The objective is to synthesize published information on sponge distributions and biodiversities in North-West Australia, with an additional focus on extracting data from Western Australian Museum (WAM) specimen databases and collections, and analysing and collating these datasets to provide an overall synthesis of the sponge faunal biodiversity and distributions of the NW.

Northern Australia has been the focus of recent marine biodiversity research to support natural resource management for both industry and conservation, including management of the Oceanic Shoals Australian Marine Park (AMP). Much of this research has targeted habitat-forming sessile invertebrates and charismatic megafauna, but smaller macrofauna and infauna may also be important because of their roles in ecosystem functions. In this study we characterised the biodiversity of polychaetes collected from four marine surveys to the Oceanic Shoals AMP between 2009 and 2012 from which sediment samples were elutriated (500 μm) to separate macrofauna. We used this species-level inventory to examine several questions related to marine management, namely: (1) do polychaete assemblages vary among surveys; (2) can environmental variables or geomorphology explain differences in community structure; and (3) how do ecological patterns change according to taxonomic resolution (species, family) and functional group (feeding, habitat, mobility)? A total of 2561 individual polychaetes were collected from 266 samples, representing 368 species and 43 families, including new species and genera, as well as new family records for Australia (Iospilidae, Lacydoniidae). Polychaete species assemblages and functional groups showed variation among the surveys, but this was not observed at the family level. Species and family assemblages were weakly related to environmental factors, but functional groups showed stronger relationships. Plains and banks each supported distinct polychaete assemblages, although the latter showed temporal variation. The results provide baseline biodiversity and ecological data about polychaetes on the northern Australian shelf, and these are discussed in relation to marine management strategies. Notably, intersurvey and environmental patterns differ from those of larger sessile fauna (sponges) collected on the same surveys, highlighting the need to consider small macrofauna in monitoring programs of marine protected areas. Citation: Przeslawski Rachel, Glasby Christopher J., Nichol Scott (2019) Polychaetes (Annelida) of the Oceanic Shoals region, northern Australia: considering small macrofauna in marine management. Marine and Freshwater Research 70, 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18060

Northern Australia has been the focus of recent marine biodiversity research to support natural resource management for both industry and conservation, including management of the Oceanic Shoals Australian Marine Park (AMP). Much of this research has targeted habitat-forming sessile invertebrates and charismatic megafauna, but smaller macrofauna and infauna may also be important because of their roles in ecosystem functions. In this study we characterised the biodiversity of polychaetes collected from four marine surveys to the Oceanic Shoals AMP between 2009 and 2012 from which sediment samples were elutriated (500 μm) to separate macrofauna. We used this species-level inventory to examine several questions related to marine management, namely: (1) do polychaete assemblages vary among surveys; (2) can environmental variables or geomorphology explain differences in community structure; and (3) how do ecological patterns change according to taxonomic resolution (species, family) and functional group (feeding, habitat, mobility)? A total of 2561 individual polychaetes were collected from 266 samples, representing 368 species and 43 families, including new species and genera, as well as new family records for Australia (Iospilidae, Lacydoniidae). Polychaete species assemblages and functional groups showed variation among the surveys, but this was not observed at the family level. Species and family assemblages were weakly related to environmental factors, but functional groups showed stronger relationships. Plains and banks each supported distinct polychaete assemblages, although the latter showed temporal variation. The results provide baseline biodiversity and ecological data about polychaetes on the northern Australian shelf, and these are discussed in relation to marine management strategies. Notably, intersurvey and environmental patterns differ from those of larger sessile fauna (sponges) collected on the same surveys, highlighting the need to consider small macrofauna in monitoring programs of marine protected areas. Citation: Przeslawski Rachel, Glasby Christopher J., Nichol Scott (2019) Polychaetes (Annelida) of the Oceanic Shoals region, northern Australia: considering small macrofauna in marine management. Marine and Freshwater Research 70, 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18060

