This product is a series of six national 1-kilometer (km) raster datasets, for five year intervals between 1985 and 2010, representing USGS Water Use "Total Fresh Water Withdrawals", allocated to areas of land use representing anthropogenic use. Pixels representing anthropogenic uses (urban, agriculture, and mining land uses) are derived from the NAWQA Wall-to-wall Anthropogenic Land-use Trends (NWALT) product (Falcone, 2015), a series of decadal national raster datasets for the period 1974-2012. The raster datasets created here are intended as a source of information for estimating water use for watersheds, at the scale of HUC12 watersheds and coarser. Units are millions of gallons per day (mgd) per square km.

In 2015, the total amount of water withdrawn for recreational-landscape irrigation uses in Florida was estimated at 398 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Withdrawals include water used for golf course and public and commercial landscape irrigation (parks, ball fields, highway medians, cemeteries, and other large-scale grass or landscaping areas) that have a consumptive water use permit from the local water management district specifically for golf course or landscape uses. This category does not include individual household lawn irrigation withdrawals. Fresh surface water accounted for 216 Mgal/d of the fresh water withdrawn while 182 Mgal/d was withdrawn from fresh groundwater sources. Palm Beach County accounted for the largest amount of fresh surface water withdrawn (50 Mgal/d) and the largest amount of fresh groundwater withdrawn (32 Mgal/d). No saline water was withdrawn for this category in 2015.

In 2015, the total amount of water withdrawn for recreational-landscape irrigation uses in Florida was estimated at 398 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Withdrawals include water used for golf course and public and commercial landscape irrigation (parks, ball fields, highway medians, cemeteries, and other large-scale grass or landscaping areas) that have a consumptive water use permit from the local water management district specifically for golf course or landscape uses. This category does not include individual household lawn irrigation withdrawals. Fresh surface water accounted for 216 Mgal/d of the fresh water withdrawn while 182 Mgal/d was withdrawn from fresh groundwater sources. Palm Beach County accounted for the largest amount of fresh surface water withdrawn (50 Mgal/d) and the largest amount of fresh groundwater withdrawn (32 Mgal/d). No saline water was withdrawn for this category in 2015.

Florida’s water resources have been managed by five water management districts since 1972. These five regional water management districts are the Northwest Florida, St Johns River, South Florida, Southwest Florida, and the Suwannee River. In 2015, the Southwest Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of saline water withdrawn (5,135 Mgal/d) and the South Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of fresh water withdrawn (2,792 Mgal/d). The South Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of water withdrawn for public supply (1,118 Mgal/d), agricultural irrigation (1,380 Mgal/d), and recreation-landscape irrigation (263 Mgal/d), while the St Johns River Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of water for commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (112 Mgal/d) and domestic self-supplied (65 Mgal/d). The Southwest Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of water withdrawn for power generation (5,139 Mgal/d).

Florida’s water resources have been managed by five water management districts since 1972. These five regional water management districts are the Northwest Florida, St Johns River, South Florida, Southwest Florida, and the Suwannee River. In 2015, the Southwest Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of saline water withdrawn (5,135 Mgal/d) and the South Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of fresh water withdrawn (2,792 Mgal/d). The South Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of water withdrawn for public supply (1,118 Mgal/d), agricultural irrigation (1,380 Mgal/d), and recreation-landscape irrigation (263 Mgal/d), while the St Johns River Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of water for commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (112 Mgal/d) and domestic self-supplied (65 Mgal/d). The Southwest Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of water withdrawn for power generation (5,139 Mgal/d).

In 2015, the total amount of water withdrawn for self-supplied commercial-industrial-mining uses in Florida was estimated at 412 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Water withdrawals include 409 Mgal/d of fresh water and 3 Mgal/d of saline water. Fresh groundwater accounted for 298 Mgal/d of the fresh water withdrawn while the remaining 111 Mgal/d was withdrawn from fresh surface water sources. All of the saline water (3 Mgal/d) was withdrawn from surface water. Polk County accounted for the largest amount of fresh groundwater withdrawn (41 Mgal/d) followed by Taylor County (40 Mgal/d), while Putnam County accounted for the largest amount of fresh surface water withdrawn (24 Mgal/d) followed by Escambia County (23 Mgal/d).

