In May 2018, the onset of new eruptive activity on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, accompanied the draining of the lava lake at the summit, 40 km upslope. The lava lake draining lasted over seven days, and transitioned into the largest collapse event at the summit of Kīlauea in over 200 years, with the paired flank and summit activity marking a historic episode in the modern record of Kīlauea. We present two important datasets that characterize draining of the Kīlauea summit lava lake in 2018. First, we present high-precision elevation data of the lava lake surface measured by an industrial laser rangefinder. To our knowledge, this is the highest-precision lava lake elevation data ever collected over a sustained period. Second, we present three-dimensional models of the drained crater on three dates during the draining sequence. The models were constructed from oblique airborne thermal images using structure-from-motion processing. These models constrain the crater geometry and can be used for measuring the volume of the lava lake during its draining. This combined dataset may be useful for future research on the 2018 eruption.

In May 2018, the onset of new eruptive activity on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, accompanied the draining of the lava lake at the summit, 40 km upslope. The lava lake draining lasted over seven days, and transitioned into the largest collapse event at the summit of Kīlauea in over 200 years, with the paired flank and summit activity marking a historic episode in the modern record of Kīlauea. We present two important datasets that characterize draining of the Kīlauea summit lava lake in 2018. First, we present high-precision elevation data of the lava lake surface measured by an industrial laser rangefinder. To our knowledge, this is the highest-precision lava lake elevation data ever collected over a sustained period. Second, we present three-dimensional models of the drained crater on three dates during the draining sequence. The models were constructed from oblique airborne thermal images using structure-from-motion processing. These models constrain the crater geometry and can be used for measuring the volume of the lava lake during its draining. This combined dataset may be useful for future research on the 2018 eruption.

In May 2018, the onset of new eruptive activity on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, accompanied the draining of the lava lake at the summit, 40 km upslope. The lava lake draining lasted over seven days, and transitioned into the largest collapse event at the summit of Kīlauea in over 200 years, with the paired flank and summit activity marking a historic episode in the modern record of Kīlauea. We present two important datasets that characterize draining of the Kīlauea summit lava lake in 2018. First, we present high-precision elevation data of the lava lake surface measured by an industrial laser rangefinder. To our knowledge, this is the highest-precision lava lake elevation data ever collected over a sustained period. Second, we present three-dimensional models of the drained crater on three dates during the draining sequence. The models were constructed from oblique airborne thermal images using structure-from-motion processing. These models constrain the crater geometry and can be used for measuring the volume of the lava lake during its draining. This combined dataset may be useful for future research on the 2018 eruption.

In May 2018, the onset of new eruptive activity on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, accompanied the draining of the lava lake at the summit, 40 km upslope. The lava lake draining lasted over seven days, and transitioned into the largest collapse event at the summit of Kīlauea in over 200 years, with the paired flank and summit activity marking a historic episode in the modern record of Kīlauea. We present two important datasets that characterize draining of the Kīlauea summit lava lake in 2018. First, we present high-precision elevation data of the lava lake surface measured by an industrial laser rangefinder. To our knowledge, this is the highest-precision lava lake elevation data ever collected over a sustained period. Second, we present three-dimensional models of the drained crater on three dates during the draining sequence. The models were constructed from oblique airborne thermal images using structure-from-motion processing. These models constrain the crater geometry and can be used for measuring the volume of the lava lake during its draining. This combined dataset may be useful for future research on the 2018 eruption.

