Collection data for rabbit tissues sequenced for metagenomic evaluation of selected tissues.

The authors screened 1,397 feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, United States, for IgM and IgG against flavivirus during 2004-2006, 2008, and 2009. Positive serum samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). One animal was positive for antibody against WNV in 2004, but all others tested in 2004-2006 were negative. In 2008 and 2009, the authors found evidence of increasing seropositive horses with age, whereas seroprevalence of WNV decreased from 19% in 2008 to 7.2% in 2009. No horses were positive for antibody against SLEV. Being unvaccinated, feral horses can be useful for WNV surveillance.

The authors screened 1,397 feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, United States, for IgM and IgG against flavivirus during 2004-2006, 2008, and 2009. Positive serum samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). One animal was positive for antibody against WNV in 2004, but all others tested in 2004-2006 were negative. In 2008 and 2009, the authors found evidence of increasing seropositive horses with age, whereas seroprevalence of WNV decreased from 19% in 2008 to 7.2% in 2009. No horses were positive for antibody against SLEV. Being unvaccinated, feral horses can be useful for WNV surveillance.

NNDSS - Table I. infrequently reported notifiable diseases - 2015. In this Table, provisional cases of selected infrequently reported notifiable diseases (<1,000 cases reported during the preceding year) are displayed. Note:These are provisional cases of selected national notifiable diseases, from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data reported by the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly as numbered tables printed in the back of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of ongoing revision of information and delayed reporting. Case counts in these tables are presented as they were published in the MMWR issues. Therefore, numbers listed in later MMWR weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. Footnote:-: No reported cases N: Not reportable. NN: Not Nationally Notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. * Three low incidence conditions, rubella, rubella congenital, and tetanus, have been moved to Table 2 to facilitate case count verification with reporting jurisdictions. ��� Case counts for reporting year 2015 are provisional and subject to change. For further information on interpretation of these data, see http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/ProvisionalNationaNotifiableDiseasesSurveillanceData20100927.pdf. �� Calculated by summing the incidence counts for the current week, the 2 weeks preceding the current week, and the 2 weeks following the current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. The total sum of incident cases is then divided by 25 weeks. Additional information is available at http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/5yearweeklyaverage.pdf. �� Data for the Arboviral disease, Chikungunya, and Hantavirus infection disease, non-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), will be displayed in this table after the CDC obtains Office of Management and Budget Paperwork Reduction Act approval to receive data for these conditions. ** Includes both neuroinvasive and nonneuroinvasive. Updated weekly from reports to the Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases (ArboNET Surveillance). Data for West Nile virus are available in Table II. ��ʉ�� Not reportable in all states. Data from states where the condition is not reportable are excluded from this table except starting in 2007 for the arboviral diseases, STD data, TB data, and influenza-associated pediatric mortality, and in 2003 for SARS-CoV. Reporting exceptions are available at http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/downloads.html. ���� Data for H. influenzae (all ages, all serotypes) are available in Table II. ���� Updated weekly from reports to the Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Please refer to the MMWR publication for weekly updates to the footnote for this condition. *** Please refer to the MMWR publication for weekly updates to the footnote for this condition. ��ʉ�ʉ�� Data for meningococcal disease (all serogroups) are available in Table II. ������ Please refer to the MMWR publication for weekly updates to the footnote for this condition. ������ Updated weekly from reports to the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. **** Please refer to the MMWR publication for weekly updates to the footnote for this condition. See Table II for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an aquatic rhabdovirus causing severe disease in numerous freshwater and saltwater fish species. Initially the virus was been found to cause disease in European fish populations starting around 1938 and was first detected in North America in the late 1980s. Of the four VHSV genotypes (I, II, III, and IV), the North American subtype IVb isolates have a broad host range. To determine whether endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, are susceptible to VHSV-IVb infection, juvenile pallid sturgeon and two pallid sturgeon cell lines derived from skin and spleen tissue were tested. Detection of viable virus via a plaque assay and molecular detection of the virus results by a RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) confirmed VHSV-IVb in vitro replication in pallid sturgeon cell lines. Pallid sturgeon were also susceptible to VHSV-IVb infection when exposed to the virus by immersion at concentration of 5 X 10e5 plaque forming units per milliliter (pfu/ml) and by injection at a dose of 1 X 10e6 plaque forming units per fish (pfu/fish) during 28-day long challenge experiments. However, after widespread mortality occurred in all treatment groups, including control fish, it was determined that the pallid sturgeon stock fish were infected with Missouri River Sturgeon Iridovirus (MRSIV) prior to experimental challenge. Nevertheless, VHSV-exposed fish suffered equal or higher mortalities (38 – 48%) than mock treated (MRSIV-infected) fish (29 – 38%) and histopathology samples showed reduced hematopoietic cells in spleen and kidney tissues and hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal organs only in VHSV-treated fish. These results suggest that pallid sturgeon are susceptible to VHSV-IVb infection, but the degree of pathogenicity was confounded by the underlying MRSIV infection. Our data also suggest that pallid sturgeon may serve as carriers of VHSV because the virus was isolated from surviving fish that showed no clinical signs, yet were positive for both VHSV and MRSIV. Research comparing susceptibility of pathogen-free and MRSIV-infected fish to VHSV-IVb is needed to accurately assess the vulnerability of pallid sturgeon to VHSV-IVb.

