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Glacial limits - 1M
Yukon Territory has been glaciated by Cordilleran and montane glaciers at various times throughout the Pleistocene, as well as by continental ice, the Laurentine Ice Sheet in the Late Pleistocene. Throughout the Late Cenozoic, each successive glaciation appears to have been less extensive than the previous one. In west-central Yukon the earliest glaciation occurred between 2.6 and 2.9 Ma. ago (Duk-Rodkin and Barendregt, 1997). This glaciation was the most extensive and formed a continuous carapace of ice covering all the mountain ranges, except for a small area of Dawson Range and a more extensive area in northern Yukon. The Mid Pleistocene Cordilleran glaciation was less extensive than older glaciations but it formed an extensive ice sheet covering most of the northern Cordillera. The Late Pleistocene glaciation was the most restrictive and formed a continuous carapace of ice from the continental divide to the Saint Elias Mountains, but only restricted ice caps formed on the Ogilvie Mountains. During the last glaciation, the Laurentide Ice Sheet, flowing from the east, reached the northeast part of the Yukon Territory ca. 30 ka ago. Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection. For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)
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Evidence for limited glaciation in northern Kluane Range, southwestern Yukon, with implications for surficial geochemical exploration
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Preliminary investigation of surficial geology in northern Kluane Range has resulted in new interpretations of Pleistocene ice cover including extensive unglaciated terrain and restricted glaciation during the Last Glacial Maximum. Two glacial limits are identified: a higher limit recording the most extensive glaciation of the area; and a lower limit that records younger, less extensive glaciation. This paper describes Pleistocene limits of the Donjek Glacier and the distribution of surficial materials in the upper Quill, Maple, and Wade creek drainages. The source and transport mechanism of surface materials has particular significance for surficial geochemistry sampling programs and implications for mineral exploration are addressed.
Glacial Limits
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The nature and extent of past glaciations are depicted on the glacial limits map of Yukon.
Glacial Limits Map of Yukon
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The nature and extent of past glaciations are depicted on the glacial limits map of Yukon (1:1,000,000 scale). This compilation depicts the maximum extent of each glaciation and the general direction of ice movement, including the provenance of flows. This map also includes marginal notes on mapping criteria, as well as a list of references.
Using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides to constrain timing of penultimate ice advance in the Ogilvie Mountains, Yukon
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Throughout the Pleistocene epoch, Yukon was repeatedly influenced by glacial ice originating from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet and independent alpine glaciers. The penultimate limit in Yukon has garnered controversy in recent years, as moraines in the central region of the territory were found to be older (MIS 6) than moraines in the southwest part of the territory and Alaska (MIS 4). The Ogilvie Mountains, located east of Dawson City, have proven especially problematic for chronological studies. This study will attempt to test a relatively new dating method on penultimate surfaces in the Ogilvie Mountains; Chapman Lake is the primary study area. Using a vertical sampling method to construct a cosmogenic depth versus concentration profile in outwash gravel, this research will determine whether Marine Isotope Stage 4 or 6 provided the conditions necessary for ice nucleation to build the penultimate glacial surface. The age calculated by the depth profile is supported by radiocarbon ages and macrofossil samples, optically stimulated luminescence ages, TCN boulder dating, as well as detailed stratigraphy of significant sites near the Chapman Lake moraine. The results will help determine the effects of climate forcing in this region and its relationship to the existing glacial framework of the territory.
Late Wisconsinan McConnell glaciation of the Whitehorse map area (105D), Yukon.
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Ice accumulations in the Coast Mountains of southwestern Yukon and the Cassiar Mountains of south-central Yukon during the late Wisconsinan were responsible for glaciation of the Whitehorse area. Cirques in the Coast Mountains likely supported the first glaciers that advanced out of the mountain valleys ahead of the more distal Cassiar accumulation. Glacial maximum is characterized by topographically unconstrained ice flow trending northwesterly over most of the map area. Ice thickness over the city of Whitehorse exceeded 1350 m during full glacial conditions. Deglaciation is characterized by frontal retreat punctuated by periods of dynamic equilibrium and readvances. Differential retreat of the Cassiar and Coast Mountain ice lobes enabled the Cassiar lobe to penetrate, and at times readvance, up-gradient into Coast Mountain valleys. This pattern of deglaciation created ice dams and a series of proglacial lakes that submerged valleys under as much as 300 m of meltwater.
Glacial Limits and Ice-Flow Map, Mayo Area, Central Yukon
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Glacial limits and ice-flow map (1:250,000 scale) of Mayo area, central Yukon (parts of NTS 115P northeast, 116A southeast, 105M northwest and 106D southwest).
Glaciation, gravel and gold in the Fifty Mile Creek area, west-central Yukon
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Previously unrecognized glacial erosional landforms (i.e. cirques, u-shaped troughs, truncated spurs and arêtes, in order of increasing doubt), and glacial depositional landforms (i.e. end moraine and possibly ground moraine) occur in the Fifty Mile Creek area, west of the pre-Reid Cordilleran glacial limit. The cirques and end moraine, representing the best evidence of glaciation, are similar to landforms in the adjacent Yukon-Tanana uplands of Alaska and formed during the Eagle glaciation (>40 ka, or Reid in age). Glaciation caused climate-controlled variations in runoff and cycles of aggradation and incision in the Fifty Mile Creek drainage. This resulted in the formation of upper- and lower-level terraces along Fifty Mile Creek and its tributaries. The terraces are composed of slightly muddy, sandy gravel of locally derived lithologies, and are fluvial in origin. Placer gold occurs along Fifty Mile Creek and several of its tributaries, as well as in the lower-level terraces. The upper-level terraces are potentially placer-gold bearing.
Yukon Targeted Geoscience Initiative, Part 2: Glacial history, till geochemistry and new mineral exploration targets in Glenlyon and eastern Carmacks map areas, central Yukon
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A regional till geochemistry project was completed in conjunction with bedrock mapping across rocks of Yukon-Tanana Terrane and North American affinity in central Yukon. The high mineral potential of the area is based on recent discoveries in the Finlayson Lake area to the southeast, an area thought to juxtapose the Glenlyon area prior to displacement on the Tintina Fault. The study area lies at the limit of the Late Wisconsinan McConnell glaciation. Ice flow was largely directed by topography. Soil profiles reveal a veneer of White River ash and loess over most till deposits. Geochemical results from 285 till samples highlight new anomalies in gold, gold/arsenic (intrusive- and fault-related), copper (veins), copper/nickel (ultramafic rocks) and zinc (sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) and epithermal). An orientation survey was completed at the Clear Lake SEDEX deposit to evaluate the extent of glacial dispersion down-ice from mineralization.
Formation and wastage of neoglacial surge moraines of the Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada
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