Seamounts have been identified as Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) due to their unique oceanography and ecology; they frequently serve as sites for fisheries and as habitat for a number of species of conservation concern. A mix of isolated seamounts and seamount complexes are distributed throughout Canada’s Pacific offshore waters, although only a subset of these are named. We used several pre-existing spatial databases and predictive models to map all named seamounts within Canada’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), all named seamounts fished by Canada in international waters, and any predicted (modelled) unnamed seamounts in the EEZ. These data are intended to inform marine planning initiatives in BC by providing collaborative, peer-reviewed scientific data at scales relevant to a BC coast-wide analysis.

Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 3-hourly data assimilating reanalysis for the region surrounding the main Hawaiian Islands at approximately 4-km resolution. Boundary conditions provided by the global, 1/12-degree (~9-km) HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Atmospheric forcing generated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the region surrounding the main Hawaiian Islands (wrf_hi) at approximately 6-km resolution. Tide forcing uses the Oregon State University (OSU) Tidal Prediction Software (OTPS) TOPEX/Poseidon global inverse solution (TPXO) to derive barotropic tidal elevation and velocity. Data are assimilated over the previous 3 days using all available observations to improve the model estimate of current ocean state (its nowcast). Assimilated observations may include satellite-based sea surface temperatures from MODIS, AVHRR, or OSTIA; satellite-based sea surface height from AVISO; surface currents from PacIOOS high-frequency radios (HFR); and in-situ water temperature and salinity profiles from ARGO floats and ocean glider autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). While considerable effort has been made to implement all model components in a thorough, correct, and accurate manner, numerous sources of error are possible. As such, please use these data with the caution appropriate for any ocean related activity.

Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 7-day, 3-hourly forecast for the region surrounding the main Hawaiian Islands at approximately 4-km resolution. Boundary conditions provided by the global, 1/12-degree (~9-km) HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Atmospheric forcing generated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the region surrounding the main Hawaiian Islands (wrf_hi) at approximately 6-km resolution. Tide forcing uses the Oregon State University (OSU) Tidal Prediction Software (OTPS) TOPEX/Poseidon global inverse solution (TPXO) to derive barotropic tidal elevation and velocity. Data are assimilated over the previous 3 days using all available observations to improve the model estimate of current ocean state (its nowcast) before forecasts are run. Assimilated observations may include satellite-based sea surface temperatures from MODIS, AVHRR, or OSTIA; satellite-based sea surface height from AVISO; surface currents from PacIOOS high-frequency radios (HFR); and in-situ water temperature and salinity profiles from ARGO floats and ocean glider autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). While considerable effort has been made to implement all model components in a thorough, correct, and accurate manner, numerous sources of error are possible. As such, please use these data with the caution appropriate for any ocean related activity.

The spatial planning framework for Canada's national network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is comprised of 13 ecologically defined bioregions that cover Canada's oceans and the Great Lakes. Note that the geographic boundaries for the bioregions are fuzzy and may change based on ecosystemic conditions. Detailed descriptions and discussions on the federal network of marine bioregions can be found in: - DFO. 2009. Development of a Framework and Principles for the Biogeographic Classification of Canadian Marine Areas. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2009/056 (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/publications/sar-as/2009/2009_056-eng.htm); - DFO. 2010. Proceedings of a National Science Advisory Process to Provide Guidance on the Development of a Framework and Principles for the Biogeographic Classification of Canadian Marine Areas; 15-16 June 2009. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Proceed. Ser. 2009/039. (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/publications/pro-cr/2009/2009_039-eng.htm); and - National Framework for Canada's Network of Marine Protected Areas (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans/publications/mpanf-cnzpm/page01-eng.html).

Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 6-day, 3-hourly forecast for the region surrounding Guam and parts of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) at approximately 2-km resolution. Boundary conditions provided by the wider ROMS model for the region surrounding the Western North Pacific (roms_mari) at approximately 4-km resolution. Atmospheric forcing generated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the region surrounding Guam and parts of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) (wrf_guam) at approximately 3-km resolution. Tide forcing uses the Oregon State University (OSU) Tidal Prediction Software (OTPS) TOPEX/Poseidon global inverse solution (TPXO) to derive barotropic tidal elevation and velocity. Data are assimilated over the previous 3 days using all available observations to improve the model estimate of current ocean state (its nowcast) before forecasts are run. Assimilated observations may include satellite-based sea surface temperatures from MODIS, AVHRR, or OSTIA; satellite-based sea surface height from AVISO; and in-situ water temperature and salinity profiles from ARGO floats. While considerable effort has been made to implement all model components in a thorough, correct, and accurate manner, numerous sources of error are possible. As such, please use these data with the caution appropriate for any ocean related activity.

