Mortality at salmon aquaculture facilities is closely monitored. If the amount of dead fish at a farm exceeds thresholds outlined in conditions of licence, a mortality event is said to have occurred and must be reported to DFO within 24 hours of discovery. Facility managers and veterinarian(s) must determine the probable cause of the event and develop a plan to mitigate ongoing harm to the farmed fish and reduce any risk to wild fish. Companies must continue to update Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) every 10 days for the duration of the mortality event, including daily mortality counts, mitigation applied, determination of the cause(s) of the event and any updated plan. This report provides a summary of mortality events reported by aquaculture companies to Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Historical data are available from 2011 to the present. Explanation of the terms used in the report’s column headings can be found in the terminology file below.

These data are a compilation of geographically widespread observations of premature mortality in Pacific salmon across their range in Alaska in 2019. Premature mortality observations primarily spanned an area of western and southcentral Alaska that is approximately one million km2 and included all five species of Pacific salmon. Observations were obtained and compiled in a single database from four sources including reports to a citizen science reporting network (LEONetwork.org), from Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region by community members or staff, traditional media and social media, and directed emails by the lead author. Occasional observations of species other than Pacific salmon were obtained during this effort and were included in the database.

These data are a compilation of geographically widespread observations of premature mortality in Pacific salmon across their range in Alaska in 2019. Premature mortality observations primarily spanned an area of western and southcentral Alaska that is approximately one million km2 and included all five species of Pacific salmon. Observations were obtained and compiled in a single database from four sources including reports to a citizen science reporting network (LEONetwork.org), from Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region by community members or staff, traditional media and social media, and directed emails by the lead author. Occasional observations of species other than Pacific salmon were obtained during this effort and were included in the database.

This report provides summary fish health data collected by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) from randomly selected licensed marine facilities culturing salmon in British Columbia (BC). Results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening are provided, as well as a list of the bacterial pathogens isolated by culture, and whether a pathogen or disease has been confirmed by histopathology (microscopic examination). DFO veterinarians provide a farm-level diagnosis and identify any conditions of note based on these laboratory findings and any other information collected during the fish health audit or reported by companies as a condition of licence. The terminology used in the report’s column headings can be found in the terminology file below. DFO Science is engaged in numerous active research projects examining issues such as fish diseases, wild-cultured species interactions and habitat impacts related to aquaculture. Information on some of these projects, as well as on aquaculture research occurring in other regions, is available on our [website](http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/aquaculture/science-eng.html"website"). Related links: + Infographic: [Monitoring fish health from hatchery to harvest](https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/about-notre-sujet/publications/infographics-infographies/hatchery-ecloserie-eng.html) + Infographic: [How DFO inspects fish health at BC aquaculture sites](http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/aquaculture/publications/infographics-infographie/health-sante-eng.html)

Fish health on British Columbia salmon farms is managed throughout the production cycle to maintain healthy fish populations and to identify and address disease occurrences as soon as they arise. Aquaculture licence conditions set out mandatory monitoring and reporting requirements to ensure any potential impacts are appropriately mitigated at salmon farms. A central component of on-farm fish health management is a Fish Health Management Plan (FHMP). FHMPs are approved by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) and describe the fish health principles that the licensee must follow to maintain fish health and biosecurity at the farm. Both DFO and aquaculture companies have veterinarians on staff (or available on contract, for some companies) to monitor fish health on farms. Company veterinarians oversee routine health screening and ensure appropriate husbandry in day-to-day operations and identify appropriate management measures if fish health concerns arise. Licence holders must routinely submit a variety of fish health data to DFO. Routine reports include monthly sea lice abundance, antimicrobial use and information on [mortality rates](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/85986a45-b71d-4380-8990-d5763fdf19a5"mortality rates"), including the suspected [cause of mortality](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/0a8c5505-ecb3-4d8b-8120-462bd7def6bb"cause of mortality"). Additional reports are submitted if there are elevated mortalities, a fish health event that requires the involvement of a veterinarian or sea lice abundance over the DFO determined threshold. Through the Fish Health Audit and Surveillance Program, DFO oversees the health of cultured salmon to minimize fish health and disease risks to wild and farmed fish and publishes [reports](http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/aquaculture/regs-eng.html"reports") on regulation and monitoring of BC’s marine finfish aquaculture facilities. Sites are [routinely inspected](http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/aquaculture/reporting-rapports/health-compliance-conform-sante/index-eng.html"routinely inspected") to ensure compliance with licence conditions and FHMPs, to verify the accuracy of industry reporting, and to collect samples for [independent](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/6c891715-317c-4d4d-9fe8-ea425e01d9d2"independent") fish health and disease screening. All salmon aquaculture transfers require authorization under section 56 of the Fishery (General) Regulations. Movements of fish to and from farms may be required to introduce new stock, facilitate growth at different life stages or optimize production. All transfer applications are accompanied by a signed veterinary attestation which details the health status of the fish to be transferred and attests to their health. DFO reviews these applications to determine whether the movement may adversely affect local aquatic species and habitats. DFO veterinarians and biologists assess the information gathered by DFO audits and inspections, as well as that submitted by industry to gain a complete picture of the health status of the fish to be moved. Occasionally a fish health concern will be identified during the review conducted by DFO fish health staff. Most often, clarification with the industry’s fish health staff will be sufficient to address the concern; however occasionally additional mitigative measures are deemed necessary to address potential risks. Animal welfare and ensuring humane treatment of the fish are an important consideration when choosing the most appropriate mitigation option. Common mitigation measures include: • Pre-transfer grading to select the healthiest fish within the age class • Humane culling to remove affected fish or “poor performers” that are most likely to harbour disease or unlikely to ingest medicated feed. Poor performers are fish that fail to thrive, stop or reduce feeding, and may be emaciated (long and skinny). There are various reasons a fish becomes a poor performer, including failure to adapt to salt

