Boreholes were drilled in 2017 and 2018 in Redwell Basin, a headwater catchment underlain by hydrothermally altered sedimentary rock in the Elk Mountains near the town of Crested Butte, Colorado. Two boreholes were completed as vertically discrete nested monitoring wells (MW1 as MW1A-MW1D and MW2.1 as MW2.1A-MW2.1C) and one borehole was completed as a single monitoring well (MW2 as RP8). Site locations and well construction are documented under the main page of this data release. Absolute (non-vented) pressure and temperature data loggers (PTDs) were deployed in these wells to monitor groundwater levels and fluid temperature over time. The period of record covers August 2018-September 2019 for all wells; the period of record for MW1D covers October 2017 to September 2019. Barometric pressure and surface temperature were monitored with a single PTD at the ground surface inside one well cover for the majority of the period of record. In addition to long-term monitoring, manual measurements of well water levels were collected as depth-to-water measurements (MW1A-D and RP8) or well-head gauge pressures (MW2.1A-C). Pressure, temperature, and water-level elevation data are provided for each well over the available period of record. Manual water level measurements are also provided. Unprocessed records are archived in a separate compressed (zip) directory. Attributes for all files are described in the data directory.

Boreholes were drilled in 2017 and 2018 in Redwell Basin, a headwater catchment underlain by mineralized and hydrothermally altered sedimentary rock in the Elk Mountains near the town of Crested Butte, Colorado. Site locations and well construction are documented under the main page of this data release. Hydraulic data were acquired during drilling and on core samples to estimate the hydraulic properties of selected geologic materials. While advancing the drill stem, long-interval packer tests were conducted in MW1 and MW2 boreholes to measure in-situ formation permeability. The open borehole interval targeted for each hydraulic test was exposed by raising the drill stem about 10 m above the bottom of the hole. A single-bladder packer apparatus was seated below the drill bit to seal the test interval. A stepped constant-head injection test was performed for each reported interval. Water was injected into the test interval to a target pressure by adjusting and monitoring flow rate using an in-line flowmeter. When flow rate and pressure achieved approximate steady state, the test progressed to a new pressure step. In most cases, multiple pressure steps were applied and repeated in both increasing and decreasing step directions while testing each interval. This release includes synchronized test-interval pressure and flow meter data for packer tests performed in MW1 and MW2 boreholes. Attributes for all files are described in the data directory. Permeability and porosity measurements were also attained through gas permeameter tests conducted on selected drill-core samples from MW1, MW2, and MW2.1. Samples were submitted for testing to Schlumberger Reservoir Laboratories. Test methods and results are described in the lab report. Results are additionally provided in a tabular format to meet open-data requirements.

Boreholes were drilled in 2017 and 2018 in Redwell Basin, a headwater catchment underlain by mineralized and hydrothermally altered sedimentary rock in the Elk Mountains near the town of Crested Butte, Colorado. Site locations and drilling procedures are documented under the main page of this data release. Borehole geophysical data were collected in boreholes MW1, MW1UZ, and MW2.1 as open holes prior to well construction. Logging was performed by a combination of USGS and Mount Sopris Instruments (MW1) and University of Wyoming (MW1UZ and MW2.1) staff. Log types vary by well on the basis of available equipment, site limitations, and borehole conditions. In borehole MW1, log types include fluid temperature and conductivity, three-arm caliper, natural gamma, acoustic televiewer (ATV), full-waveform sonic (FWS), and heat-pulse flowmeter (HPF). In borehole MW2.1, log types include fluid temperature and conductivity, three-arm caliper, natural gamma, spectral gamma, ATV, optical televiewer (OTV), FWS, long/short normal resistivity, single-point resistance, self-potential, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). OTV logs are provided for borehole MW1UZ. Data are provided in log-ascii standard (LAS) formatted files; data are self-described within the header of each LAS file following the formatting guidelines established by the Canadian Well Logging Society (CWLS, 2017,2020).

