 11, 2022 and September 17, 2022 (AEST), departing from Cairns and returning to Darwin. The gravity meter instrument is a MicroG Lacoste Air-Sea II. Data are stored in .ENV and .DAT data files at CSIRO. There are 9 files totalling 102 MB of raw data in this dataset. A wharf tie was undertaken at Fort Hill Wharf in Darwin upon vessel arrival using a Scintrex Autograv CG-5. Wharf tie data can be found in in2022_t01_gravity_wharf_tie_FtHillWharfWEST_Darwin_17092022.TXT, which is stored with the raw data. No processing has been conducted on this data. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

This record describes scientific split-beam echosounder data collected on the RV Investigator voyage IN2019_V06, titled 'Tropical observations of atmospheric convection, biogenic emissions, ocean mixing, and processes generating intra-seasonal SST variability' which departed Darwin on the 19th of October 2019 and returned to Darwin on the 17th of December 2019 ,consisting of two legs. Leg 1 - Darwin, 20:00, 19 October 2019 to Darwin, 19:00, 10 November 2019 Leg 2 - Darwin, 20:00, 11 November 2019 to Darwin, 08:00, 17 December 2019 The Simrad EK60 split beam echosounders 18, 38, 70 120, 200 and 333 kHz were used to acquire acoustic backscatter data, around the Northwest Shelf station (121.5 E, 14 S) for Leg 1 only. The port drop keel position was set to 4 m and the starboard drop keel set to flush with hull for the duration of the voyage. The EK60 was switched off on Leg 1 (00:45 23-Oct-2019) at the request of the Chief Scientist to reduce interference on the ADCP data. This remained off for the duration of Leg 2. Data are stored in .raw, .bot and *.idx format at CSIRO. There are 174 files totalling 8.39 GB of raw data in this dataset (note that raw_ek60 data was only collected on Leg 1) No Post-Processing has been conducted on this data. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request.

This record describes gravity data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2021_T01, Brisbane to Darwin Transit which departed Brisbane (QLD) on the 11 Jun and returned to Darwin (NT) on the 22 Jun 2021. The gravity meter instrument is a MicroG Lacoste Air-Sea II. Data are stored in .ENV and .DAT data files at CSIRO. There are 28 files totalling 212 MB of raw data in this dataset. Wharf tie[s] were undertaken at Brisbane and Darwin using a Scintrex Autograv CG-5. Wharf tie data can be found in Darwin_wharf_tie_2021_06_26.TXT, which is stored with the raw data. No processing has been conducted on this data. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

This record describes the Underway (UWY) data collected from the Marine National Facility (MNF) RV Investigator Voyage IN2019_V06, titled: "Tropical observations of atmospheric convection, biogenic emissions, ocean mixing, and processes generating intraseasonal SST variability." The voyage took place between October 19 and December 17, 2019 departing from Darwin (NT) and arriving in Darwin. Standard Underway data is continuously recorded, consisting of: (1) Navigation data (NAV): Latitude, Longitude, Speed, Heading, Course Over Ground, Gyros, and Doppler Log (dual GPS instrument). (2) Thermosalinograph (TSG): Water Salinity, Flow-Rate, Temperature, Fluorescence, pCO2 and Optode/Oxygen. (3) Atmospheric (MET): Humidity, Wind Speed and Direction (vane and ultrasonic), Radiometer/Sea Surface Temperature, Pyranometer/Solar Radiation, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Air Temperature, Air Pressure, Rain, Ozone and Trace Gases (port and starboard instruments). The quality-controlled RV Investigator underway meteorological and SST data are supplied to the IMOS AODN where they are publicly available at the "Ships of Opportunity" Thredds server (http://thredds.aodn.org.au/thredds/catalog/IMOS/SOOP/SOOP-ASF/VLMJ_Investigator/catalog.html) for research. From there, they are downloaded by NOAA for their In Situ Quality Monitoring web site (iQUAM2) and made available for satellite SST validation. The SBE 38 SST data are used within the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for real-time satellite SST validation and ingested into real-time SST analyses which are then used as the boundary condition for Numerical Weather Prediction models. The meteorological and SST data are uploaded onto the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) for global dissemination to Meteorological Agencies, and separately supplied to the SAMOS (http://samos.coaps.fsu.edu/html/) Project for air-sea flux research. The real-time SBE 38 SST data are currently (2017) used in the following data products (accessed via the GTS): • International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS R3.0) (http://icoads.noaa.gov/) • NOAA NCEI Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4 (ERSST.v4) (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/marineocean-data/extended-reconstructed-sea-surface-temperature-ersst-v4) • Hadley Centre SST Data Set (HadSST3) (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst3/) • Global Ocean Surface Underway Data (GOSUD) Project (http://www.gosud.org/) • Bureau of Meteorology daily and weekly SST analyses (http://www.bom.gov.au/marine/sst.shtml) • NOAA NCEI “Reynolds” daily global OISST analysis (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oisst) • NASA JPL “MUR” 1 km daily global SST analysis (https://mur.jpl.nasa.gov/) • UK Met Office “OSTIA” daily global SST analysis (http://ghrsst-pp.metoffice.com/pages/latest_analysis/ostia.html) • CMC daily global SST analysis • Ourocean “G1SST” global daily 1 km SST analysis (https://ourocean.jpl.nasa.gov/SST) As part of the underway data gathering system, other datasets are produced (e.g., pCO2, ISAR SST) which are processed separately and have their own metadata records. Data are recorded at 5 second intervals. Near real-time data are available via the link "Visualisation tool for Underway Data." This dataset will be processed and archived within the CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere (O&A) Information and Data Centre (IDC) in Hobart (TAS). Data are available at time intervals of 5 sec (NetCDF format), 10 sec and 5 min (ASCII format). Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the Voyage Summary and/or the Data Processing Report for this voyage.