The California Monitoring Plan (CMP) salmonid monitoring areas and associated population data are part of an ongoing effort to summarize existing and past salmonid monitoring efforts in the areas identified by Adams et al. 2011. These data are compiled and maintained by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife with the cooperation of monitoring practitioners. Updates and associated outreach are intended to occur on an annual basis. Data were created from several sources and existing datasets: some monitoring areas were accurately depicted using the USGS National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), other monitoring areas were approximated using the monitoring point location and the USGS StreamStats tool to depict the watershed area above that point. The areas are intended to represent the approximate extent of sampling within sub-basins, watershed areas, or regions. For example, the spatial extent of monitoring using a fixed count station is approximated by accounting for all anadromous fish habitat upstream of the sampling location. Therefore, the area is approximated by entering the monitoring location coordinates into the StreamStats tool. The resulting shapefile is then examined to ensure the watershed area did not include habitat above dams or barriers to migration. Areas were clipped when needed. The data user should recognize that errors may have occurred during production of this dataset, changes may have occurred to the external sources used post transfer, and for other possible reasons. The population metrics summarized in the associated tabular data may be regarded as spatially limited, temporally limited, and not considered a complete estimate for the population being described. The data user is advised to refer to the annual reports cited in the Source field from the tabular data for additional details regarding monitoring within the area spatially depicted.Abbreviation Definitions: SGS = Spawning Ground Survey, RM = River Mile, RST = Rotary Screw Trap, RKM = River Kilometer, FCS = Fixed Count Station, STH = Steelhead, CC = Coastal Chinook, DS = Downstream

The California Monitoring Plan (CMP) salmonid monitoring areas and associated population data are part of an ongoing effort to summarize existing and past salmonid monitoring efforts in the areas identified by Adams et al. 2011. These data are compiled and maintained by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife with the cooperation of monitoring practitioners. Updates and associated outreach are intended to occur on an annual basis. Data were created from several sources and existing datasets: some monitoring areas were accurately depicted using the USGS National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), other monitoring areas were approximated using the monitoring point location and the USGS StreamStats tool to depict the watershed area above that point. The areas are intended to represent the approximate extent of sampling within sub-basins, watershed areas, or regions. For example, the spatial extent of monitoring using a fixed count station is approximated by accounting for all anadromous fish habitat upstream of the sampling location. Therefore, the area is approximated by entering the monitoring location coordinates into the StreamStats tool. The resulting shapefile is then examined to ensure the watershed area did not include habitat above dams or barriers to migration. Areas were clipped when needed. The data user should recognize that errors may have occurred during production of this dataset, changes may have occurred to the external sources used post transfer, and for other possible reasons. The population metrics summarized in the associated tabular data may be regarded as spatially limited, temporally limited, and not considered a complete estimate for the population being described. The data user is advised to refer to the annual reports cited in the Source field from the tabular data for additional details regarding monitoring within the area spatially depicted.Abbreviation Definitions: SGS = Spawning Ground Survey, RM = River Mile, RST = Rotary Screw Trap, RKM = River Kilometer, FCS = Fixed Count Station, STH = Steelhead, CC = Coastal Chinook, DS = Downstream

The California Monitoring Plan (CMP) salmonid monitoring areas and associated population data are part of an ongoing effort to summarize existing and past salmonid monitoring efforts in the areas identified by Adams et al. 2011. These data are compiled and maintained by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife with the cooperation of monitoring practitioners. Updates and associated outreach are intended to occur on an annual basis. Data were created from several sources and existing datasets: some monitoring areas were accurately depicted using the USGS National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), other monitoring areas were approximated using the monitoring point location and the USGS StreamStats tool to depict the watershed area above that point. The areas are intended to represent the approximate extent of sampling within sub-basins, watershed areas, or regions. For example, the spatial extent of monitoring using a fixed count station is approximated by accounting for all anadromous fish habitat upstream of the sampling location. Therefore, the area is approximated by entering the monitoring location coordinates into the StreamStats tool. The resulting shapefile is then examined to ensure the watershed area did not include habitat above dams or barriers to migration. Areas were clipped when needed. The data user should recognize that errors may have occurred during production of this dataset, changes may have occurred to the external sources used post transfer, and for other possible reasons. The population metrics summarized in the associated tabular data may be regarded as spatially limited, temporally limited, and not considered a complete estimate for the population being described. The data user is advised to refer to the annual reports cited in the Source field from the tabular data for additional details regarding monitoring within the area spatially depicted.Abbreviation Definitions: SGS = Spawning Ground Survey, RM = River Mile, RST = Rotary Screw Trap, RKM = River Kilometer, FCS = Fixed Count Station, STH = Steelhead, CC = Coastal Chinook, DS = Downstream