During 2018, Kilauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawai`i, had a large effusive eruption (~1 cubic kilometer of lava) on the lower East Rift Zone that caused widespread destruction (Neal and others, 2019; Dietterich and others, 2021). This lower flank eruption was accompanied by one of the largest collapses of the summit caldera in two hundred years, with portions of the caldera floor subsiding more than 500 m (Anderson and others, 2019; Neal and others, 2019). On July 25, 2019, approximately one year after the summit collapse sequence, a small pond of water was first observed in the deepest portion of the collapse pit, within Halema`uma`u crater (Nadeau and others, 2020). The water level rose gradually over the next 17 months, and was measured on a routine basis with a laser rangefinder by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. The water level rose at rates of 5-15 cm per day, achieving a maximum lake depth of approximately 50 m by December 2020. The volume of water in the conical collapse pit was approximately 900,000 cubic meters by that time. The lake water originated from groundwater seepage into the new collapse crater, and represented the water table slowly recovering following the 2018 collapses (Nadeau and others, 2020). This water lake period ended abruptly on December 20, 2020, as a fissure eruption poured lava into the bottom of Halema`uma`u, boiling off the lake over a span of 1.5 hours. Water level is a fundamental measure of crater lake activity, and the 2019-2020 water lake was the first known instance of a significant body of surface water at the summit of Kilauea in over 200 years (Nadeau and others, 2020). The water-level data presented here provide unique constraints on the properties of the volcano’s summit hydrology (Ingebritsen and others, 2020). The water lake also had potential implications for hazards at Kilauea, which has experienced explosive eruptions thought to involve the interaction of rising magma with ground or surface water (Swanson and Houghton, 2018). Fluctuations in water level have been a precursor to hazardous changes at other volcanoes with crater lakes (Hamling, 2017). Close monitoring of the water level at Kilauea was performed to help identify changes that might precede hazards at the summit. This data release provides water level measurements and estimated lake surface area and volume during the lake’s growth, between August 2019 and December 2020. Anderson KR, Johanson IA, Patrick MR, Gu M, Segall P, Poland MP, Montgomery-Brown EK, Miklius A. 2019. Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018. Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaz1822 Dietterich H, Diefenbach A, Soule AS, Zoeller M, Patrick M, Major JJ, Lundgren P. 2021. Lava effusion rate evolution and erupted volume during the 2018 Kilauea lower East Rift Zone eruption. Bulletin of Volcanology 83:1-18. Hamling IJ. 2017. Crater lake controls on volcano stability: Insights from White Island, New Zealand. Geophysical Research Letters 44, 11,311-11,319. Ingebritsen SE, Flinders AF, Kauahikaua JP, Hsieh PA. 2020. Modeling groundwater inflow to the new crater lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi. Groundwater 59, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13023 Nadeau PA, Diefenbach AK, Hurwitz S, Swanson DA. 2020. From lava to water: A new era at Kīlauea. Eos 101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO149557. Neal CA and others. 2018. The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kilauea Volcano. Science 363, eaav7046. Swanson, D.A., and Houghton, B., 2018, Products, processes, and implications of Keanakāko‘i volcanism, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, in Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A., eds., Field Volcanology—A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson: Geological Society of America Special Paper 538, p. 159–190, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(07).

During 2018, Kilauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawai`i, had a large effusive eruption (~1 cubic kilometer of lava) on the lower East Rift Zone that caused widespread destruction (Neal and others, 2019; Dietterich and others, 2021). This lower flank eruption was accompanied by one of the largest collapses of the summit caldera in two hundred years, with portions of the caldera floor subsiding more than 500 m (Anderson and others, 2019; Neal and others, 2019). On July 25, 2019, approximately one year after the summit collapse sequence, a small pond of water was first observed in the deepest portion of the collapse pit, within Halema`uma`u crater (Nadeau and others, 2020). The water level rose gradually over the next 17 months, and was measured on a routine basis with a laser rangefinder by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. The water level