Non-hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVEs (NEOWAVE) regional tsunami model for Agat Marina along the southwest shore of the island of Guam, categorized by earthquake magnitude and subduction zone. Includes nearshore hazard maps of surge, drawdown, and current for hypothetical advisory and warning-level tsunamis from potential sources at the Mariana, Nankai, Philippine, and New Guinea subduction zones. Data are gridded at approximately 5-m resolution referenced to the WGS84 coordinate system and use a vertical datum of mean sea level (MSL). This shock-capturing, dispersive wave model computes tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation for complex flow patterns in shelf and reef environments. It has been validated with analytical, laboratory, and field benchmarks and is approved by the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. These hazard maps cover tsunamis only; other potential hazards such as wind waves and swells would be additive to the surge, drawdown, and current described by these data.

Description: This dataset consists of three simulations from the Northeastern Pacific Canadian Ocean Ecosystem Model (NEP36-CanOE) which is a configuration of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) V3.6. The historical simulation is an estimate of the 1986-2005 mean climate. The future simulations project the 2046-2065 mean climate for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 (moderate mitigation scenario) and 8.5 (no mitigation scenario). Each simulation is forced by a climatology of atmospheric forcing fields calculated over these 20 year periods and the winds are augmented with high frequency variability, which introduces a small amount of interannual variability. Model outputs are averaged over 3 successive years of simulation (the last 3, following an equilibration period); standard deviation among the 3 years is available upon request. For each simulation, the dataset includes the air-sea carbon dioxide flux, monthly 3D fields for potential temperature, salinity, potential density, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, nitrate, oxygen, pH, total chlorophyll, aragonite saturation state, total primary production, and monthly maximum and minimum values for oxygen, pH, and potential temperature. The data includes 50 vertical levels at a 1/36 degree spatial resolution and a mask is provided that indicates regions where these data should be used cautiously or not at all. For a more detailed description please refer to Holdsworth et al. 2021. The data available here are the outputs of NEP36-CanOE_RCP 4.5; a projection of the 2046-2065 climate for the moderate mitigation scenario RCP 4.5. Methods: This study uses a multi-stage downscaling approach to dynamically downscale global climate projections at a 1/36° (1.5 − 2.25 km) resolution. We chose to use the second-generation Canadian Earth System model (CanESM2) because high-resolution downscaled projections of the atmosphere over the region of interest are available from the Canadian Regional Climate Model version 4 (CanRCM4). We used anomalies from CanESM2 with a resolution of about 1° at the open boundaries, and the regional atmospheric model, CanRCM4 (Scinocca et al., 2016) for the surface boundary conditions. CanRCM4 is an atmosphere only model with a 0.22° resolution and was used to downscale climate projections from CanESM2 over North America and its adjacent oceans. The model used is computationally expensive. This is due to the relatively high number of points in the domain (715 × 1,021 × 50) and the relatively complex biogeochemical model (19 tracers). Therefore, rather than carrying out interannual simulations for the historical and future periods, we implemented a new method that uses atmospheric climatologies with augmented winds to force the ocean. We show that augmenting the winds with hourly anomalies allows for a more realistic representation of the surface freshwater distribution than using the climatologies alone. Section 2.1 describes the ocean model that is used to estimate the historical climate and project the ocean state under future climate scenarios. The time periods are somewhat arbitrary; 1986–2005 was chosen because the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) historical simulations end in 2005 as no community-accepted estimates of emissions were available beyond that date (Taylor et al., 2009); 2046–2065 was chosen to be far enough in the future that changes in 20 year mean fields are unambiguously due to changing GHG forcing (as opposed to model internal variability) (e.g., Christian, 2014), but near enough to be considered relevant for management purposes. While it is true that 30 years rather than 20 is the canonical value for averaging over natural variability, in practice the difference between a 20 and a 30 year mean is small (e.g., if we average successive periods of an unforced control run, the variance among 20 year means will be only slightly larger than for 30 year means). Also, there is concern