This dataset contains environmental tracer data from surface water and groundwater samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Redwell Basin, an alpine watershed in the Elk Mountains near the town of Crested Butte, Colorado. The basin is underlain by interbedded shale and sandstone that have been variably hydrothermally altered and silicified by local magmatic intrusions. Samples were collected from 2017 to 2019 from bedrock monitoring wells completed at multiple depths, shallow hand-installed piezometers and mini boreholes, springs, mine adits, and streams. The tracer data include stable isotopes of water (oxygen-18 and deuterium), tritium, dissolved noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and helium-3/helium-4 ratio), sulfur hexafluoride, and other dissolved atmospheric gases.

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release contains data from stream water, groundwater, and soil samples collected in 2019 and 2020 in the North Quartz Creek watershed in central Colorado. Fourteen streambank wells were installed in pairs at seven locations in August 2020 to capture the emerging groundwater from the left bank and right banks (relative to downstream-facing direction) and a synoptic sampling campaign was conducted to quantify metal contributions to the stream. A continuous, instream injection of sodium bromide (NaBr) was initiated at the head of the 5 km study reach several days prior to the synoptic sampling campaign and maintained throughout the duration of the study. Bromide concentrations were subsequently used to determine streamflow in the primary study reach (upper 1.3 km) using the tracer-dilution method, and as an indicator of hydrologic connections between North Quartz Creek and subsurface water. Streamflow was quantified in a secondary study reach (lower 3.7 km) using data from a series of sodium chloride slug additions wherein specific conductivity readings were used as a surrogate for the tracer concentration. Surface water samples were collected along North Quartz Creek including inflows from the left (LBI) and right (RBI) banks. Soil and sediment samples were collected along the transport path from source material (natural weathering and mine tailings/mine drainage) to the stream.

In 2019, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Research Drilling Program, based in Nevada, subcontracted with WOOD PLC to drill and construct borehole USGS 150 (USGS site 433521112581801). The borehole was continuously cored from approximately 18.3 to 1399 feet below land surface, with the primary objective of gathering geological, geophysical, and seismic data to enhance models for understanding geologic hazards near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex within the Idaho National Lab (INL). On August 8, 2019, after reaching the completion depth, the USGS INL Project Office collected multiple geophysical logs. Key geophysical data included natural gamma, caliper, neutron, neutron porosity, and gamma-gamma density. These data were analyzed synergistically with the available core material to identify contacts between basalt flows and to determine the location and thickness of sediment layers. Additionally, a gyroscopic deviation survey was conducted to assess the projected well bore path. The geophysical data were collected using Century™ multi-parameter logging probes, with selected logs displayed in a well log figure that includes the natural gamma and neutron probe (9057A), caliper probe (9074 and 8074A1), gamma-gamma density probe (0024C), and gyroscopic deviation probe (9095C1). All geophysical data, except for the caliper log, were collected through the drill rod, and the logs were run from the bottom up after reaching total unobstructed depth. Geophysical log data not represented in the figures can be accessed by downloading the attached LAS files or by visiting the USGS GeoLog Locator. After the removal of the rods, the borehole did not remain open. Despite attempts to re-open the well, efforts to grout and stabilize challenging sections were unsuccessful. Consequently, borehole USGS 150 was capped after data collection but remained open until July 10, 2023, when the decision was made to abandon it. The USGS collected specific geophysical data, daily drilling notes, and detailed core descriptions from the core collected to 1399 feet below land surface, which are included in this data release. Drilling field notes from the INL subcontractor WOOD PLC are also provided. The USGS Research Drilling Program (RDP) conducted the core drilling operations and well construction from June to October 2019. The borehole core from USGS 150 was transported to the USGS Lithologic Core Storage Library at the Central Facilities Area on the INL for storage and permanent archiving. The drill core was photographed and described using standardized methods, employing commercially available software and a procedure developed by the USGS INL Project Office. This standardized approach ensures comprehensive descriptions while minimizing interpretation.

