,Alternative Biomass Production Study for Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in Morris, Minnesota The Tillage Study was established in 1997 to assess the effect of a variety of tillage intensities on soil C. The initial eight treatments included no-tillage, moldboard + disk tillage, chisel tillage, and fall and spring residue management, with or without strip-tillage and strip-tillage + subsoiling (Archer and Reicosky, 2009). In 2004, treatments were reduced to no-tillage, moldboard tillage, and fall and spring residue management without strip-tillage, but all had an early or late planting date. The last comprehensive set of soil samples were collected in 2006. In 2008, the strip-tilled subset of the Tillage Study plots were repurposed for the Alternative Biomass Production Systems study, which was designed to explore alternative strategies to support bioenergy including planting of cellulosic feedstock. The Alternative Biomass Production plots included perennials in an extended 6-year rotation, winter cereal rye cover crops in a corn-soybean rotation, and an alternative Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid forage system, all of which have and will continue to be monitored for agronomic and soil properties.,

,Biofuel Residue Removal Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network and Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in Morris, Minnesota The Biofuel Residue Removal experiment was established at Swan Lake Research farm near Morris MN in 2005. It consists of 3 separate experimental sites, one for each of three tillages—Chisel Plow, No Tillage established in 1995 and No Tillage established in 2005. Four residue removal treatments with 4 replicates were established in a corn/soybean rotation where each phase of the rotation was present each year. Each replicate has 8 plots, 4 removal treatments times 2 crops. Residue removal treatments are no removal, half removal, complete removal, and 75 % removal which was changed to cob removal in 2008. The 3 experiments have a total of 96 plots—3 tillages x 4 removal rates x 2 crops x 4 replicates. Greenhouse gas fluxes were measured from spring of 2008 through planting in 2011 in the no and complete removal plots. Root and above ground samples were taken at 75% silk (corn) or R6 (soybean) for plots where greenhouse gasses were measured. Soil samples to 1 meter were taken in 2005 and 2010. Veronica Acosta-Martinez from Lubbock TX measured enzymes and FAME from samples taken in 2008. POM was measured in 2005 and 2009. Erosivity was measured using a rotary sieve in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Corn biomass was sampled at physiological maturity and divided into above ear shank, below ear shank, and cob. It was analyzed for C and N and microwave digested for ICP analysis.,

,REAP Study for Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in West Lafayette, Indiana Corn stover is an important livestock feed and will probably be a major source of renewable bioenergy, especially in the U.S. Corn Belt. Overly aggressive removal of stover, however, could lead to greater soil erosion and hurt producer yields in the long-run. Good residue management practices could help prevent erosion of valuable topsoil by wind and water while still providing a revenue source for producers, either as livestock feed or for use in renewable bioenergy. Plant residues also contribute to soil structure, nutrient cycling, and help sustain the soil microbiota. Good residue management could also help control the loss of greenhouse gases from agricultural soils that could add to already increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases contributing to global climate change. Cumulative GHG emissions varied widely across locations, by management, and from year-to-year. Despite this high variability, maximum stover removal averaged across all sites, years, and management resulted in lower total emissions of CO2 (-12 ± 11%) and N2O (-13 ± 28%) compared to no stover removal. Decreases in total CO2 and N2O emissions in stover removal treatments were attributed to decreased availability of stover-derived C and N inputs into soils, as well as possible microclimatic differences. Soils at all sites were CH4 neutral or small CH4 sinks. Exceptions to these trends occurred for all GHGs, highlighting the importance of site-specific management and environmental conditions on GHG fluxes in agricultural soils.,

,REAP Study for Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in St. Paul, Minnesota Corn stover is an important livestock feed and will probably be a major source of renewable bioenergy, especially in the U.S. Corn Belt. Overly aggressive removal of stover, however, could lead to greater soil erosion and hurt producer yields in the long-run. Good residue management practices could help prevent erosion of valuable topsoil by wind and water while still providing a revenue source for producers, either as livestock feed or for use in renewable bioenergy. Plant residues also contribute to soil structure, nutrient cycling, and help sustain the soil microbiota. Good residue management could also help control the loss of greenhouse gases from agricultural soils that could add to already increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases contributing to global climate change. Cumulative GHG emissions varied widely across locations, by management, and from year-to-year. Despite this high variability, maximum stover removal averaged across all sites, years, and management resulted in lower total emissions of CO2 (-12 ± 11%) and N2O (-13 ± 28%) compared to no stover removal. Decreases in total CO2 and N2O emissions in stover removal treatments were attributed to decreased availability of stover-derived C and N inputs into soils, as well as possible microclimatic differences. Soils at all sites were CH4 neutral or small CH4 sinks. Exceptions to these trends occurred for all GHGs, highlighting the importance of site-specific management and environmental conditions on GHG fluxes in agricultural soils..,

,This dataset includes soil health, crop biomass, and crop yield data for a 13-year corn stover harvest trial in central Iowa.,Following the release in 2005 of the Billion Ton Study assessment of biofuel sources, several soil health assessments associated with harvesting corn stover were initiated across ARS locations to help provide industry guidelines for sustainable stover harvest. This dataset is from a trial conducted by the National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment from 2007-2021 at the Iowa State University Ag Engineering and Agronomy farm. Management factors evaluated in the trial included the following.,The dataset includes: 1) Crop biomass and yields for all crop phases in every year. 2) Soil organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, and pH to 120 cm depth in 2012, 2016, and 2017. Soil cores from 2005 (pre-study) were also sampled to 90 cm depth. 3) Soil chemistry sampled to 15 cm depth every 1-2 years from 2007 to 2017. 4) Soil strength and compaction was assessed to 60 cm depth in April 2021.,These data have been presented in several manuscripts, including Phillips et al. (in review), O'Brien et al. (2020), and Obrycki et al. (2018).,

,Recent USDA/ARS patented technologies on bioenergy and the environment that are available for licensing are described, including summary, contact, benefits, and applications. Updated June 2018.,,

,Produkcja biogazu rolniczego, energii elektrycznej z biogazu rolniczego oraz biometanu z biogazu rolniczego w instalacjach odnawialnego źródła energii w latach 2011-2024 r., wykaz surowców zużytych do produkcji biogazu rolniczego w latach 2011-2024, a także produkcja biogazu rolniczego i energii elektrycznej z biogazu rolniczego w mikroinstalacjach w latach 2015-2024.,

,EV Smith Study for Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in Auburn, Alabama There is a potential in the southeastern US to harvest winter cover crops from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields for biofuels or animal feed use, but this could impact yields and nitrogen (N) fertilizer response. An experiment was established to examine rye (Secale cereale L.) residue management (RM) and N rates on cotton productivity. Three RM treatments (no winter cover crop (NC), residue removed (REM) and residue retained (RET)) and four N rates for cotton were studied. Cotton population, leaf and plant N concentration, cotton biomass and N uptake at first square, and cotton biomass production between first square and cutout were higher for RET, followed by REM and NC. However, leaf N concentration at early bloom and N concentration in the cotton biomass between first square and cutout were higher for NC, followed by REM and RET. Seed cotton yield response to N interacted with year and RM, but yields were greater with RET followed by REM both years. These results indicate that a rye cover crop can be beneficial for cotton, especially during hot and dry years. Long-term studies would be required to completely understand the effect of rye residue harvest on cotton production under conservation tillage.,

농림축산식품부 창조농식품정책과에서 의뢰하고 한국능률협회컨설팅에서 작성한 바이오매스 에너지화추진전략개발 연구보고서입니다.