We conducted a serosurvey of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) for vector-borne pathogens in 2016-2017 that were captured in the Hiawatha National Forest in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. At capture, in addition to age, sex, body weight of the hare and a blood sample data was collected on the ecological land type (USDA Forest Service. 2006. Hiawatha National Forest 2006 Forest Plan. https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/hiawatha/landmanagement/planning/?cid=STELPRDB5106336) at the point of capture. Serology was conducted for antibodies to Snowshoe hare virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, La Crosse virus, West Nile virus, tick-transmitted Powassan virus, Silverwater virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Francisella tularensis.

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a major pathogen of concern to apiculture, and recent reports have indicated the local predominance and potential virulence of recombinants between DWV and a related virus, Varroa destructor virus 1 (VDV). However, little is known about the frequency and titer of VDV and recombinants relative to DWV generally. In this study, I assessed the relative occurrence and titer of DWV and VDV in public RNA-seq accessions of honey bee using a rapid, kmer-based approach. Three recombinant types were detectable graphically and corroborated by de novo assembly. Recombination breakpoints did not disrupt the capsid-encoding region, consistent with previous reports, and both VDV- and DWV-derived capsids were observed in recombinant backgrounds. High abundance of VDV kmers was largely restricted to recombinant forms. Non-metric multidimensional scaling identified genotypic clusters among DWV isolates, which was corroborated by read mapping and consensus generation. The recently described DWV-C lineage was not detected in the searched accessions. The data further highlight the utility of high-throughput sequencing to monitor viral polymorphisms and statistically test biological predictors of titer, and point to the need for consistent methodologies and sampling schemes.

This dataset includes epidemiology, clinical signs, gross and microscopic pathology, and virology data from two red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and one fisher (Pekania pennanti) submitted to the USGS-National Wildlife Health Center for cause-of-death determination and confirmed positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 by USDA’s National Veterinary Services Laboratories. The foxes were juveniles from North Dakota and the fisher was an adult from Wisconsin. Clinical signs included neurological deficits such as ataxia, lethargy, or paralysis. Gross and microscopic lesions included myocardial pallor, pulmonary and hepatic congestion, meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, myocardial necrosis, and hepatic necrosis. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 2.3.4.4 was detected in swabs and/or organ tissues by PCR; genotype B3.1 was identified in the foxes and B3.2 was identified in the fisher. Death of all three animals was attributed to HPAI.

RHD & HPAI cases in Oregon

Only one virus, Avipox, has been documented in wild birds in Hawaii. Here, using immunohistochemistry and PCR, we found that two native threatened Hawaiian geese, one with multicentric histiocytoma and another with toxoplasmosis and one Laysan albatross with avian pox were infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The virus was isolated from one of the geese by cell culture. PCR surveys of other Hawaiian geese with various pathologies, avian pox cases, and pox viral isolates failed to reveal REV suggesting the virus is uncommon, at least in samples examined. The full genome of the Gag, Pol, and Env genes were sequenced for all three infected birds and revealed geographic divergence of the Pol gene suggesting it to be under strong selective pressure. Our finding of REV in Hawaii makes this only the second virus documented in native Hawaiian birds associated with pathology. Moreover, the presence of REV in a pelagic seabird is unusual. Future surveys should seek the reservoir of the virus in efforts to trace its origins.