This record describes the Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data collected from the Marine National Facility RV Investigator voyage IN2019_V06, titled: "Tropical observations of atmospheric convection, biogenic emissions, ocean mixing, and processes generating intraseasonal SST variability." The voyage took place between October 19 and December 17, 2019 departing from Darwin (NT) and arriving in Darwin. Data for 96 deployments (Leg-1) were acquired using the Sea-Bird SBE911 CTD #24, fitted with 24 twelve litre bottles on the rosette sampler. Sea-Bird-supplied calibration factors were used to compute the pressures and preliminary conductivity values. CSIRO-supplied calibrations were applied to the temperature data. The data were subjected to automated QC to remove spikes and out-of-range values. Data for 327 deployments (Leg-2) were acquired using the Sea-Bird SBE911 CTD 24, fitted with 24 twelve litre bottles on the rosette sampler. Sea-Bird-supplied calibration factors were used to compute the pressures and preliminary conductivity values. CSIRO -supplied calibrations were applied to the temperature data. The data were subjected to automated QC to remove spikes and out-of-range values. A Biospherical PAR, Tritech Altimeter, C-Star Transmissometer, WET Labs CDOM, WET Labs ECO Scattering, and WET Labs ECO Chlorophyll sensor, were also installed on the auxiliary A/D channels of the CTD. The collected data were subsequently processed and archived within the CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (O&A) Information and Data Centre (IDC) in Hobart. Additional information regarding this dataset may be contained in the Voyage Summary and the CTD Data Processing Report.

This record describes gravity data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2017_V03, 'Sampling the abyss: latitudinal biodiversity patterns along the base of Australia’s eastern continental margin' which departed Bell Bay on the 15 May 2017 and returned to Brisbane on the 16 June 2017. The gravity meter instrument is a MicroG Lacoste Air-Sea II. Data are stored in .ENV and .DAT data files at CSIRO. There are 30 files of each type totalling 428 MB of raw data in this dataset. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

This record describes gravity data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2019_T02, titled: "Deep seascapes of the Great Barrier Reef: Uncovering submarine canyons and landslides." The voyage took place between October 4 and October 14, 2019 departing from Brisbane (QLD) and arriving in Darwin (NT). The gravity meter instrument is a MicroG Lacoste Air-Sea II. Data are stored in .ENV and .DAT data files at CSIRO. There are 26 files totalling 199 MB of raw data in this dataset. No processing has been conducted on this data. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

This record describes multibeam echosounder data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2019_v06, titled 'Tropical observations of atmospheric convection, biogenic emissions, ocean mixing, and processes generating intra-seasonal SST variability' which departed Darwin on the 19th of October 2019 and returned to Darwin on the 17th of December 2019 ,consisting of two legs. Leg 1 - Darwin, 20:00, 19 October 2019 to Darwin, 19:00, 10 November 2019 Leg 2 - Darwin, 20:00, 11 November 2019 to Darwin, 08:00, 17 December 2019 The Kongsberg EM710 multibeam echosounder was used to acquire seafloor bathymetry and backscatter information around the Northwest Shelf station (121.5 E, 14 S) for Leg 1, and between the Warruwi & Berrimah weather stations in Northern Territory for Leg 2. The EM710 provides a 0.5° by 1° transmit and receive angular resolution respectively. The echosounder's nominal frequency range is from 70 to 100 kHz. Data are stored in .all raw format for bathymetry and backscatter and .wcd format for watercolumn backscatter at CSIRO. Leg 1 contains 56 files totalling 9.3 GB of raw data, covering approximately 483 nautical miles and Leg 2 contains 279 files totalling 129 GB of raw data, covering approximately 1,448 nautical miles. Sound velocity profiles were applied to this data during data acquisition. Bathymetry data contained in *.all format is corrected for motion and position. Tide corrections were not applied to the processed data for Leg 1, but were applied to the processed data for Leg 2. Processed data had outliers removed. Processed line data are available in *.gsf and ascii format, and processed bathymetry and backscatter grids in geotiff format. Additional information regarding this dataset, including further information on processing streams, is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request.