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캐나다
Commercial Whale Watching in British Columbia
Description: These commercial whale watching data are comprised of two datasets. First, the ‘whale_watching_trips_jun_sep_british_columbia’ data layer summarizes commercial whale watching trips that took place in 2019, 2020 and 2021 during the summer months (June to September). The second data layer, ‘wildlife_viewing_events_jun_sep_british_columbia’ contains estimated wildlife viewing events carried out by commercial whale watching vessels for the same years (2019, 2020 and 2021) and months (June to September). Commercial whale watching trips and wildlife viewing events are summarized using the same grid, and they can be related using the unique cell identifier field ‘cell_id’. The bulk of this work was carried out at University of Victoria and was funded by the Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction and Response (MEOPAR) Network under the ‘Whale watching AIS Vessel movement Evaluation’ or WAVE project (2018 – 2022). The aim of the WAVE project was to increase the understanding of whale watching activities in Canada’s Pacific region using vessel traffic data derived from AIS (Automatic Identification System). The work was finalized by DFO Science in the Pacific Region. These spatial data products of commercial whale watching operations can be used to inform Marine Spatial Planning, conservation planning activities, and threat assessments involving vessel activities in British Columbia. Methods: A list of commercial whale watching vessels based in British Columbia and Washington State and their corresponding MMSIs (Maritime Mobile Service Identity) was compiled from the whale watching companies and Marine Traffic (www.marinetraffic.com). This list was used to query cleaned CCG AIS data to extract AIS positions corresponding to commercial whale watching vessels. A commercial whale watching trip was defined as a set of consecutive AIS points belonging to the same vessel departing and ending in one of the previously identified whale watching home ports. A classification model (unsupervised Hidden Markov Model) using vessel speed as the main variable was developed to classify AIS vessel positions into wildlife-viewing and non wildlife viewing events. Commercial whale watching trips in the south and north-east of Vancouver Island were limited to a duration of minimum 1 hour and maximum 3.5 hours. For trips in the west coast of Vancouver island the maximum duration was set to 6 hours. Wildlife-viewing events duration was set to minimum of 10 minutes to a maximum of 1 hour duration. For more information on methodology, consult metadata pdf available with the Open Data record. References: Nesdoly, A. 2021. Modelling marine vessels engaged in wildlife-viewing behaviour using Automatic Identification Systems (AIS). Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/handle/1828/13300. Data Sources: Oceans Network Canada (ONC) provided encoded AIS data for years 2019, 2020 and 2021, within a bounding box including Vancouver Island and Puget Sound used to generate these products. This AIS data was in turn provided by the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) via a licensing agreement between the CCG and ONC for the non-commercial use of CCG AIS Data. More information here: https://www.oceannetworks.ca/science/community-based-monitoring/marine-domain-awareness-program/ Molly Fraser provided marine mammal sightings data collected on board a whale watching vessels to develop wildlife-viewing events classification models. More information about this dataset here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X20306709?via%3Dihub Uncertainties: The main source of uncertainty is with the conversion of AIS point locations into track segments, specifically when the distance between positions is large (e.g., greater than 1000 meters).
데이터 정보
연관 데이터
해양경찰청 고래류 처리확인서 발급현황
공공데이터포털
최근 4년간(2019년~2022년) 고래류 처리확인서 발급현황 데이터로, 종류별 고래류 처리확인서 발급건수를 나타냅니다.
Marine Mammal Incidental Take
공공데이터포털
To document interactions and harvesting of marine mammals by fishing vessels in which there is an observer aboard
Overflight monitoring observations of recreational fishing activity on the South Coast of British Columbia
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These data provide the coordinates of recreational fishing boats sighted from aerial surveys as part of the Fisheries and Oceans Canada South Coast Area Creel program to estimate recreational fishing catch and effort. The recreational boats are classed as 1) fishing, or 2) running. Aerial surveys are conducted from float planes approximately every 3-7 days during the peak fishing season according to weather and resource availability. Digitization of the boat sightings began in recent years and complete datasets are available beginning in 2021. The aerial surveys provide a snaphot of recreational fishing effort limited to the short interval the plane was passing overhead and should not be construed as total fishing effort. Due to the volume of fishing activity in some areas, each point represents one or more boats in approximately the same area. The resolution of the observation points is decided by the survey observer. Locations and boat counts are subject to observer error. The total number of boats observed is related to the number and timing of successful aerial surveys which vary seasonally and regionally. As such, results are not directly comparable across regions or time periods.
