The Daily Stream Flow Amounts Data Set contains daily measurements of stream flow for the four LTER stations and for the USGS stream-flow station located on tributaries to Kings Creek. This data set contains measurements from April 1979 to September 1988 for the USGS station, and from June 1985 to December 1987 for the 4 LTER stations. Five stream-flow gauges were placed across creeks in the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) section of the FIFE study area. Four of these five stations were maintained and monitored by the LTER staff while the fifth was part of the USGS network of stream flow gauges. The V-throated flume and standpipes used at the LTER weirs operated on the principle that the height of the water level in a standpipe at a specific location within a weir of known dimensions can be converted to volume of water in the stream. The change of this instantaneous volume with time could then be used to compute volumetric stream flow. The stilling pipe installation at the USGS stations operates on the principle that the height of the water level in a standpipe at a specific location within a streambed can be converted to volume of water in the stream. The tracking of the change in stream height with time then enables the calculation of stream flow.

In 2016, non-interpretive streamflow statistics were compiled for streamgages located throughout the Nation and stored in the StreamStatsDB database for use with StreamStats and other applications. Two previously published USGS computer programs that were designed to help calculate streamflow statistics were updated to better support StreamStats as part of this effort. These programs are named “GNWISQ” (Get National Water Information System Streamflow (Q) files) and “QSTATS” (Streamflow (Q) Statistics). Statistics for 20,438 streamgages that had 1 or more complete years of record during water years 1901 through 2015 were calculated from daily mean streamflow data; 19,415 of these streamgages were within the conterminous United States. About 89 percent of the 20,438 streamgages had 3 or more years of record, and 65 percent had 10 or more years of record. Drainage areas of the 20,438 streamgages ranged from 0.01 to 1,144,500 square miles. The magnitude of annual average streamflow yields (streamflow per square mile) for these streamgages varied by almost six orders of magnitude, from 0.000029 to 34 cubic feet per second per square mile. About 64 percent of these streamgages did not have any zero-flow days during their available period of record. The 18,122 streamgages with 3 or more years of record were included in the StreamStatsDB compilation so they would be available via the StreamStats interface for user-selected streamgages.

These streamflow data were collected by the HYD-09 science team to support its research into meltwater supply to the soil during the spring melt period. These data were also collected for HYD-09's research into the evolution of soil moisture, evaporation, and runoff from the end of the snowmelt period through freeze up. Data were collected in the BOREAS SSA and NSA from April until October in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Gauges SW1 and NW1 were operated year-round; however, data may not be available for both gauges for all 3 years.

The dataset contains daily values of hydrologic and physical parameters. These daily values were calculated from continuous (15-minute) data collected from continuous water quality monitors (CWQMs) installed at five gaged sites within the Little Blue River watershed in Independence, Missouri. The data were used as input to regression models to predict Escherichia coli (E. coli) loads. Any data estimation was performed according to procedures described in the WEFTEC 2017 conference proceedings paper "Evaluation of Modeled Bacteria Loads Along an Impaired Stream Reach Receiving Discharge from a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System in Independence, Mo." Periods of missing daily values were due to equipment malfunction, fouling, or poor quality data. Daily values were estimated for the modeling input data if the period of missing daily values was less than 2 weeks, with one exception of a 3-week period at site T2. Most estimated periods covered 1 to 4 days. Although estimating water-quality parameters is discouraged, missing daily values were estimated for this study to maintain continuity for comparison of modeled results among sites. If a daily value was missing for a parameter used in a regression model, then the model would not be able to estimate a daily load for that day, and the estimated recreation-season load (the sum of all the estimated daily loads during the recreation season) would be incomplete for comparison among sites. Of the data values included in this data release, approximately 1.5 percent of water temperature, 2.0 percent of specific conductance, 1.4 percent of dissolved oxygen, 2.7 percent of pH, and 5.7 percent of turbidity daily values were estimated. Values were estimated during stormflows and base flows with the understanding that more uncertainty was introduced with the estimation of stormflow water-quality values compared to base flow because of the highly variable nature of water-quality parameters during stormflow events. If a site had an extended gap in the data that was unable to be estimated, that parameter at that site was considered unavailable for model calibration. This eliminated all CWQM parameters as calibration options at site T4, and it also eliminated turbidity at site T1 because approximately 1 year is missing in the middle of the record. Estimated values introduce increased uncertainty into the models, but this was considered acceptable given the low percentage of estimated values. Daily estimates were based on any partial record of 15-minute measurements for any day for which daily values had not been calculated. If the parameter being estimated was water temperature, the other sites were referenced and considered while making the estimate (taking into account differences in site conditions). Trends in the daily values before and after the missing value(s) were considered while estimating specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity daily values for use in the regression models. When estimating turbidity, similar stormflow events at the same site were used for comparison. For some parameters, other parameters were used to estimate the missing values, such as using the established relationship between dissolved oxygen and water temperature. If sufficient data were not available on which to base the estimation, the daily values were interpolated between days with known values. Citation: Flickinger, A.; Christensen, E. Evaluation of Modeled Bacteria Loads Along an Impaired Stream Reach Receiving Discharge from a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System in Independence, Mo. Proceedings of the WEFTEC Conference, Chicago, IL, October 1-4, 2017.

