This dataset contains global surface water partial pressure of CO2 data, pCO2w data, and sea-air CO2 fluxes based on the extremely randomized trees or extra trees, ET machine learning approach. The products are labeled as AOML_ET. The outputs are monthly pCO2 and sea-air CO2 flux fields at 1°x1° resolution covering the global ocean from 1998 to 2023. The results of several different permutations of AOML-ET are provided. They all use the following predictor variables at monthly and at 1°x1° resolution. The variables are time, location, sea surface temperature, SST, sea surface salinity, SSS, mixed layer depth, MLD, and chlorophyll-a, chl-a. The training is performed on the v2020 and v2023 releases of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.SOCATinfo). The sea-air CO2 fluxes are computed from the air-sea CO2 partial pressure difference, ∆pCO2, and a bulk gas transfer formulation with windspeed. This data holding includes files of the monthly 1°x1° predictor variables. Several AOML_ET products are provided in this accession. SOCATv2020 and SOCATv2023 are used for training; pCO2w and ∆pCO2 are target variables; two different datasets for air CO2 are used for the calculation of sea-air CO2 fluxes, and three different gas exchange parameterizations are applied to determine the sea-air CO2 fluxes. Details are found in the readme file.

This dataset contains continuous monthly maps of sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the coastal ocean from 1982 to 2020. This product is an updated version of the coastal product of Laruelle et al. (2017) and has been created using a 2-step Self Organizing Maps (SOM) and Feed Forward Network (FFN) method and uses ~ 18 million direct observations from the latest release of the Surface Ocean CO2 database (SOCATv2022, Bakker et al., 2014, 2022). In a first step, the global coastal ocean is divided into 10 biogeochemical provinces using SOM, which group regions with similar environmental properties. Then, for each province, the FFN algorithm reconstructs nonlinear relationships between a set of environmental variables (e.g., sea surface temperature, salinity...) and the observed pCO2. These relationships are then used to perform the spatiotemporal pCO2 extrapolation in regions and time periods where data are lacking. The output consists of continuous monthly pCO2 maps for the coastal ocean, with a spatial resolution of 0.25°, covering the 1982-2020 period. Additionally, this new coastal pCO2 product is used to generate a new coastal air-sea CO2 exchange (FCO2) product for each grid cell at the monthly time scale from 1982 to 2020 using the following equation: FCO2=k∙K0∙∆pCO2∙(1-ice) where FCO2 represents the coastal air-sea CO2 exchange (in mol C m-2 yr-1). By convention a positive FCO2 value corresponds to a CO2 source for the atmosphere. ∆pCO2 represents the difference between the oceanic pCO2 and the atmospheric pCO2 (in atm). K0 (mol C m-3 atm-1) represents the CO2 solubility in sea water which is a function of SST and SSS following the equation of Weiss et al. (1974). k represents the gas exchange transfer velocity (m yr-1) which is a function of the second moment of the wind speed and is calculated using the equation of Ho et al. (2011) and the Schmidt number based on the equation of Wanninkhof et al. (2014). The sea-ice coverage is represented by the term ice and has no units.

This dataset includes time series data collected from Polaris II in the South Pacific Ocean from 2006-08-29 to 2006-10-24. These data include Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY and SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement and thermosalinographs. These data were collected by Kim I. Currie of National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) as part of the Munida_TS_RV_Polaris_II dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 61P220060829 The Global CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project involves international groups from 18 countries who have mounted sensors on moored buoys to provide high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary layer and surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project is coordinated by UNESCO International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP).

This dataset includes Surface underway, biological, chemical, optical and physical data collected from NATHANIEL B. PALMER in the South Pacific Ocean and Southern Oceans (> 60 degrees South) from 1997-11-25 to 1997-12-08. These data include CHLOROPHYLL, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, FLUORESCENCE, PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR), Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, SIGMA-T, WATER TEMPERATURE, nitrate + nitrite content (concentration), phosphate and silicate. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and PAR Sensor. These data were collected by Stewart C. Sutherland and Taro Takahashi of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) and Burke Hales of Oregon State CEOAS (OSU-CEOAS) as part of the TOW3 (LPSS), TOW4 (LPSS) LDEO Pumping SeaSoar Expedition Data, TOW5-1 (LPSS) LDEO Pumping SeaSoar Expedition Data and TOW6 (LPSS) LDEO Pumping SeaSoar Expedition Data dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 320619971207, TOW3 (LPSS), TOW4 (LPSS) and TOW5-1 (LPSS)

This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from MIRAI in the Bismarck Sea, North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean from 2011-12-20 to 2012-02-09. These data include BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, WIND DIRECTION and WIND SPEED. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer. These data were collected by Akihiko Murata of Meteorological Research Institute as part of the CLIVAR_P10_2011_Underway dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 49NZ20111220

This dataset consists of the GLODAPv2.2023 data product composed of data from 1108 scientific cruises covering the global ocean between 1972 and 2021. It includes full depth discrete bottle measurements of salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TAlk), CO2 fugacity (fCO2), pH, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4), SF6, and various isotopes and organic compounds. It was created by appending data from 23 cruises to GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022, NCEI Accession 0257247). The data for salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO2, TAlk, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6 were subjected to primary and secondary quality control. Severe biases in these data have been corrected for, and outliers removed. However, differences in data related to any known or likely time trends or variations have not been corrected for. These data are believed to be accurate to 0.005 in salinity, 1% in oxygen, 2% in nitrate, 2% in silicate, 2% in phosphate, 4 µmol kg-1 in TCO2, 4 µmol kg-1 in TAlk, and for the halogenated transient tracers and SF6: 5%.