Gray Whale Survey Data
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Gray whale calf production is estimated from data collected during the northbound migration as whales return to their feeding grounds in the Arctic. Counts of adult female whales with calves are made by observers and used to make the estimates. Gray whale abundance is estimated from data collected during the southbound migration from feeding grounds in the Arctic to breeding grounds in the lagoons of Mexico. Observers record counts of whales as they pass the long-term study site at Granite Canyon, California. Gray whale abundance is estimated from data collected during the southbound migration from feeding grounds in the Arctic to breeding grounds in the lagoons of Mexico. Counts of whales made from thermal imagery recorded during the migration are used to estimate abundance.
Distribution and abundance of whales in the Mackenzie estuary, southeast Beaufort Sea, and west Amundsen Gulf during late July 1992
공공데이터포털
This dataset contains digital data files on transects flown and reported in Harwood, L.A. and P. Norton (1996). Aerial survey data from the southeast Beaufort Sea, Mackenzie River estuary and west. Amundsen Gulf, July 1992. Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 964
Transient killer whale range - Satellite tagging of West Coast transient killer whales to determine range and movement patterns
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Transient killers whales inhabit the West Coast of the United States. Their range and movement patterns are difficult to ascertain, but are vital to understanding killer whale population dynamics and abundance trends. Satellite tagging of West Coast transient killer whales to determine range and movement patterns will provide data to assist in understanding transient killer whale populations. Locational data.
GOAMAPPS Air Marine Mammal Observations
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This product represents the marine mammal observation count data for the 2018-2020 Gulf of America Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species surveys and the subsequent 2022-2023 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service aerial surveys in the northern Gulf of America. File goamapps_air_marine_mammal_observations_forDistribution.csv and both an html and xml metadata file are included. For more information, consult the associated metadata.
Tracking summer migration of humpback whales from Sunshine Coast, Queensland to southern waters 2010/11
공공데이터포털
Satellite tracks of humpback whales tagged off the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia and tracked to Antarctic feeding grounds. Data can be found here: https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/argos/display_campaign.cfm?campaign_id=87 Satellite tags were deployed on adult humpback whales with a modified version of the Air Rocket Transmitter System (ARTS, Restech) and a purpose-designed projectile carrier at a pressure of 7.5 – 10 bar. A custom-designed, 80mm anchor section is attached to a stainless steel cylindrical housing containing a location-only transmitter (SPOT-5 by Wildlife Computers, Redmond, Washington, USA and Kiwisat 202 Cricket by Sirtrack, Havelock North, New Zealand). This superseded anchor design resulted in the anchor section disarticulating upon deployment in order to achieve improved tag retention times while minimising impact. The tags were sterilised with ethylene oxide prior to deployment and implanted up to 290mm into the skin, blubber, interfacial layers and outer muscle mass of the whale. Tags were programmed to transmit to the Argos satellite system at various duty cycles and repetition rates for a maximum of 720 transmissions per day. These transmissions are relayed to processing centres which calculate the transmitter’s location by measuring the Doppler Effect on transmission frequency.
AFSC/NMML: Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program Humpback Whale Catalog
공공데이터포털
Since 1980, the Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program of the National Marine Mammal Laboratory has been collecting photos of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Alaskan waters. Photo-identification is a useful method to gain insight into stock structure, life history, habitat use and movements. Some of the images were collected during humpback whale specific projects while others have been documented on an opportunistic basis. Photos have been collected within Southeast Alaska, along the Alaskan Peninsula, Kodiak Island, the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea sides of the Aleutian Chain, as well as, the Bering Sea, Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea.
Whale and dolphin observations during seismic survey of the east coast of Australia, RV Investigator voyage IN2022 V05 (2022)
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This record describes the wildlife observations data from the Marine National Facility (MNF) RV Investigator voyage IN2022_V05, titled "The tsunamigenic submarine landslides and deep-marine canyons of Australia’s Tasman Sea margin: Causes and Consequences." The voyage took place between May 28, 2022 and July 3, 2022 (AEST), departing from Hobart and returning to Brisbane. This dataset documents marine mammal observations collected during seismic operations aboard. Three trained Marine Mammal Observers (MMOs) were stationed on the port and starboard wings of the bridge, with a third observer positioned at the aft bridge control centre, rotating through three-hour shifts. Observations were conducted continuously from pre-start through soft-start, full-power, and transit stages of the survey.
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