In 2019 and 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for Naval Reactors Laboratory Field Office or Naval Reactors Facility (NRF), drilled and constructed borehole USGS 152 (433906112553401) for seismic and stratigraphic framework analyses at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) near the NRF, located in southeastern Idaho. Borehole USGS 152 was continuously cored from approximately 19 to 1,259 ft below land surface (BLS) and rotary drilled from approximately 1,259 to 1,630 ft BLS. Core drilling was discontinued after 1,259 ft BLS and changed over to straight rotary drilling due to funding constraints and deadlines. Core logs are displayed for three borings (USGS 152, USGS 152A, and USGS 152B) that all originate from the same surface location. To allow collection of open hole geophysical logs, the borehole was cemented and drilled out to stabilize difficult sections. Following cementing, the borehole cement was redrilled; however, on two separate occasions this resulted in a separate borehole core. At the onset of a new borehole, core was collected, and the borehole was given a subsequent name (USGS 152A and USGS 152B). Some overlap in cores was noted along with core depths and drilling dates. Core recovered from USGS 152 include depths from 18.5 to 749.0 ft between September 23, 2019 to July 5, 2020 with a hiatus during winter; USGS 152A was cored from 679.5 to 1007.0 ft between July 6, 2020 and August 20, 2020; USGS 152B was cored from 889.5 to 1259 ft between August 21, 2020 and October 3, 2020. The USGS collected select geophysical data, daily drilling notes, and prepared detailed core descriptions for core collected to 1,259 ft BLS, which are included as part of this data release. Also included are drilling field notes from INL subcontractor WOOD. The USGS Research Drilling Program (RDP) performed the core drilling operations and well construction between September 23, 2019, to October 3, 2020; additionally, the USGS RDP collected geophysical data, a single mechanical caliper (caliper) log on September 28, 2020. ' The USGS INL Project Office collected multiple geophysical logs on September 22, 2020. Select geophysical data include natural gamma, caliper, neutron, neutron porosity, and gamma-gamma density logs which were examined synergistically with available core material to identify contacts between basalt flows and location and thickness of sediment layers. Additionally, a gyroscopic deviation survey was performed and analyzed to reflect the projected well bore path. Geophysical data were collected using Century™ multi-parameter logging probes and select logs are displayed in well log figures. Geophysical data shown in figure displays include the natural gamma and neutron probe (9055C), caliper probe (9065A), gamma-gamma density probe (0024C), and gyroscopic deviation probe (9095C). With the exception of the caliper log which was ran though the encased borehole, all geophysical data were collected through the drill rod. All logs were ran from the bottom-up after reaching total unobstructed depth. Geophysical log data not represented in figure displays can be obtained by downloading attached LAS files or by visiting USGS - GeoLog Locator. The three borehole cores from USGS 152 was taken to the USGS Lithologic Core Storage Library for storage and permanent archive located at Central Facilities Area on the INL. Drill core was photographed and described using standardized methods which make use of commercially available software that include using a procedure developed by the USGS INL Project Office. The standardized method maximizes description and minimizes interpretation.

