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Petrotectonic study of the Teslin suture zone, Yukon: A progress report
The Teslin suture zone (TSZ) forms the fundamental boundary between rocks deposited along the ancient margin of North America and allochthonous terranes to the west. Both North American and allochthonous rocks were ductilely deformed and concurrently metamorphosed under upper greenschist to amphibolite facies conditions at temperatures of 450-650°C and pressures greater than or equal to 6 kbars, probably during Late Triassic to mid-Jurassic time. North-northwest-striking foliation dips steeply in the western portion of the TSZ, but flattens to the east in North American autochthonous rocks. The TSZ in the combined eastern Laberge/western Quit Lake map area is divisible into three distinct elongate structural domains parallel to the NNW-trending TSZ. Domains are identified by the distribution of differently oriented stretching lineations, Le1 and Le2, which formed during non-coaxial ductile deformation, and their associated "motion planes." Le1 trends westward and plunges down dip, whereas Le2 trends NNW-SSE and plunges shallowly. Le1 and Le2 are associated with the same mineral assemblages and formed under similar metamorphic conditions. Silicate mineral assemblages record temperatures up to 625°C, and pressures to 8 kbars; carbonate assemblages record temperatures in the range 350-500°C. The difference in temperature suggested by these assemblages may reflect lower temperatures of ductile flow and recrystallization in carbonate rocks. Elongate lensoidal domains of Le1 are separated from each other by narrower NNW-trending zones of Le2, forming a regional-scale anastomosing shear zone. Two western domains of Le1 chiefly comprise allochthonous rocks, or rocks of uncertain affinity; however, the eastern domain comprises North American autochthonous rocks, previously considered to be unaffected by TSZ metamorphism and deformation. Macroscopic and microscopic kinematic indicators consistently record right-lateral or top-to-the-north movement parallel to Le2. Kinematics associated with Le1 are more complex. To the west, kinematic indicators record west-side-down (normal) movement parallel to Le1; elsewhere, both reverse and normal movement are recorded. Field relations suggest Le1 began forming earlier than Le2, followed by a period during which both Le1 and Le2 formed, and ended with movement parallel only to Le2. These geometries and movement histories indicate that rocks of the TSZ and structurall associated autochthonous rocks record a history of right-lateral transpression along this portion of the North American margin during Triassic-Jurassic time. Movement consisted of early tectonic shortening at a high angle to the ancient margin, followed by a period of right-lateral translation approximately parallel to the Mesozoic margin of western North America.
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The exotic nature of the Last Peak eclogite in the Teslin zone, south-central Yukon Territory
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The history of an eclogite sample and a mica schist sample from the western Teslin zone are discussed in view of garnet zoning profiles. The preliminary metamorphic results support the contention (de Keijzer et al., in press), based on earlier regional and structural arguments, of a structural contact (the "basal thrust" of de Keijzer et al., in press) between the Last Peak eclogite (part of the Anvil assemblage) and metasedimentary rocks of North American affinity to the west of it. Consequently, the eclogite is considered "exotic" with respect to the metasedimentary rocks. The proposed position of the Last Peak eclogite, a few hundred metres above the interpreted basal thrust within the zone of ductile thrusting, explains why it has experienced pervasive amphibolitization (hydration) since fault zones commonly act as conduits for fluid. It is unclear how much of the amphibolite-to-greenschist facies Anvil rocks surrounding the eclogite have experienced earlier high-pressure metamorphism.
Stratigraphic succession and U-Pb geochronology from the Teslin suture zone, south-central Yukon
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A lithologic succession is recognized in tectonites of the eastern Teslin suture zone in south-central Yukon. Metagraywacke and quartzite, marble, mafic metavolcanics, and interbedded metagraywacke and argillite outcrop on both limbs of an upright northwest-trending syncline at Little Salmon Lake. A body of equigranular granodiorite intrudes the basal stratigraphic units. The granodiorite and its host sediments were penetratively deformed during top-to-the-SW shearing and greenschist facies metamorphism. The granodiorite gives a Devono-Mississippian U-Pb zircon age (353 +1.3/-1.4 Ma) which is interpreted as the minimum age of crystallization. This provides a minimum depositional age for these suture zone protoliths. Based on the sedimentary succession and the age constraints, the eastern suture zone protoliths show a clear genetic link to other pericratonic terranes in the northern Cordillera.
Preliminary results of a petrological study of ultramafic rocks of the Northern Cordillera
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The Cache Creek (CCT) and Slide Mountain terranes (SMT), including the Seventymile Terrane in Alaska of the Northern Cordillera consist of oceanic assemblages that have been tectonically emplaced. The CCT has been enclosed by a series of arc terranes, whereas the SMT has been thrust onto pericratonic North America. Detailed studies of ultramafic rocks in CCT, SMT, Livengood Terrane and the Kluane metamorphic assemblage across Yukon, Alaska and British Columbia were conducted at nine site locations. The most common type of ultramafic rock present at these localities is serpentinized harzburgite. The ultramafic rocks from the CCT and SMT have been interpreted as the lower layers from dismembered ophiolite complexes. Samples collected from the CCT are consistently harzburgite, whereas samples from the SMT are both mantle-derived harzburgite and lherzolite. The variety of ultramafic rock present in the SMT suggests they were generated within contrasting geological settings.