rose at rates of 5-15 cm per day, achieving a maximum lake depth of approximately 50 m by December 2020. The volume of water in the conical collapse pit was approximately 900,000 cubic meters by that time. The lake water originated from groundwater seepage into the new collapse crater, and represented the water table slowly recovering following the 2018 collapses (Nadeau and others, 2020). This water lake period ended abruptly on December 20, 2020, as a fissure eruption poured lava into the bottom of Halema`uma`u, boiling off the lake over a span of 1.5 hours. Water level is a fundamental measure of crater lake activity, and the 2019-2020 water lake was the first known instance of a significant body of surface water at the summit of Kilauea in over 200 years (Nadeau and others, 2020). The water-level data presented here provide unique constraints on the properties of the volcano’s summit hydrology (Ingebritsen and others, 2020). The water lake also had potential implications for hazards at Kilauea, which has experienced explosive eruptions thought to involve the interaction of rising magma with ground or surface water (Swanson and Houghton, 2018). Fluctuations in water level have been a precursor to hazardous changes at other volcanoes with crater lakes (Hamling, 2017). Close monitoring of the water level at Kilauea was performed to help identify changes that might precede hazards at the summit. This data release provides water level measurements and estimated lake surface area and volume during the lake’s growth, between August 2019 and December 2020. Anderson KR, Johanson IA, Patrick MR, Gu M, Segall P, Poland MP, Montgomery-Brown EK, Miklius A. 2019. Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018. Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaz1822 Dietterich H, Diefenbach A, Soule AS, Zoeller M, Patrick M, Major JJ, Lundgren P. 2021. Lava effusion rate evolution and erupted volume during the 2018 Kilauea lower East Rift Zone eruption. Bulletin of Volcanology 83:1-18. Hamling IJ. 2017. Crater lake controls on volcano stability: Insights from White Island, New Zealand. Geophysical Research Letters 44, 11,311-11,319. Ingebritsen SE, Flinders AF, Kauahikaua JP, Hsieh PA. 2020. Modeling groundwater inflow to the new crater lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi. Groundwater 59, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13023 Nadeau PA, Diefenbach AK, Hurwitz S, Swanson DA. 2020. From lava to water: A new era at Kīlauea. Eos 101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO149557. Neal CA and others. 2018. The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kilauea Volcano. Science 363, eaav7046. Swanson, D.A., and Houghton, B., 2018, Products, processes, and implications of Keanakāko‘i volcanism, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, in Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A., eds., Field Volcanology—A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson: Geological Society of America Special Paper 538, p. 159–190, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(07).

The 2018 eruption from the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most significant and destructive events on the volcano in the past 200 years (Neal and others, 2019; Patrick and others, 2020; Anderson and others, 2023; Mulliken and others, 2023). Between May and September of that year, 24 fissures opened on the lower flank of the volcano, producing lava fountains and expansive lava flows that covered an area of 36 km2 (Neal and others, 2019; Zoeller and others, 2020). Effusion rates at the dominant vent, fissure 8, were often >100 m3 s-1, and the total eruptive volume is estimated at 0.9–1.4 km3 (Dietterich and others, 2021) making it one of the most voluminous effusive eruptions worldwide in the past hundred years. Over 700 structures were destroyed, and thousands of residents were displaced (Houghton and others, 2021; Meredith and others, 2022). The eruption from the lower East Rift Zone was associated with collapse and subsidence of the caldera floor at the summit of Kīlauea, 40 km upslope (Neal and others, 2019; Anderson and others, 2019). This event also terminated the long-lived eruptions at Puʻuʻōʻō, in the middle East Rift Zone, and the Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake within the summit crater (Wright and Klein, 2014; Mulliken and others, 2023). In this data release we publish measurements of the height of the 2018 lava fountains through time, which may be helpful for understanding the dynamics of lava fountaining and vent behavior in basaltic eruptions. In this first version of the data release, we include only the measurements from the dominant vent, fissure 8. This fountain was monitored with a time-lapse camera that allowed for frequent, regular measurements. Lava fountains at the other fissures were measured more sporadically, normally with a handheld inclinometer, and those data will be included in a later version. References: Anderson KR, Johanson IA, Patrick MR, Gu M, Segall P, Poland MP, Montgomery-Brown EK, Miklius A. 2019. Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018. Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaz1822 Anderson KR, Shea T, Lynn KJ, Montgomery-Brown EK, Swanson DA, Patrick MR, Shiro BR, Neal CA. 2023. The 2018 eruption of Kilauea: Insights, puzzles and opportunities for volcano science. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 52:1 Dietterich HR, Diefenbach AK, Soule SA, Zoeller MH, Patrick MR, Major JJ, Lundgren P. 2021. Lava effusion rate evolution and erupted volume during the 2018 Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone eruption. Bull Volcanology 83, 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01443-6 Houghton BF, Cockshell WA, Gregg CE, Walker BH, Kim K, Tisdale CM, Yamashita E. 2021. Land, lava, and disaster create a social dilemma after the 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano. Nature Communications 12:1223 Meredith ES, Jenkins SF, Hayes JL, Deligne NI, Lallamant D, Patrick M, Neal C. 2022. Damage assessment for the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone lava flows of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi. Bulletin of Volcanology, 84, 65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01568-2 Mosbrucker, A.R., Zoeller, M.H., and Ramsey, D.W., 2020, Digital elevation model of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, based on July 2019 airborne lidar surveys: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F1ZU8O. Mulliken KM, Kauahikaua JP, Swanson DA, Zoeller MH. 2024. Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai`i Hawaii. U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V3NQYB Neal, C.A., Brantley, S.R,, Antolik, L., Babb, J., Burgess, M., Calles, K., Cappos, M., Chang, J.C., Conway, S., Desmither, L., Dotray, P., Elias, T., Fukunaga, P., Fuke, S., Johanson, I.A., Kamibayashi, K., Kauahikaua, J., Lee, R.L., Pekalib, S., Miklius, A., Million, W., Moniz, C.J., Nadeau, P.A., Okubo, P., Parcheta, C., Patrick, M.R., Shiro, B,, Swanson, D.A., Tollett, W., Trusdell, F., Younger, E.F., Zoeller, M.H., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Anderson, K.R., Poland, M.P.,

The 2018 eruption from the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most significant and destructive events on the volcano in the past 200 years (Neal and others, 2019; Patrick and others, 2020; Anderson and others, 2023; Mulliken and others, 2023). Between May and September of that year, 24 fissures opened on the lower flank of the volcano, producing lava fountains and expansive lava flows that covered an area of 36 km2 (Neal and others, 2019; Zoeller and others, 2020). Effusion rates at the dominant vent, fissure 8, were often >100 m3 s-1, and the total eruptive volume is estimated at 0.9–1.4 km3 (Dietterich and others, 2021) making it one of the most voluminous effusive eruptions worldwide in the past hundred years. Over 700 structures were destroyed, and thousands of residents were displaced (Houghton and others, 2021; Meredith and others, 2022). The eruption from the lower East Rift Zone was associated with collapse and subsidence of the caldera floor at the summit of Kīlauea, 40 km upslope (Neal and others, 2019; Anderson and others, 2019). This event also terminated the long-lived eruptions at Puʻuʻōʻō, in the middle East Rift Zone, and the Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake within the summit crater (Wright and Klein, 2014; Mulliken and others, 2023). In this data release we publish measurements of the height of the 2018 lava fountains through time, which may be helpful for understanding the dynamics of lava fountaining and vent behavior in basaltic eruptions. In this first version of the data release, we include only the measurements from the dominant vent, fissure 8. This fountain was monitored with a time-lapse camera that allowed for frequent, regular measurements. Lava fountains at the other fissures were measured more sporadically, normally with a handheld inclinometer, and those data will be included in a later version. References: Anderson KR, Johanson IA, Patrick MR, Gu M, Segall P, Poland MP, Montgomery-Brown EK, Miklius A. 2019. Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018. Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaz1822 Anderson KR, Shea T, Lynn KJ, Montgomery-Brown EK, Swanson DA, Patrick MR, Shiro BR, Neal CA. 2023. The 2018 eruption of Kilauea: Insights, puzzles and opportunities for volcano science. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 52:1 Dietterich HR, Diefenbach AK, Soule SA, Zoeller MH, Patrick MR, Major JJ, Lundgren P. 2021. Lava effusion rate evolution and erupted volume during the 2018 Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone eruption. Bull Volcanology 83, 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01443-6 Houghton BF, Cockshell WA, Gregg CE, Walker BH, Kim K, Tisdale CM, Yamashita E. 2021. Land, lava, and disaster create a social dilemma after the 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano. Nature Communications 12:1223 Meredith ES, Jenkins SF, Hayes JL, Deligne NI, Lallamant D, Patrick M, Neal C. 2022. Damage assessment for the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone lava flows of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi. Bulletin of Volcanology, 84, 65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01568-2 Mosbrucker, A.R., Zoeller, M.H., and Ramsey, D.W., 2020, Digital elevation model of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, based on July 2019 airborne lidar surveys: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F1ZU8O. Mulliken KM, Kauahikaua JP, Swanson DA, Zoeller MH. 2024. Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai`i Hawaii. U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V3NQYB Neal, C.A., Brantley, S.R,, Antolik, L., Babb, J., Burgess, M., Calles, K., Cappos, M., Chang, J.C., Conway, S., Desmither, L., Dotray, P., Elias, T., Fukunaga, P., Fuke, S., Johanson, I.A., Kamibayashi, K., Kauahikaua, J., Lee, R.L., Pekalib, S., Miklius, A., Million, W., Moniz, C.J., Nadeau, P.A., Okubo, P., Parcheta, C., Patrick, M.R., Shiro, B,, Swanson, D.A., Tollett, W., Trusdell, F., Younger, E.F., Zoeller, M.H., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Anderson, K.R., Poland, M.P.,

The 2018 eruption from the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most significant and destructive events on the volcano in the past 200 years (Neal and others, 2019; Patrick and others, 2020; Anderson and others, 2023; Mulliken and others, 2023). Between May and September of that year, 24 fissures opened on the lower flank of the volcano, producing lava fountains and expansive lava flows that covered an area of 36 km2 (Neal and others, 2019; Zoeller and others, 2020). Effusion rates at the dominant vent, fissure 8, were often >100 m3 s-1, and the total eruptive volume is estimated at 0.9–1.4 km3 (Dietterich and others, 2021) making it one of the most voluminous effusive eruptions worldwide in the past hundred years. Over 700 structures were destroyed, and thousands of residents were displaced (Houghton and others, 2021; Meredith and others, 2022). The eruption from the lower East Rift Zone was associated with collapse and subsidence of the caldera floor at the summit of Kīlauea, 40 km upslope (Neal and others, 2019; Anderson and others, 2019). This event also terminated the long-lived eruptions at Puʻuʻōʻō, in the middle East Rift Zone, and the Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake within the summit crater (Wright and Klein, 2014; Mulliken and others, 2023). In this data release we publish measurements of the height of the 2018 lava fountains through time, which may be helpful for understanding the dynamics of lava fountaining and vent behavior in basaltic eruptions. In this first version of the data release, we include only the measurements from the dominant vent, fissure 8. This fountain was monitored with a time-lapse camera that allowed for frequent, regular measurements. Lava fountains at the other fissures were measured more sporadically, normally with a handheld inclinometer, and those data will be included in a later version. This data release complements Patrick and others (2024) which includes additional timelapse images collected from five other temporary timelapse cameras that collected images during the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea. References: Anderson KR, Johanson IA, Patrick MR, Gu M, Segall P, Poland MP, Montgomery-Brown EK, Miklius A. 2019. Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018. Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaz1822 Anderson KR, Shea T, Lynn KJ, Montgomery-Brown EK, Swanson DA, Patrick MR, Shiro BR, Neal CA. 2023. The 2018 eruption of Kilauea: Insights, puzzles and opportunities for volcano science. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 52:1 Dietterich HR, Diefenbach AK, Soule SA, Zoeller MH, Patrick MR, Major JJ, Lundgren P. 2021. Lava effusion rate evolution and erupted volume during the 2018 Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone eruption. Bull Volcanology 83, 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01443-6 Houghton BF, Cockshell WA, Gregg CE, Walker BH, Kim K, Tisdale CM, Yamashita E. 2021. Land, lava, and disaster create a social dilemma after the 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano. Nature Communications 12:1223 Meredith ES, Jenkins SF, Hayes JL, Deligne NI, Lallamant D, Patrick M, Neal C. 2022. Damage assessment for the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone lava flows of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi. Bulletin of Volcanology, 84, 65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01568-2 Mosbrucker, A.R., Zoeller, M.H., and Ramsey, D.W., 2020, Digital elevation model of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, based on July 2019 airborne lidar surveys: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F1ZU8O Mulliken, K.M., Kauahikaua, J.P., Swanson, D.A., and Zoeller, M.H., 2024, Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V3NQYB Neal, C.A., Brantley, S.R,, Antolik, L., Babb, J., Burgess, M., Calles, K., Cappos, M., Chang, J.C., Conway, S., Desmither, L., Dotray, P., Elias, T., Fukunaga, P., Fuke, S., Johanson, I.A., Kamibayashi, K., Kauahikaua, J., Lee,

The 2018 eruption from the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most significant and destructive events on the volcano in the past 200 years (Neal and others, 2019; Patrick and others, 2020; Anderson and others, 2023; Mulliken and others, 2023). Between May and September of that year, 24 fissures opened on the lower flank of the volcano, producing lava fountains and expansive lava flows that covered an area of 36 km2 (Neal and others, 2019; Zoeller and others, 2020). Effusion rates at the dominant vent, fissure 8, were often >100 m3 s-1, and the total eruptive volume is estimated at 0.9–1.4 km3 (Dietterich and others, 2021) making it one of the most voluminous effusive eruptions worldwide in the past hundred years. Over 700 structures were destroyed, and thousands of residents were displaced (Houghton and others, 2021; Meredith and others, 2022). The eruption from the lower East Rift Zone was associated with collapse and subsidence of the caldera floor at the summit of Kīlauea, 40 km upslope (Neal and others, 2019; Anderson and others, 2019). This event also terminated the long-lived eruptions at Puʻuʻōʻō, in the middle East Rift Zone, and the Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake within the summit crater (Wright and Klein, 2014; Mulliken and others, 2023). In this data release we publish measurements of the height of the 2018 lava fountains through time, which may be helpful for understanding the dynamics of lava fountaining and vent behavior in basaltic eruptions. In this first version of the data release, we include only the measurements from the dominant vent, fissure 8. This fountain was monitored with a time-lapse camera that allowed for frequent, regular measurements. Lava fountains at the other fissures were measured more sporadically, normally with a handheld inclinometer, and those data will be included in a later version. This data release complements Patrick and others (2024) which includes additional timelapse images collected from five other temporary timelapse cameras that collected images during the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea. References: Anderson KR, Johanson IA, Patrick MR, Gu M, Segall P, Poland MP, Montgomery-Brown EK, Miklius A. 2019. Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018. Science, doi:10.1126/science.aaz1822 Anderson KR, Shea T, Lynn KJ, Montgomery-Brown EK, Swanson DA, Patrick MR, Shiro BR, Neal CA. 2023. The 2018 eruption of Kilauea: Insights, puzzles and opportunities for volcano science. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 52:1 Dietterich HR, Diefenbach AK, Soule SA, Zoeller MH, Patrick MR, Major JJ, Lundgren P. 2021. Lava effusion rate evolution and erupted volume during the 2018 Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone eruption. Bull Volcanology 83, 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01443-6 Houghton BF, Cockshell WA, Gregg CE, Walker BH, Kim K, Tisdale CM, Yamashita E. 2021. Land, lava, and disaster create a social dilemma after the 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano. Nature Communications 12:1223 Meredith ES, Jenkins SF, Hayes JL, Deligne NI, Lallamant D, Patrick M, Neal C. 2022. Damage assessment for the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone lava flows of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi. Bulletin of Volcanology, 84, 65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01568-2 Mosbrucker, A.R., Zoeller, M.H., and Ramsey, D.W., 2020, Digital elevation model of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, based on July 2019 airborne lidar surveys: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F1ZU8O Mulliken, K.M., Kauahikaua, J.P., Swanson, D.A., and Zoeller, M.H., 2024, Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V3NQYB Neal, C.A., Brantley, S.R,, Antolik, L., Babb, J., Burgess, M., Calles, K., Cappos, M., Chang, J.C., Conway, S., Desmither, L., Dotray, P., Elias, T., Fukunaga, P., Fuke, S., Johanson, I.A., Kamibayashi, K., Kauahikaua, J., Lee,