In 2015, the total amount of water withdrawn for self-supplied commercial-industrial-mining uses in Florida was estimated at 412 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Water withdrawals include 409 Mgal/d of fresh water and 3 Mgal/d of saline water. Fresh groundwater accounted for 298 Mgal/d of the fresh water withdrawn while the remaining 111 Mgal/d was withdrawn from fresh surface water sources. All of the saline water (3 Mgal/d) was withdrawn from surface water. Polk County accounted for the largest amount of fresh groundwater withdrawn (41 Mgal/d) followed by Taylor County (40 Mgal/d), while Putnam County accounted for the largest amount of fresh surface water withdrawn (24 Mgal/d) followed by Escambia County (23 Mgal/d).

The USGS has published United States water-use data every five years since 1950. To increase the temporal and spatial availability of water use estimates using nationally consistent methods, the USGS is developing national water-use models for each major water-use category. This data release publishes crop irrigation withdrawals for the conterminous United States (CONUS) that are calculated using modeled irrigation consumptive use (Martin and others, 2023), irrigation efficiencies, and source-water proportions (Dieter and others, 2018). Crop irrigation withdrawals and irrigation consumptive use refer to water removed and consumed, respectively, from a groundwater or surface-water source to produce agricultural crops. Monthly withdrawals provided include groundwater, surface water, and the combined total withdrawal for areas contained in the twelve-digit watershed boundary (HUC12) dataset during the reanalysis period, 2000-2020. HUC12 annual 2000-2020 irrigation efficiencies included in this data release combine efficiencies from irrigation system types (accounting for water lost during application to crops) and conveyances (accounting for water lost during transmission through canals and pipes). Irrigated crops were mapped using the Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID; Xie and Lark, 2021; Martin and others, 2023) and the Cropland Data Layer (USDA NASS, 2022) that were linked to irrigation system types (USDA NASS, 2014) to estimate irrigation system efficiencies for each HUC12 in the CONUS (Howell, 2003 and FAO, 1989). Conveyance loss volumes (USDA NASS, 2020) were used to estimate and map surface-water conveyance efficiencies. Total efficiencies were calculated for HUC12 units by combining irrigation system and conveyance efficiencies. Irrigation withdrawals and efficiencies were produced using published data sources to provide these estimates in a timely manner. On-going work to develop dynamic maps of irrigation system type and other datasets for the CONUS will be used in the future to refine the estimates provided here. Estimation of irrigation withdrawals using irrigation consumptive use and efficiencies neglects some components of water use for crops, including water used for frost protection, salt leaching, harvesting, and other non-consumptive-use based treatments. For this reason, irrigation withdrawals provided here may under-estimate total withdrawals where non-consumptive treatments are significant.

The USGS has published United States water-use data every five years since 1950. To increase the temporal and spatial availability of water use estimates using nationally consistent methods, the USGS is developing national water-use models for each major water-use category. This data release publishes crop irrigation withdrawals for the conterminous United States (CONUS) that are calculated using modeled irrigation consumptive use (Martin and others, 2023), irrigation efficiencies, and source-water proportions (Dieter and others, 2018). Crop irrigation withdrawals and irrigation consumptive use refer to water removed and consumed, respectively, from a groundwater or surface-water source to produce agricultural crops. Monthly withdrawals provided include groundwater, surface water, and the combined total withdrawal for areas contained in the twelve-digit watershed boundary (HUC12) dataset during the reanalysis period, 2000-2020. HUC12 annual 2000-2020 irrigation efficiencies included in this data release combine efficiencies from irrigation system types (accounting for water lost during application to crops) and conveyances (accounting for water lost during transmission through canals and pipes). Irrigated crops were mapped using the Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID; Xie and Lark, 2021; Martin and others, 2023) and the Cropland Data Layer (USDA NASS, 2022) that were linked to irrigation system types (USDA NASS, 2014) to estimate irrigation system efficiencies for each HUC12 in the CONUS (Howell, 2003 and FAO, 1989). Conveyance loss volumes (USDA NASS, 2020) were used to estimate and map surface-water conveyance efficiencies. Total efficiencies were calculated for HUC12 units by combining irrigation system and conveyance efficiencies. Irrigation withdrawals and efficiencies were produced using published data sources to provide these estimates in a timely manner. On-going work to develop dynamic maps of irrigation system type and other datasets for the CONUS will be used in the future to refine the estimates provided here. Estimation of irrigation withdrawals using irrigation consumptive use and efficiencies neglects some components of water use for crops, including water used for frost protection, salt leaching, harvesting, and other non-consumptive-use based treatments. For this reason, irrigation withdrawals provided here may under-estimate total withdrawals where non-consumptive treatments are significant.