Northern Australia has been the focus of recent marine biodiversity research to support natural resource management for both industry and conservation, including management of the Oceanic Shoals Australian Marine Park (AMP). Much of this research has targeted habitat-forming sessile invertebrates and charismatic megafauna, but smaller macrofauna and infauna may also be important because of their roles in ecosystem functions. In this study we characterised the biodiversity of polychaetes collected from four marine surveys to the Oceanic Shoals AMP between 2009 and 2012 from which sediment samples were elutriated (500 μm) to separate macrofauna. We used this species-level inventory to examine several questions related to marine management, namely: (1) do polychaete assemblages vary among surveys; (2) can environmental variables or geomorphology explain differences in community structure; and (3) how do ecological patterns change according to taxonomic resolution (species, family) and functional group (feeding, habitat, mobility)? A total of 2561 individual polychaetes were collected from 266 samples, representing 368 species and 43 families, including new species and genera, as well as new family records for Australia (Iospilidae, Lacydoniidae). Polychaete species assemblages and functional groups showed variation among the surveys, but this was not observed at the family level. Species and family assemblages were weakly related to environmental factors, but functional groups showed stronger relationships. Plains and banks each supported distinct polychaete assemblages, although the latter showed temporal variation. The results provide baseline biodiversity and ecological data about polychaetes on the northern Australian shelf, and these are discussed in relation to marine management strategies. Notably, intersurvey and environmental patterns differ from those of larger sessile fauna (sponges) collected on the same surveys, highlighting the need to consider small macrofauna in monitoring programs of marine protected areas. Citation: Przeslawski Rachel, Glasby Christopher J., Nichol Scott (2019) Polychaetes (Annelida) of the Oceanic Shoals region, northern Australia: considering small macrofauna in marine management. Marine and Freshwater Research 70, 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18060

Waterbirds and aquatic invertebrates of swamps on the Victoria-Bonaparte mudflat, Northern Western Australia.

The objective is to synthesize published information on sponge distributions and biodiversities in North-West Australia, with an additional focus on extracting data from Western Australian Museum (WAM) specimen databases and collections, and analysing and collating these datasets to provide an overall synthesis of the sponge faunal biodiversity and distributions of the NW.

Abundance and size of the sponge Coscinoderma matthewsi was surveyed at 5 island groups in November 2006: Ugar (Stephen Island) and Erub (Darnley Island) in eastern Torres Strait; and Masig (Yorke Island), Poruma (Coconut Island) and Warraber (Sue Island) in central Torres Strait. These island groups are on average, 66 km apart.Surveys were carried out at 7 or 8 randomly selected locations in each island group with each location at least 2 km apart, averaging 8 km. Each location was divided into 2 sites, approximately 200 m apart. At each site, three 30 x 1 m strip transects, separated by at least 20 m in depths between 7-12 m were quantitatively surveyed for Coscinoderma matthewsi. The greatest dimension of every Coscinoderma matthewsi was measured with a ruler to examine size frequency distribution patterns. For any diseased sponge, the percent of infected or necrotic pinacoderm was noted. Environmental factors were also recorded: angle of the reef slope and percentage benthic cover of rock, rubble and sand. This research was undertaken to:1. assess the abundance and size of a commercial bath sponge species, Coscinoderma matthewsi, at different spatial scales in Torres Strait. 2. identify elements of environmental risk (evidence of disease, sedimentation, invasives).

Sandy beaches on the north and west coasts of Tasmania, and on Flinders and King Islands were sample between October 1996 and August 1997. At each of 102 sites the strandline fauna was sampled using pitfall traps set overnight during the low tide period. A number of physical and biotic characteristics of each beach were also measured.

Two species of sponge were detected in the park in the Abrams Creek embayment: Trochospongilla horrida and Radiospongilla crateriformes. These are both widely distributed and common sponges in Tennessee. Sites on the Middle Prong Little River, Little Pigeon River, Oconaluftee River, and a separate site on Abrams Creek did not produce sponges. It is conjectured that other streams lack sufficient food or nutrients for sponges or they have difficulties dispersing into the mountain streams.