In embedded 3D printing, a nozzle is embedded into a support bath and extrudes filaments or droplets into the bath. Using OpenFOAM, we simulated the extrusion of filaments and droplets into a moving bath. OpenFOAM is an open source computational fluid dynamics solver. This repository contains the following Python tools: - Tools for generating input files for OpenFOAM v1912 or OpenFOAM v8 tailored to a nozzle extruding a filament into a static support bath. - Tools for monitoring the status of OpenFOAM simulations and aborting them if they are too slow. - Tools for moving output files between storage locations. (For example, it can automatically move all files to a server, but only necessary files to your hard drive) - Tools for generating images and tables from the 3D time series. - Tools for compiling images into videos. - Tools for analyzing, summarizing, and plotting data.

In embedded 3D printing, a nozzle is embedded into a support bath and extrudes filaments or droplets into the bath. Using OpenFOAM, we simulated the extrusion of filaments and droplets into a moving bath. This dataset focuses on the effect of Newtonian viscosity and Herschel-Bulkley plateau (pre-yielded) viscosity on the extrusion of single lines. OpenFOAM is an open source computational fluid dynamics solver. This work used a combination of OpenFOAM v1912 and OpenFOAM 8 on desktop computers. OpenFOAM input files were generated using Python 3.7. Output files were analyzed using Paraview 5.8.0 and Python 3.7. Associated code can be found on Github: https://github.com/usnistgov/openfoamEmbedded3DP, doi:10.18434/mds2-2392 This data is described in: Friedrich, L., & Seppala, J.E. (2021) Simulated filament shapes in embedded 3D printing, submitted for publication See the file, mds2-2391-filelisting.csv, for a complete listing of the data files that available as part of this collection with URLs for downloading them.

In embedded 3D printing, a nozzle is embedded into a support bath and extrudes filaments or droplets into the bath. This repository includes Python code for analyzing and managing images and videos of the printing process during extrusion of single filaments, pairs of filaments, and triplets of filaments. The link to the GitHub release goes to the state of the code when the paper was submitted. From there, you can also access the current state of the code.

In embedded 3D printing, a nozzle is embedded into a support bath and extrudes filaments or droplets into the bath. This repository includes Python code for analyzing and managing images and videos of the printing process during extrusion of single filaments. The zip file contains the state of the code when the associated paper was submitted. The link to the GitHub page goes to version 1.0.0, which is the same as the code attached here. From there, you can also access the current state of the code.Associated with: L. Friedrich, R. Gunther, J. Seppala, Suppression of filament defects in embedded 3D printing, 2022, submitted for publication

Polymers used in 3D printing are known to emit hazardous materials when heated. While the emissions from pristine polymers and some filaments have been studied, many filaments contain additives that may influence their hazardous emissions. This research used a variety of commercially-available 3D printer filaments to assess the possibly formation of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), a class of surface-bound free radicals that have much longer lifetimes compared to their gas-phase counterparts. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to successfully identify EPFRs in particulate matter collected during regular 3D printer use. These findings should influence future studies on 3D printer emissions to include consideration of EPFR formation. These methodologies may be used by EPA's Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP), Consumer Protection and Safety Commission (CPSC), and National Institute of Occupational of Safety and Health (NIOSH). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Hasan, F., P.M. Potter, S.R. Al-Abed, J. Matheson, and S.M. Lomnicki. Investigating environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) emissions of 3D printing process. Chemical Engineering Journal. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 480: 148158, (2024).

The data set contains the details on the thermal degradation that takes place during 3D printing of six commercially-available 3D printer filaments containing either carbon nanotubes or metal particle additives. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are measured and used to develop reaction mechanisms. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Potter, P.M., S.R. Al-Abed, F. Hasan, and S.M. Lomnicki. Influence of polymer additives on gas-phase emissions from 3D printer filaments. CHEMOSPHERE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 279: 138543, (2021).

The data set contains the details on the thermal degradation that takes place during 3D printing of six commercially-available 3D printer filaments containing either carbon nanotubes or metal particle additives. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are measured and used to develop reaction mechanisms. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Potter, P.M., S.R. Al-Abed, F. Hasan, and S.M. Lomnicki. Influence of polymer additives on gas-phase emissions from 3D printer filaments. CHEMOSPHERE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 279: 138543, (2021).

The data provided in the spreadsheet was used to generate Figures 1, 2 and 3 in the manuscript Variability in the inorganic composition of colored acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene and polylactic acid filaments used in 3D printing: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-022-05221-7. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Peloquin, D.M., L.N. Rand, E.J. Baumann, A. Gitipour, J. Matheson, and T.P. Luxton. Variability in the inorganic composition of colored acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene and polylactic acid filaments used in 3D printing. Applied Sciences. MDPI, Basel, SWITZERLAND, 5: 10, (2023).

Data for Particle and Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from a 3D Printer Filament Extruder. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Byrley, P., A. Wallace, W. Boyes, and K. Rogers. Particle and volatile organic compound emissions from a 3D printer filament extruder. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 736: 139604, (2020).

The invention provides a profiled polymer filament having an open hollow cross-sectional shape normal to the longitudinal axis of the filament, wherein the cross-section is dimensioned to prevent the filament from interlocking with a second filament of the same cross-section. The invention also provides methods of manufacture of such filaments by melt spinning a polyamide, and spinnerets suitable for use in melt spinning such filaments.