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Research of Low Permeability Cover Performance at the Arctic Gold and Silver Mine Site, Carcross, Yukon
The Arctic Gold and Silver Mine Site located on Montana Mountain near Carcross, Yukon (the Site) operated during the late 1960's. After mining operation was ceased in 1969, there remained potential environmental issues with regards to the tailings that had accumulated at the Site during mine operation. A potential environmental issue associated with these tailings is the possibility that Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) could occur. To ensure that ARD reactions do not occur in the future at the site, the federal government (with assistance from consultants) developed a reclamation plan for the tailings at this site. A silty clay material was used to cover the tailings to prevent oxygen and water from entering and reacting with the iron-sulphides to produce ARD. EBA Engineering Consultants Ltd., the Carcross Tagish First Nation and partners, on behalf of Mining Environment Research Group and Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, conducted a study to evaluate the performance of the silty clay cover over a tailings impoundment at the Site between September 2000 and January 2001. Data-gathering equipment was installed at the Site. Three rounds of testing and monitoring at the site were completed to gather data regarding the thickness, oxygen concentrations, temperatures and moisture levels within the tailings and the cover. This report presents the conclusions and recommendations of the study:: - Observations show that the cover system was installed properly and according to the design - Preliminary data show that the cover is working to reduce the amount of moisture and oxygen entering the tailings - It would be valuable to collect more data at the Site to observe trends and see how well the cover systems will work over time in a northern climate.
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Assessment of low permeability cover as infiltration and oxygen barrier to reduce acid generation in mine tailing at the Arctic Gold and Silver Mine Site, Carcross, Yukon
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The production of acid rock drainage (ARD) from mine tailings is a significant environmental concern at various abandoned mine sites in Yukon. Leachate with low pH and high dissolved metals concentrations deriving from mine tailings impoundment areas can negatively impact various groundwater and surface water resources. The presence of both oxygen and water is required for ARD to develop. Therefore, the reduction of the oxygen and water sources from the mine tailings will limit ARD production. This is the basis of reclamation of the Arctic Gold and Silver (AGS) Tailings Site near Carcross, Yukon using a lowpermeability tailings cover which acts as an oxygen and water infiltration barrier. ARD processes have resulted in a significant contamination of the groundwater beneath the tailings impoundment at the AGS site with multiple dissolved metals showing elevated concentrations. The use of a low permeability cover to reduce ARD such as that used at the AGS site is one of the first such reclamation applications in Yukon. EBA Engineering Consultants Ltd. and partners initiated a performance assessment of the low permeability cover system in the fall of 2000 and continued the monitoring in 2001 as part of Mining Environment Research Group (MERG) funded studies. The results of these assessments suggested that the low-permeability cover functions as an oxygen and infiltration barrier; however, the limited data and short period of monitoring precluded any prediction of the long-term performance of the tailings cover. Further monitoring was recommended.
Monitoring of Low Permeability Cover Performance, Arctic Gold and Silver Mine Site, Carcross, Yukon
공공데이터포털
The production of acid rock drainage (ARD) from mine tailings is a significant environmental concern at various abandoned mine sites in Yukon. Leachate with low pH and high dissolved metals concentrations deriving from mine tailings impoundment areas can negatively impact various groundwater and surface water resources. The presence of both oxygen and water is required for ARD to develop. Therefore, the reduction of the oxygen source and the water source from the mine tailings through the use of a low permeability cover (which acts as an oxygen/infiltration barrier) will limit ARD production. This is the basis of the design and recent reclamation (1998-99) of the Arctic Gold and Silver Tailings Site in Carcross, Yukon that EBA has been involved with in association with PWGSC.
Experimental Trials for Restoring Disturbed Sites in Permafrost Areas Using Bioengineering Techniques
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Placer mining has over a one hundred year history in the Yukon Territory. The majority of placer mining has taken place in the zone of discontinuous permafrost. Within the discontinuous permafrost zone, vegetated valley flats and north-facing slopes generally are underlain with permafrost. The permafrost thickness is highly variable and may reach depths of 60 meters. The active layer covering the permafrost also varies greatly in thickness. To access gold bearing gravels, the removal of extensive quantities of overburden is usually required. Once this insulative cover is removed, the thermal equilibrium of the permafrost is disrupted and thawing occurs. This affects the stability of soils and vegetation and slope failure may occur. The extent that exposed permafrost melts depends partly on the amount and form of ice content. As melting progresses, the potential for mass movement of soil increases. Melting permafrost usually results in a wetter environment than was initially present, which further affects the natural revegetation process. Bioengineering is the use of living plant materials to perform engineering functions such as erosion control and stabilization of steep slopes. Although bioengineering methods are now commonly used in the stabilization of steep problem slopes in more moderate climates (Polster, 1997), experimentation with these techniques in areas underlain with permafrost is still required. Advantages of using bioengineering systems are that they can be installed without machine access (which in permafrost areas would disturb the site even more), they strengthen with age, and they are less expensive than traditional hard engineering practices.