The Storm Event Stream Flow Data Set were collected during storm events from five treatment areas within the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site located within the northwest quadrant of the FIFE study area. These data were recorded so that the hydrology of the streams draining the tallgrass prairie could be studied. Moreover, these data were collected to determine the effect of burn frequency of a watershed upon runoff. Data are available from June 14, 1985 through December 31, 1987. The V-throated flume and standpipes used at the LTER weirs operated on the principle that the height of the water level in the standpipe at a specific location within a weir of known dimensions can be converted to volume of water in the stream. The change of this instantaneous volume with time could then be used to compute volumetric stream flow. The V-notch, sharp-crested weir used in watershed 1D operated on the principle that water flowing past a point of known dimensions per unit time could be converted through standard equations to volumetric flow.

This dataset represents 19,031 basin boundaries and their streamgage locations for the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) active and historical streamgages from the published dataset of Stewart and others (2006) and its subsequent updates (D.W. Stewart, USGS, written commun., 2011). Only the basin boundaries that were delineated within 15 percent of the basin area reported in the National Water Information System (NWIS) were included in this dataset. This dataset only includes streamgage basins in the lower 48 states and not in Alaska, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico. The basin boundaries and streamgage locations are provided in 18 shapefiles separated by 2-digit Hydrologic Unit Code. The USGS streamgage station's identification number attached to each delineated polygon can be linked to the attribute data found in Stewart and others (2006). The delineated watersheds were made from digital elevation models found in the NHDPlus data suite (version 1, 2006) and based on gage locations provided by Stewart and others (2006). These basins have been used in several USGS studies such as James Falcone's "GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow" (2011) and Xiaodong Jian and others, "WaterWatch-Maps, Graphs, and Tables of Current, Recent, and Past Streamflow Conditions " (2008).

This dataset represents 19,031 basin boundaries and their streamgage locations for the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) active and historical streamgages from the published dataset of Stewart and others (2006) and its subsequent updates (D.W. Stewart, USGS, written commun., 2011). Only the basin boundaries that were delineated within 15 percent of the basin area reported in the National Water Information System (NWIS) were included in this dataset. This dataset only includes streamgage basins in the lower 48 states and not in Alaska, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico. The basin boundaries and streamgage locations are provided in 18 shapefiles separated by 2-digit Hydrologic Unit Code. The USGS streamgage station's identification number attached to each delineated polygon can be linked to the attribute data found in Stewart and others (2006). The delineated watersheds were made from digital elevation models found in the NHDPlus data suite (version 1, 2006) and based on gage locations provided by Stewart and others (2006). These basins have been used in several USGS studies such as James Falcone's "GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow" (2011) and Xiaodong Jian and others, "WaterWatch-Maps, Graphs, and Tables of Current, Recent, and Past Streamflow Conditions " (2008).

The supplemental data presented here contain tabular data (in .csv format) including measured and estimated daily and water-year (1982–2016) streamflow for selected watersheds and estimated springflow at Page Springs in Harney Basin. Daily streamflow data are a composite of measured streamflow and extended streamflow records from short-term streamgages in gaged watersheds. Short-term or discontinuous records in gaged watersheds were extended to the period 1982–2016 using the Kendal-Thiel Robust Line (KTRL) method (Helsel and Hirsch, 2020) and ordinary-least squares (OLS) linear regression. Springflow estimates were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Raw tabular data from this study is available as a Microsoft Excel file and includes two worksheets: “15 Minute Data” and “WY2019 Stats.” “15 Minute Data” includes the raw 15-minute data from WY2019 with the following columns (35,041 rows): Date/Time, Day of Water Year, Stage, Water Temperature, Air Temperature, Turbidity Level, Cumulative Precipitation and Water Conductivity. “WY2019 Stats” is the daily summary data of the 15 minute data for WY2019 and includes the following columns (366 rows): Date; Day of Water Year; Number of Measurements; Minimum, Average and Maximum Stage; Minimum, Average and Maximum Water Temperature; Minimum, Average and Maximum Air Temperature; Minimum, Average and Maximum Turbidity; Daily and Cumulative Precipitation; and Minimum, Average and Maximum Conductivity.

Raw tabular data from this study is available as a Microsoft Excel file and includes two worksheets: “15 Minute Data” and “WY2017 Stats.” “15 Minute Data” includes the raw 15-minute data from WY2014 with the following columns (35,041 rows): Date/Time, Day of Water Year, Stage, Water Temperature, Air Temperature, Turbidity Level, and Cumulative Precipitation. “WY2017 Stats” is the daily summary data of the 15 minute data for WY2017 and includes the following columns (366 rows): Date; Day of Water Year; Number of Measurements; Minimum, Average and Maximum Stage; Minimum, Average and Maximum Water Temperature; Minimum, Average and Maximum Air Temperature; Minimum, Average and Maximum Turbidity; and Daily and Cumulative Precipitation.