NARSTO_EPA_SS_LOS_ANGELES_PARTISOL_DATA is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Los Angeles Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5-10 Composition and Mass Data product. Data was collected using Partisol Model 2025-D samplers between late 2000 and late 2003 from sites at Downey, Claremont, Riverside, Rubidoux, and the University of Southern California (USC). Samples were collected episodically, frequently for a 24-hour per period, but in some cases multiple samples were collected over the course of a day. Element/metals, nitrate/sulfate ion, and mass concentration data were obtained. The Partisol is a dichotomous sequential multi-filter air sampler. It uses a virtual impactor to divide the air stream to facilitate the collection of fine (0.0-2.5um) and coarse (2.5-10.0um) particles onto a filter media over a pre-programmed collection period. The coarse fraction was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence and mass concentration analysis. Ion chromatography and mass concentration analyses were performed on the fine fraction. The overall objective of the Southern California Supersite (SCS) was to conduct research and monitoring that contributed to a better understanding of the measurement, sources, size distribution, chemical composition, physical state, spatial and temporal variability, and health effects of suspended PM in the Los Angeles Basin (LAB). Intensive aerosol measurements, well beyond the traditional PM2.5 mass, sulfate and nitrate concentrations, were conducted in several areas of the LAB. These included particle number concentrations, size distributions, and detailed PM chemical composition as a function of particle size. Sampling locations were chosen to provide wide geographical and seasonal coverage, including urban source sites and downwind receptor sites. The primary sampling facility, a mobile Particle Instrumentation Unit (PIU), was deployed to several locations to conduct a wide range of PM measurements. Sampling in each site lasted for 6-12 months. Intensive PM measurements were also conducted up and downwind of several freeways of the LAB, to characterize near-roadway exposure environments and to support several in vivo and in vitro health studies. The monitoring activities of the SCS were linked with toxicology studies in the LAB using a mobile PM Concentrator facility to investigate health effects associated with exposures to ultrafine, fine and coarse particles. Finally, the PIU facility was successfully used as a platform to develop, test, and evaluate numerous PM measurement instruments and sampling technologies, including several monitors for semi-continuous size fractionated mass and chemistry, personal PM exposure monitors, particle concentration technologies, and particle counting devices. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

NARSTO_EPA_SS_LOS_ANGELES_AETHALOMETER_EC_DATA is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Los Angeles Aethalometer Elemental Carbon Data. Data was collected between September 2000 to October 2003 at Claremont, Downey, Riverside, Rubidoux, and the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles County, California. The Magee Scientific AE-2 series dual beam aethalometer was used in a mobile trailer to collect mass concentrations of optically absorbing black carbon particles in the submicron size range during September 15, 2000 to October 16, 2003. The Aethalometer collected aerosol continuously on quartz fiber paper and determined the increment of optically absorbing black carbon per unit volume of sampled air every 5 minutes. The overall objective of the Los Angeles Supersite in Southern California Particle Center and Supersite (SCPCS) was to conduct monitoring and research that contributes to a better understanding of the measurement, sources, size distribution, chemical composition and physical state, spatial and temporal variability, and linkages to health effects of airborne particulate matter in the Los Angeles Basin (LAB ). The EPA Particulate Matter (PM) Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address these EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

NARSTO_EPA_SS_HOUSTON_TEXAQS2000_PM_SIZE_MASS is North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Houston, Texas Air Quality Study 2000 (TexAQS2000) Size-specific Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Concentration Data. This file reports size segregated mass particulate data collected with a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDI) sampler during the TexAQS2000 at the Houston Regional Monitoring (HRM) Site 3 and LaPorte Houston Supersite monitoring locations. Daily MOUDI sampling began on August 17, 2000 and ended on September 13, 2000. The MOUDI is a model 100 rotating micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor from MSP Corporation. The Houston Supersite is one of several Supersites that was established in urban areas within the United States by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to better understand the measurement, sources, and health effects of suspended PM. The overall goals were to characterize the composition and identify the sources of PM in Southeastern Texas, to develop and test new methods for characterizing fine PM, and to collect data on the physical and chemical characterization of fine PM that can be used to support exposure and health effects studies. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