Description: This dataset consists of three simulations from the Northeastern Pacific Canadian Ocean Ecosystem Model (NEP36-CanOE) which is a configuration of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) V3.6. The historical simulation is an estimate of the 1986-2005 mean climate. The future simulations project the 2046-2065 mean climate for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 (moderate mitigation scenario) and 8.5 (no mitigation scenario). Each simulation is forced by a climatology of atmospheric forcing fields calculated over these 20 year periods and the winds are augmented with high frequency variability, which introduces a small amount of interannual variability. Model outputs are averaged over 3 successive years of simulation (the last 3, following an equilibration period); standard deviation among the 3 years is available upon request. For each simulation, the dataset includes the air-sea carbon dioxide flux, monthly 3D fields for potential temperature, salinity, potential density, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, nitrate, oxygen, pH, total chlorophyll, aragonite saturation state, total primary production, and monthly maximum and minimum values for oxygen, pH, and potential temperature. The data includes 50 vertical levels at a 1/36 degree spatial resolution and a mask is provided that indicates regions where these data should be used cautiously or not at all. For a more detailed description please refer to Holdsworth et al. 2021. The data available here are the outputs of NEP36-CanOE_RCP 8.5; a projection of the 2046-2065 climate for the no mitigation scenario RCP 8.5. Methods: This study uses a multi-stage downscaling approach to dynamically downscale global climate projections at a 1/36° (1.5 − 2.25 km) resolution. We chose to use the second-generation Canadian Earth System model (CanESM2) because high-resolution downscaled projections of the atmosphere over the region of interest are available from the Canadian Regional Climate Model version 4 (CanRCM4). We used anomalies from CanESM2 with a resolution of about 1° at the open boundaries, and the regional atmospheric model, CanRCM4 (Scinocca et al., 2016) for the surface boundary conditions. CanRCM4 is an atmosphere only model with a 0.22° resolution and was used to downscale climate projections from CanESM2 over North America and its adjacent oceans. The model used is computationally expensive. This is due to the relatively high number of points in the domain (715 × 1,021 × 50) and the relatively complex biogeochemical model (19 tracers). Therefore, rather than carrying out interannual simulations for the historical and future periods, we implemented a new method that uses atmospheric climatologies with augmented winds to force the ocean. We show that augmenting the winds with hourly anomalies allows for a more realistic representation of the surface freshwater distribution than using the climatologies alone. Section 2.1 describes the ocean model that is used to estimate the historical climate and project the ocean state under future climate scenarios. The time periods are somewhat arbitrary; 1986–2005 was chosen because the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) historical simulations end in 2005 as no community-accepted estimates of emissions were available beyond that date (Taylor et al., 2009); 2046–2065 was chosen to be far enough in the future that changes in 20 year mean fields are unambiguously due to changing GHG forcing (as opposed to model internal variability) (e.g., Christian, 2014), but near enough to be considered relevant for management purposes. While it is true that 30 years rather than 20 is the canonical value for averaging over natural variability, in practice the difference between a 20 and a 30 year mean is small (e.g., if we average successive periods of an unforced control run, the variance among 20 year means will be only slightly larger than for 30 year means). Also, there is concern that

Non-hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVEs (NEOWAVE) regional tsunami model for Agat Bay along the southwest shore of the island of Guam, categorized by earthquake magnitude and subduction zone. Includes nearshore hazard maps of surge, drawdown, and current for hypothetical advisory and warning-level tsunamis from potential sources at the Mariana, Nankai, Philippine, and New Guinea subduction zones. Data are gridded at approximately 20-m resolution referenced to the WGS84 coordinate system and use a vertical datum of mean sea level (MSL). This shock-capturing, dispersive wave model computes tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation for complex flow patterns in shelf and reef environments. It has been validated with analytical, laboratory, and field benchmarks and is approved by the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. These hazard maps cover tsunamis only; other potential hazards such as wind waves and swells would be additive to the surge, drawdown, and current described by these data.

Non-hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVEs (NEOWAVE) regional tsunami model for adjacent Agana and Tumon Bays along the northwest shore of the island of Guam, categorized by earthquake magnitude and subduction zone. Offshore data are gridded at approximately 90-m resolution while in-harbor data are approximately 9-m resolution. Includes offshore surge and current based on maximum considered tsunamis as well as in-harbor hazard maps of surge, drawdown, and current for hypothetical advisory and warning-level tsunamis from potential sources at the Mariana, Nankai, Philippine, and New Guinea subduction zones. Data are referenced to the WGS84 coordinate system, and the vertical datum is mean sea level (MSL). This shock-capturing, dispersive wave model computes tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation for complex flow patterns in shelf and reef environments. It has been validated with analytical, laboratory, and field benchmarks and is approved by the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. These hazard maps cover tsunamis only; other potential hazards such as wind waves and swells would be additive to the surge, drawdown, and current described by these data.