During 1977, many measurements were made of the sea temperature and salinity near Mawson base, taking the readings through the sea ice. Readings for each site were taken at depths that were multiples of 5, usually down to 100m (where possible). Measurements are recorded in log books, archived at the Australian Antarctic Division. Logbook(s): Glaciology Sea Ice Temperature and Salinity, Mawson 1977 Book 1 Glaciology Sea Ice Temperature and Salinity, Mawson 1977 Book 2 Glaciology Sea Ice Temperature and Salinity, Mawson 1977 Book 3

Depth to sea floor and sea ice thickness data measured at various locations around the Vestfold Hills, Davis station, East Antarctica, during the 2018-19 austral summer. Depth to sea floor and sea ice thickness measures in meters obtained using a weighted tape measure deployed through a hole (5 cm) drilled in the sea ice. Sea ice thickness was determined by snagging the weight on the underside edge of the ice hole as the tape measure was retreived.

This indicator is no longer maintained, and is considered OBSOLETE. INDICATOR DEFINITION Measurements of sea surface salinity in the Southern Ocean. Measurements are averaged over latitude bands: 40-50 deg S, 50-60 deg S, 60 deg S-continent. TYPE OF INDICATOR There are three types of indicators used in this report: 1.Describes the CONDITION of important elements of a system; 2.Show the extent of the major PRESSURES exerted on a system; 3.Determine RESPONSES to either condition or changes in the condition of a system. This indicator is one of: CONDITION RATIONALE FOR INDICATOR SELECTION Australian and Antarctic climate and marine living resources are sensitive to the distribution of ocean salinity. Sea surface values are relatively easy to monitor, and therefore can be used as a relevant indicator of the state of the ocean environment. The information provided by long records of sea surface salinity is needed to detect changes in the Southern Ocean resulting from climate change; to test climate model predictions; to develop an understanding of links between the Ocean and climate variability in Australia; and for sustainable development of marine resources. DESIGN AND STRATEGY FOR INDICATOR MONITORING PROGRAM Spatial scale: Southern Ocean: 40 deg S to the Antarctic continent Frequency: Monthly averages over summer Measurement technique: Measurements of sea surface salinity from Antarctic supply ships. RESEARCH ISSUES Sea surface salinity has not been previously used as a spatially averaged environmental indicator. Some experimentation with past data are required to define the most appropriate averaging strategy. New technologies like profiling Argo floats need to be exploited to provide better spatial and temporal coverage of salinity in the Southern Ocean. LINKS TO OTHER INDICATORS Sea surface temperature Sea ice extent and concentration Chlorophyll concentrations concentrations

This dataset contains temperature and salinity data from CTD observations at Mawson, Antarctica. Profiles to 370m were attempted on an approximately monthly basis between October 1980 and October 1982. A representative value for each month of the year has been obtained during this 2 year period. The fields in this dataset are: observation_date (the date of observation, in ISO8601 format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ. This information is also separated into the year, month, day, etc components) observation_date_year (the year of the observation date) observation_date_month (the month of the observation date) observation_date_day (the day of the observation date) depth (the depth at which measurements were made in m) temperature (the measured water temperature in degrees C) salinity (the measured salinity in ppt) sigma_t (kgm^-3)

This dataset contains hydroacoustic results from the Antarctic Division Biomass Experiment II (ADBEX II) cruise of the Nella Dan. This cruise is the third in a series of six cruises, performing a long term survey of krill and other zooplankton distribution and abundance. Australia was to have participated in the Second International Biomass Experiment I (SIBEX I), but withdrew due to resupply problems. ADBEX II is a reduced sampling program of what was to have been sampled during SIBEX I. Three transects were made off Antarctica in the Mawson region of the Australian sector, in January to March 1984, covering a survey area of 70,000 square kilometers. Quantitative and geographic krill distribution, abundance, mean and variance of the krill weight density, and total krill biomass were obtained. Biomass estimates for ADBEX II are given as 3.5 million tonnes, obtained by extrapolating over the survey area used on the SIBEX II cruise (1.28x10^6 square kilometers). Temperature, nutrient and salinty data were also obtained, as well as trawl results. Summary results are listed in the documentation. The fields in this dataset are: pressure temperature salinity volume geopotential samples deviation

The RAN Australian Hydrographic Service have conducted hydrographic surveys near the coasts of the Australian Antarctic Territory and Heard Island and Macquarie Island. Data and metadata for hydrographic surveys by the RAN Australian Hydrographic Service in Antarctica and at Heard Island and Macquarie Island has been provided to the Australian Antarctic Data Centre by the Australian Hydrographic Office. The survey locations in Antarctica were Mawson, Davis, Casey and Commonwealth Bay. The surveys were conducted since December 1993. Generally the surveys are denoted by a Hydrographic Instruction (HI) eg HI176. There is a metadata record for each survey from which the survey data and metadata can be obtained. The metadata records for the individual surveys are linked to this metadata record. The Australian Antarctic Data Centre has also had the soundings digitised from the fair sheets produced from earlier hydrographic surveys by the RAN Australian Hydrographic Service at Casey, Davis and Mawson. Metadata records describe the digitised soundings are also linked to this metadata record.

During the ADBEX III voyage, many samples were taken of the sea ice and snow. These samples were analysed to determine water density, with the results recorded in a physical note book that is archived at the Australian Antarctic Division. Logbook(s): - Glaciology ADBEX III Water Density Results - Glaciology ADBEX III Oxygen Isotope Sample Record

Observations of the sea ice near Mawson were carried out in 1980, concentrating on the thickness of the ice at several points, and the accumulation and ablation of snow/ice cover on the ice. The ablation measurements were carried out by laying 23 ablation stakes out in two fields - a set of eight stakes in a straight line, and a set of 15 in a triangle. Results from both sets of observations were recorded in a log book, currently archived at the Australian Antarctic Division.

Pressure data from RBR loggers on the SAZ project - Sub-Antarctic zone mooring study of interannual variability in particulate carbon export. These data have been collected on cruises from 1997 to 2009. A readme file is included which provides further information. See the parent record for further information.

As part of Australian Antarctic Science project # 4298 and Antarctica New Zealand project K131A, integrated biological and physical observations were conducted including these series of CTD measurements. The objective of these measurements is to quantify the oceanographic conditions at our field camp off Davis Station in November-December 2015. In situ CTD measurements at the thermistor and the ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) sites were deployed using a Seabird-37SMP-ODO MicroCat CTD. Logistics and environmental constraints permitted measurements for seven casts during our deployment at Davis in 2015. The location of the thermistor site is at (-68.57272 degrees N; 77.93273 degrees E), and the ROV site had its origin (x=0, y=0) at (-68.568904 degrees N,+77.945439 degrees E). The software used was the standard SeatermV2 2.4.1.