Bedrock geology at the boundary between Yukon-Tanana and Cassiar terranes, Truitt Creek map area (NTS 105L/1), south-central Yukon
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The Tummel fault zone, a northwest-trending belt of rocks of uncertain age and/or tectonic affinity, separates Paleozoic miogeoclinal strata of Cassiar Terrane from Yukon-Tanana Terrane metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. Northeast of the fault, Cassiar Terrane comprises pelitic and semipelitic rocks with rare amphibolite, which are correlated with the Kechika Group. These are overlain by carbonate correlated with the Askin Group. Southwest of the fault, in Yukon-Tanana Terrane, Devono-Mississippian siliciclastic rocks are overlain by Mississippian arc volcanic rocks. Granodiorite and diorite of the Telegraph Plutonic Suite (348-350 Ma) intrude the siliciclastic rocks. Foliated greenstone, leucogabbro intrusions, serpentinite and chert occur in the Tummel fault zone. The Early Cretaceous Glenlyon Batholith intrudes strata of Cassiar Terrane. Contact metamorphism recognized across the Tummel fault zone is interpreted to have been imposed by the Glenlyon Batholith. If correct, this interpretation requires that post-mid-Cretaceous displacement across the Tummel fault zone has been minimal (~5 km).
Regional-scale transposition and late large-scale folding in the Teslin Zone, Pelly Mountains, Yukon
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Detailed geologic mapping of the Dycer Creek area and to the north at Last Peak has revealed several major findings: i) rocks of the Teslin Zone and Cassiar Platform are documented on both sides of the fault; ii) regional transposition ST (sub 2) fabrics observed on both sides of the fault are correlative with one another; iii) late km-scale F (sub 3) folding resulted in the modification of a near horizontal regional foliation on both sides of the fault into a steeply dipping orientation. In the hope of better constraining the timing of regional ductile D (sub 2) and D (sub 3) deformation, geochronology samples of four plutonic bodies have been collected during the 1995, 1996 and 1997 field seasons. Initial results of the study are promising as U-Pb dating of zircons from the Mendocina Orthogneiss within the Teslin Zone has confirmed a Devonian age, and dating of monazites from the Dycer Creek Stock and Last Peak Granite has bracketed the age of regional F (sub 3) folding between 113 and 98 Ma. These findings suggest that at least part of the regional deformation may be younger than previously proposed. A copy of this thesis is available at the EMR library – QE195 G35 1999. This thesis is available online at https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/1999-04228.
Glenlyon project: Coherent stratigraphic succession of Yukon-Tanana Terrane in the Little Salmon Range, and its potential for volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits, central Yukon.
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Geological mapping of Yukon-Tanana Terrane in Little Salmon Range has outlined a coherent stratigraphic succession in rocks that were previously described as strongly foliated and lineated mylonitic tectonites. The widespread occurrence of primary sedimentary and volcanic textures and the lateral continuity of the units are incompatible with the previous interpretation of the area. A laterally continuous volcanic arc sequence occupies the core of a broad synclinorium and rests unconformably on disparate clastic units to the east and west. The volcanic sequence is structurally overlain by an allochthonous sheet of distal turbidites. The occurrence of massive sulphide and exhalite within the volcanic sequence attests to the high mineral potential of this largely unexplored region.
Preliminary results on the Middle Triassic-Middle Jurassic stratigraphy and structure of the Teslin Mountain area, southern Yukon
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Stratigraphic and structural relationships within Stikinia, and overlap assemblages of the Whitehorse trough, are investigated in the Teslin Mountain area, southern Yukon. The Middle Triassic Joe Mountain Formation is dominated by a thick sequence of aphyric basalt produced by subaqueous volcanism. The Upper Triassic Lewes River Group displays complex lateral and vertical lithological and facies changes. It illustrates synvolcanic terrane exhumation, with erosion of the volcanic upland leading to deposition of thick volcaniclastic sequences, in parallel with ongoing clastic and carbonate sedimentation in marginal basins. Unravelling the Lewes River Group stratigraphy is critical in understanding the latest stages of Stikinia arc volcanism and the onset of Whitehorse trough marine sedimentation in the Early-Middle Jurassic. Further mapping and analytical work will focus at characterizing the Joe Mountain Formation and Lewes River Group, to determine how Stikinia evolved prior to final amalgamation of the Intermontane terranes with North America.
Updates on the Middle Triassic-Middle Jurassic stratigraphy and structure of the Teslin Mountain and east Lake Laberge areas, south-central Yukon
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Finlayson project: Geological evolution of Yukon-Tanana Terrane and its relationship to Campbell Range belt, northern Wolverine Lake map area, southeastern Yukon
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Geological mapping in Wolverine Lake area has outlined new Yukon-Tanana Terrane stratigraphy, constrained the stratigraphic position of the Wolverine Lake volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit, and clarified the relationship of Yukon-Tanana Terrane to the Campbell Range belt. Yukon-Tanana Terrane comprises two stratigraphic successions separated by an angular unconformity. Beneath the unconformity are polydeformed felsic and mafic meta-volcanic rocks, carbonaceous meta-clastic rocks, marble and granitic orthogneiss. The Kudz Ze Kayah VMS deposit occurs in felsic meta-volcanic rocks of this sequence. Yukon-Tanana Terrane rocks above the unconformity are deformed by only one phase of deformation and consist primarily of carbonaceous meta-clastic rocks and quartz- and feldspar-phyric felsic meta-volcanic rocks. The Wolverine VMS deposit occurs in this succession, associated with siliceous exhalite and baritic magnetite iron formation. Meta-basalt of the Campbell Range belt, included previously in Slide Mountain Terrane, overlies the upper succession of Yukon-Tanana Terrane with sharp contact. This contact has been observed at several localities and it appears depositional. There is no evidence that it is a terrane boundary fault.
Structural and tectonic evolution of the Teslin tectonic zone, Yukon: a doubly-vergent transpressive shear zone
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A copy of this thesis is available at the EMR library – QE195.S748 1994.