NARSTO_EPA_SS_FRESNO_BAM_PM_MASS FRACTION is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Fresno, Beta Attenuation Monitors (BAM), Particulate Mass Concentration Data product. This data set contains measurements taken from two BAMs, PM10, and PM2.5, operated at the Fresno Supersite. The MetOne BAM Monitor measured the attenuation of a beam of beta particles (electrons) generated by a 14ºC source transmitted through an aerosol sample collected on a glass fiber filter tape. Before sample collection, the beta attenuation was measured through a clean part of the tape to obtain a baseline. A sample was collected on the same location on the tape. After sample collection, the beta attenuation was measured through the exposed part of the tape. The net attenuation is proportional to the amount of mass collected on the filter. A mass flow controller controls the flow rate during sample collection at a flow rate of approximately 16.7 l/min. The mass concentration of the collected aerosol was determined from the net attenuation, the sample air flow, the sample time, and the attenuation coefficient for the instrument. The Fresno Supersite is one of several Supersites established in urban areas within the United States by the EPA to better understand the measurement, sources, and health effects of suspended particulate matter (PM). The site is located at 3425 First Street, approximately 1 km north of the downtown commercial district. First Street was a four-lane artery with moderate traffic levels. Commercial establishments, office buildings, churches, and schools were located north and south of the monitor. Medium-density single-family homes and some apartments were located in the blocks to the east and west of First Street. The Fresno Supersite began operation in May of 1999.The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

NARSTO_EPA_SS_FRESNO_TEOM_PM_MASS is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Fresno, tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) Particulate Mass Concentration Data product. This data set contains measurements taken from two TEOM operated at the Fresno supersite from July 10, 1999. One TEOM samples through an impactor size-selective inlet to collect particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 m at a flow rate of 16.7 liters/min. The other TEOM samples through a cyclone size-selective inlet to collect particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 m at a flow rate of 16.7 liters/ min. Both TEOMs operate with inlets heated to 50º C to remove water vapor and other volatile species so that the measured concentrations are for the dry ambient aerosol. Both TEOMs report 5 minute samples. The Fresno Supersite is one of several Supersites established in urban areas within the United States by the EPA to better understand the measurement, sources, and health effects of suspended particulate matter (PM). The site is located at 3425 First Street, approximately 1 km north of the downtown commercial district. First Street was a four-lane artery with moderate traffic levels. Commercial establishments, office buildings, churches, and schools were located north and south of the monitor. Medium-density single-family homes and some apartments were located in the blocks to the east and west of First Street. The Fresno Supersite began operation in May of 1999.The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

The NARSTO_EPA_SS_FRESNO_PM25_NO3_SO4 is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Fresno, Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 Particulate Nitrate and Sulfate Data. This data set contains measurements taken from two nitrate monitors and one sulfate monitor operated at the Fresno Supersite. The sample collection time for all instruments was 8 minutes. The sample analysis time was 2 minutes. Data were output once every 10 minutes. The Rupprecht and Patashnick (R&P) Ambient Particulate Nitrate Monitor measured the amount of particulate nitrate in an air sample at a nearly continuous rate. The Rupprecht and Patashnick (R&P) Ambient Particulate Sulfate Monitor measured the amount of particulate sulfate in an air sample at a nearly continuous rate. The ambient aerosol was collected by impaction on a small metallic strip. At the end of collection, the strip was heated to vaporize and decompose the particulate matter into oxides which were then measured. The Fresno Supersite is one of several Supersites established in urban areas within the United States by the EPA to better understand the measurement, sources, and health effects of suspended particulate matter (PM). The site is located at 3425 First Street, approximately 1 km north of the downtown commercial district. First Street was a four-lane artery with moderate traffic levels. Commercial establishments, office buildings, churches, and schools were located north and south of the monitor. Medium-density single-family homes and some apartments were located in the blocks to the east and west of First Street. The Fresno Supersite began operation in May of 1999.The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

NARSTO_EPA_SS_FRESNO_EC_PM25_FRACTION is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Fresno, Elemental Carbon in 2.5 um Aerosol Fraction Data product. This data set contains the measurements taken with a single and dual wavelength aethalometer. The single wavelength aethalometer (model AE14) was operated at the Fresno supersite from December 17, 1999 to September 27, 2002. This instrument used a broad spectrum incandescent lamp to illuminate the collected aerosol. Aerosol samples were collected for five minute periods. The air sample was collected through a sharp cut size-selective cyclone to limit the size of particles to aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 m or less. A single concentration of black carbon was determined for each five minute period. A dual-wavelength aethalometer (model AE21) operated at the Fresno supersite from February 25, 2003 to December 31, 2006. The collected aerosol sample is illuminated with light from two light emitting diodes at wavelengths of 370 and 880 nm. Aerosol samples are collected for five minute periods. The air sample is collected through a sharp cut size-selective cyclone to limit the size of particles to aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 m or less. The concentration of black carbon corresponds to the 880 nm measurement. The black carbon equivalent at the ultraviolet wavelength was also determined. The Fresno Supersite is one of several Supersites established in urban areas within the United States by the EPA to better understand the measurement, sources, and health effects of suspended particulate matter (PM). The site is located at 3425 First Street, approximately 1 km north of the downtown commercial district. First Street was a four-lane artery with moderate traffic levels. Commercial establishments, office buildings, churches, and schools were located north and south of the monitor. Medium-density single-family homes and some apartments were located in the blocks to the east and west of First Street. The Fresno Supersite began operation in May of 1999.The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