During 2017 and 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Idaho National Laboratory Project Office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), drilled and constructed borehole USGS 145 (USGS site 433358113042701) for hydrogeologic data collection and stratigraphic framework analyses. The well is located along the western boundary of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) just south of highway 20. USGS 145 was continuously cored from approximately 3 to 1,368 feet below land surface (BLS), and had water level of 704.73 ft BLS directly after drilling. Core was recovered over a two-year period, this includes cored depths from 3 to 678 ft between May 30, 2017,and November 13, 2017, and from 678 to 1,368 ft between May 17, 2018 and July 12, 2018. After coring was completed, the USGS collected geophysical data and finished construction as a dual piezometer well. The general purpose for the drilling and construction of USGS 145 was to improve the understanding of hydrogeology in the west-central part of the INL and to collect geologic data from recovered core. The well is equipped with a 1-in. stainless steel piezometer line and a 0.75-in. stainless steel piezometer line set down to 1,304 and 1,037 ft BLS, respectively. The well was filled with silica sand and cement grout from 740 to 1,368 ft BLS, encasing the piezometer screened intervals of 1,017 to 1,037 ft BLS and 1,277 to 1,297 ft BLS. The USGS collected select geophysical data, daily drilling notes, and detailed core descriptions to 1,368 ft BLS, which are included as part of this data release. The USGS collected geophysical source and deviation logs through drill casing on July 16, 2018 and additional open borehole logs on July 24, 2018. Geophysical data were collected using Century™ multi-parameter logging probes. Geophysical data include natural gamma (tool 9057A), neutron, gamma-gamma density (tool 0024C), and acoustic televiewer (ATV) logs (tool 9804A) which were examined synergistically with available core material to identify contacts between basalt flows and location and thickness of sediment layers. These logs are displayed in the file USGS145_Geophysical_Logs.pdf. Additionally, a gyroscopic deviation survey (tool 9095C) was set to collect data at 0.2-ft increments and used to display the projected well bore path and as displayed in plan view in file USGS145_PlanView_Gyro.pdf and associated well path file USGS145_9095Gyro.asc. Geophysical log data can be obtained by downloading attached LAS files or by visiting USGS - GeoLog Locator. Borehole core from USGS 145 is archived at the USGS Lithologic Core Storage Library located at Central Facilities Area, INL. Drill core was photographed and described using the standardized methods of Johnson and others, 2005. These standardized methods make use of commercially available software that include using a procedure developed by the USGS INL Project Office. The standardized method maximizes description and minimizes interpretation of the borehole core.

In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), drilled and constructed borehole USGS 144 (433021112552501) for stratigraphic framework analyses and water quality monitoring at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), located in southeastern Idaho. Borehole USGS 144 was continuously cored from approximately 4 to 639 ft below land surface (BLS). The final construction depth, after reaming out cored section of the well, is 620 ft BLS. The USGS collected geophysical data, daily drilling notes, and prepared detailed core descriptions for core collected to 639 ft BLS, which are included as part of this data release. The USGS INL Project Office drilling team performed the core drilling operations and well construction between August 22, 2016, to December 7, 2016. The USGS INL Project Office collected geophysical logs on November 16, 28 and 30, 2016. Geophysical data include natural gamma, temperature, specific conductance, acoustic televiewer (ATV), neutron, neutron porosity, and gamma-gamma density logs which were examined synergistically with available core material to identify contacts between basalt flows, location and thickness of sediment layers, relative changes in porosity, vertical changes in specific conductivity and temperature, and changes in fracture density. Additionally, a gyroscopic deviation survey was performed and analyzed to reflect the projected well bore path. Geophysical data were collected using Century™ multi-parameter logging probes and select logs are displayed in well log figures. Geophysical data shown in figure displays include the natural gamma and neutron probe (9057A), gamma-gamma density probe (0024A), and gyroscopic deviation probe (9095C), and acoustic televiewer (9804A). With the exception of the 9804A and 9042A logs run inside the open borehole after drill rod was removed geophysical data were collected through the drill rod after reaching total cored depth. All logs were run from the bottom-up after reaching total unobstructed depth. Geophysical log data not represented in figure displays can be obtained by downloading attached LAS files, which are bundled in a single compressed ZIP file, or by visiting USGS - GeoLog Locator. Drill core was taken to the USGS Lithologic Core Storage Library for storage and permanent archive located at Central Facilities Area on the INL. Drill core was photographed and described using standardized methods and procedures develpoed by the USGS INL Project Office which maximizes the description of the core and minimizes any interpretation.

This point dataset contains geologic information concerning regolith thickness and top-of-bedrock altitude at selected well and test-hole locations in the Lower Gunnison River Basin in Delta, Montrose, Ouray, and Gunnison Counties, Colorado. Regolith-thickness data were compiled from lithologic logs of wells and boreholes reported by the Colorado Division of Water Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, and Bureau of Reclamation. Bedrock-altitude values were computed from the bedrock altitude raster dataset (bralt). The U.S. Geological Survey prepared this dataset in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board.