Permafrost Considerations for Effective Mine Site Development in the Yukon Territory
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The presence and proper classification of permafrost is essential to mine planning, operation, and abandonment in the Yukon Territory. This paper discusses the current state of practice regarding permafrost delineation and classification, presents information regarding design and monitoring of structures on permafrost (with particular reference to mining), and includes examples of Yukon and other northern mines where permafrost has affected operations. Permafrost in the Yukon is particularly sensitive to disturbance, as it is generally ¿warm¿ and discontinuous. It is therefore extremely critical that planning for new mines include provisions for the proper classification of permafrost on the mine property, as it will directly affect operations and abandonment of the site, with corresponding financial implications.
Geophysical and borehole investigations of permafrost conditions associated with compromised infrastructure in Dawson and Ross River, Yukon.
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The effects of permafrost degradation in Yukon have serious negative implications for the structural integrity of vertical infrastructure. This is especially pertinent for critical buildings such as hospitals, schools, etc., in small communities that are situated on top of warm, ice-rich permafrost. Projections of mean annual air temperature over the next few decades, based on regional climatic models, indicate that air temperature will rise, hastening the thaw of permafrost. The combination of rising of air temperatures and buildings situated on warm permafrost has prompted this investigation into the vulnerability of Yukon Government vertical infrastructure. The application of DC resistivity and ground penetrating radar in conjunction with borehole drilling indicates that in Dawson there is warm ice-rich permafrost beneath the Palace Grand Theatre; the Old Territorial Administration building is underlain by primarily unfrozen sediment; and permafrost under the St. Andrew’s Church is characterized by high variability. A deep active layer was observed at Ross River School and geophysical surveys indicate that warm water drainage from the roof is contributing to the thaw of the underlying permafrost.
Reclamation practices and research on mineral exploration properties in the Yukon Territory
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Reclamation testing was carried out on 3 mineral exploration sites in Yukon: an alpine site at the Red Ridge property in the Whitehorse area, and 2 subalpine sites, a boreal forest site at the Nucleus property in the Carmacks area, and a site in moist permafrost at the Hawk propeerty int he Dawson City area.
Surficial geology investigations in Wellesley basin and Nisling Range, southwest Yukon.
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Results of surficial geology investigations in Wellesley basin and the Nisling Range can be summarized into four main highlights, which have implications for exploration, development and infrastructure in the region: 1) in contrast to previous glacial-limit mapping for the St. Elias Mountains lobe, no evidence for the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene pre-Reid glacial limits was found in the study area; 2) placer potential was identified along the Reid glacial limit where a significant drainage diversion occurred for Grayling Creek; 3) widespread permafrost was encountered in the study area including near-continuous veneers of sheet-wash; and 4) a monitoring program was initiated at a recently active landslide which has potential to develop into a catastrophic failure that could damage the White River bridge on the Alaska Highway.
Aspects of the surficial geology and permafrost conditions, Klondike Goldfields and Dawson City, Yukon Territory
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A copy of this thesis is available at the EMR library – QE195.N35 1981 This thesis is available online at https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/22565.
Thermal imagery and lidar monitoring of ground instability on the Alaska Highway, southwestern Yukon
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Permafrost is integral to the landscape of the Yukon, and influences hydrology and ecology, and impacts infrastructure. Accelerated permafrost thaw due to climate change poses significant challenges, particularly for the Alaska Highway, a vital transportation route. This study investigates how thawing permafrost may relate to ground instability, resulting in cracks and deformations along the highway. Thermal infrared imaging, and light detection and ranging (lidar) mounted on remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), along with ground surveys, were completed at three localities along the Alaska Highway between the White River and the community of Beaver Creek, Yukon. Through these surveys, temperature variations and topographic changes were examined. At many locations, the damage is characterized by a 1 to 2 m-wide subsidence feature running longitudinally along the middle of the highway. Associated with these zones of subsidence are potholes, as well as longitudinal and transverse cracks. In places, the system of cracks extends to the edge and shoulder of the highway, suggesting that the cracks and deformation are currently active features.
2D Resistivity/IP Data Release for Placer Mining and shallow Quartz Mining - Yukon 2010
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This geophysical exploration, conducted by Arctic Geophysics Inc., focuses on the discovery of subsurface conditions in remote wilderness areas in the Yukon, where little or no prospecting information for mining is available. The data should be of value for placer mining and shallow quartz mining. The study was initiated by Yukon Geological Survey as an incentive for investors, prospectors and miners to develop promising new areas for mining in the Yukon. Target areas are Los Angeles Creek, Wolf Creek, Ladue River and Rice Creek. For the investigation of the ground 2D Resistivity and Induced Polarization (IP) were employed. As a result 10,975 m of measuring line have been produced in this exploration.
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