NARSTO_EPA_SS_FRESNO_PARTICLE_PAC_DATA is North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Fresno, Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Compound Data. This data set contains measurements of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) from a Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor (PAS) monitor operated at the Fresno supersite from September 30, 1999 to December 31, 2006. The ambient sample was measured continuously and averaged for five minute periods. The sample inlet was a tube with an inverted funnel to protect the inlet from rain but has no specified particle size separation. The Fresno Supersite is one of several Supersites established in urban areas within the United States by the EPA to better understand the measurement, sources, and health effects of suspended particulate matter (PM). The site is located at 3425 First Street, approximately 1 km north of the downtown commercial district. First Street was a four-lane artery with moderate traffic levels. Commercial establishments, office buildings, churches, and schools were located north and south of the monitor. Medium-density single-family homes and some apartments were located in the blocks to the east and west of First Street. The Fresno Supersite began operation in May of 1999.The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

The NARSTO_EPA_SS_ATLANTA_1999_CHEM_PM_MET_DATA is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Atlanta 1999 Air Chemistry, Particulate Matter (PM), and Meteorological Data product. This data product was obtained from July to September 1999 during the Atlanta Experiment of the U.S. EPA Particulate Matter Supersites Program. The EPS selected Atlanta as one of the first Supersites Programs dedicated to the study of fine particles (or Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5). The Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) in conjunction with the Georgia Institute of Technology, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department developed and implemented the scientific research plan for this initial Supersites Program effort. The Atlanta field experiment was a 4-week long campaign aimed at comprehensively addressing issues related to the measurement and characterization of fine particles in the polluted or urban atmosphere. The experiment took place during the August 1999 and deployed a wide array of instrumentation at a measurement site located on Jefferson Street in Midtown Atlanta. Goals of the Atlanta Supersite Program were twofold: first, to provide a platform for testing and contrasting some of the newer particle measurement techniques; and second, to provide data to advance our scientific understanding of atmospheric processes regarding atmospheric particles. Specific objectives were: (1) to characterize the performance of emerging and/or state-of-the-science PM Measurements; (2) to compare and contrast similar and dissimilar PM Measurements; (3) to evaluate the precision, accuracy, and completeness of information that can be gained from the planned EPA PM mass and chemical composition networks; (4) to evaluate the scientific information gained by combining various independent and complementary PM Measurements; and (5) to address various scientific issues and their ozone- and PM-related policy implications with this data base. The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program from 1999-2004 designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.

NARSTO_EPA_SS_FRESNO_AETHALOM_MULTI_WL_CARBON is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Fresno, Aethalometer Multi-Wavelength Carbon Data product. This data was obtained between May 1999 and December 2006 at the Fresno supersite. A multiwavelength aethalometer (Model AE30S) operated at the Fresno supersite from May 12, 1999 to December 31, 2006. The collected aerosol sample was illuminated with light from seven light emitting diodes at wavelengths of 370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm. Aerosol samples were collected for five minute periods. The air sample was collected through a sharp cut size-selective cyclone to limit the size of particles to aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 um and less. The concentration of black carbon corresponded to the 880 nm measurement. The black carbon equivalents at the other six wavelengths were also determined. The Fresno Supersite is one of several Supersites established in urban areas within the United States by the EPA to better understand the measurement, sources, and health effects of suspended particulate matter (PM). The site is located at 3425 First Street, approximately 1 km north of the downtown commercial district. First Street was a four-lane artery with moderate traffic levels. Commercial establishments, office buildings, churches, and schools were located north and south of the monitor. Medium-density single-family homes and some apartments were located in the blocks to the east and west of First Street. The Fresno Supersite began operation in May of 1999.The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods. NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.