The U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to assess the effects of changing climate and land disturbance on seasonal streamflow in the Rio Grande Headwaters (RGHW) region. Three applications of PRMS in the RGHW were used to simulate 1) baseline effects of climate (see RGHW-PRMS_baseline_input.zip), 2) effects of bark-beetle induced tree mortality (see RGHW-PRMS_BB_input.zip), and 3) effects of wildfire (see RGHW-PRMS_fire_input.zip), on components of the hydrologic cycle by hydrologic response unit (HRU) and subsequent seasonal streamflow runoff from April through September for water years 1980 through 2017. PRMS input files (control, climate-by-hru, data, parameter, dynamic parameter, and initial condition, where applicable) for each simulation are contained in this data release. Common input used in each simulation (climate_by_hru, static parameter, and data files) are contained in the RGHW-PRMS_common_input.zip file.

The U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to assess the effects of changing climate and land disturbance on seasonal streamflow in the Rio Grande Headwaters (RGHW) region. Three applications of PRMS in the RGHW were used to simulate 1) baseline effects of climate (see RGHW-PRMS_baseline_input.zip), 2) effects of bark-beetle induced tree mortality (see RGHW-PRMS_BB_input.zip), and 3) effects of wildfire (see RGHW-PRMS_fire_input.zip), on components of the hydrologic cycle by hydrologic response unit (HRU) and subsequent seasonal streamflow runoff from April through September for water years 1980 through 2017. PRMS input files (control, climate-by-hru, data, parameter, dynamic parameter, and initial condition, where applicable) for each simulation are contained in this data release. Common input used in each simulation (climate_by_hru, static parameter, and data files) are contained in the RGHW-PRMS_common_input.zip file.

The U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to assess the effects of changing climate and land disturbance on seasonal streamflow in the Rio Grande Headwaters (RGHW) region. Three applications of PRMS in the RGHW were used to simulate 1) baseline effects of climate (see RGHW-PRMS_baseline_simulation.zip), 2) effects of bark-beetle induced tree mortality (see RGHW-PRMS_BB_simulation.zip), and 3) effects of wildfire (see RGHW-PRMS_fire_simulation.zip), on components of the hydrologic cycle by hydrologic response unit (HRU) and subsequent seasonal streamflow runoff from April through September for water years 1980 through 2017. Select PRMS output variables for each simulation are contained in this data release.

The U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to assess the effects of changing climate and land disturbance on seasonal streamflow in the Rio Grande Headwaters (RGHW) region. Three applications of PRMS in the RGHW were used to simulate 1) baseline effects of climate (see RGHW-PRMS_baseline_simulation.zip), 2) effects of bark-beetle induced tree mortality (see RGHW-PRMS_BB_simulation.zip), and 3) effects of wildfire (see RGHW-PRMS_fire_simulation.zip), on components of the hydrologic cycle by hydrologic response unit (HRU) and subsequent seasonal streamflow runoff from April through September for water years 1980 through 2017. Select PRMS output variables for each simulation are contained in this data release.

The U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to assess the effects of changing climate and land disturbance on seasonal streamflow in the Rio Grande Headwaters (RGHW) region. Three applications of PRMS in the RGHW were used to simulate 1) baseline effects of climate (see RGHW-PRMS_baseline_simulation.zip), 2) effects of bark-beetle induced tree mortality (see RGHW-PRMS_BB_simulation.zip), and 3) effects of wildfire (see RGHW-PRMS_fire_simulation.zip), on components of the hydrologic cycle by hydrologic response unit (HRU) and subsequent seasonal streamflow runoff from April through September for water years 1980 through 2017. Select PRMS output variables for each simulation are contained in this data release.

This dataset contains projected climate data (precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature) from 27 climate scenarios used as input to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), and baseline PRMS simulated streamflow at 63 sites in the Upper Rio Grande Basin under each of the 27 scenarios. Projected climate data, obtained from the USGS South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center (Wooten, 2020), were generated using three general circulation models, run under three emission scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5), and downscaled using three different methods (delta SD, equidistant quantile mapping, piecewise asynchronous regression). Together, the three models, RCPs, and downscaling methods resulted in a set of 27 climate projections. Each input climate data file includes precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature for each hydrologic response unit in the PRMS model. Model output includes 27 files of PRMS simulated projected daily streamflow at 63 sites in the Upper Rio Grande Basin in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas for the years 1981-2099.

This dataset contains projected climate data (precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature) from 27 climate scenarios used as input to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), and baseline PRMS simulated streamflow at 63 sites in the Upper Rio Grande Basin under each of the 27 scenarios. Projected climate data, obtained from the USGS South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center (Wooten, 2020), were generated using three general circulation models, run under three emission scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5), and downscaled using three different methods (delta SD, equidistant quantile mapping, piecewise asynchronous regression). Together, the three models, RCPs, and downscaling methods resulted in a set of 27 climate projections. Each input climate data file includes precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature for each hydrologic response unit in the PRMS model. Model output includes 27 files of PRMS simulated projected daily streamflow at 63 sites in the Upper Rio Grande Basin in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas for the years 1981-2099.

A Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model was developed to simulate the surface and near-surface hydrologic system of the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCOL). The model was used to evaluate and compare natural drivers and hydrologic responses of snow processes and evapotranspiration between a recent wet period (1982-1999) and drought period (2000-2022) for four headwater subregions in the Upper Colorado River Basin. This data release child item contains all of the PRMS input and output files for the simulations described in the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554).

This data release supports the study by Sexstone and others (2020) and contains simulation output from SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006), a well-validated process-based snow modeling system. Simulations are for water years 1984 through 2017 (October 1, 1983 through September 30, 2017) across a 11,200 square kilometer model domain in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, United States that encompasses the Rio Grande Basin headwaters (HUC8 13010001). This data release also contains supporting field-based snow and meteorological station observations collected within the model domain during water years 2016 and 2017 that were used to evaluate SnowModel simulations. Sexstone and others (2020) provide details and summarize findings from the SnowModel simulations and supporting observations. SnowModel simulation output provided in this data release are stored in NetCDF files that have spatial (100-meter [m] grid resolution) and temporal (yearly) dimensions. Simulated SnowModel annual snow metrics (water years 1984 through 2017) in the attached NetCDF files include: mean winter (1 October to 31 May) air temperature (T; degrees Celsius [°C]), cumulative winter precipitation (P; millimeters [mm]), peak snow water equivalent (SWE; mm), SWE:P (ratio of peak SWE to winter P; m/m), snow-covered days (days with snow on the ground; days), total snowmelt (surface-water input into the soil that occurs when SWE greater than [>] 0; mm), snowmelt rate (rate the snow melts from peak SWE to melt out; millimeter per day [mm/day]), SM50 (water year day following peak SWE when half of snowpack has melted), peak SWE timing (water year day when peak SWE occurs), melt-out timing (water year day when snow melt out occurs), sublimation (total snow sublimation including surface, canopy, and blowing snow components; mm), sublimation:P (total snow sublimation to winter P ratio; m/m), 1 March SWE (mm), 1 April SWE (mm), 1 May SWE (mm), and 1 June SWE (mm). Supporting observations are provided in this data release in comma separated value (csv) files. Supporting meteorological station observations from three meteorological stations (daily mean values for the previous day) include: air temperature (°C), relative humidity (percent [%]), wind speed (meter per second [m/s]), incoming shortwave radiation (watts per meter squared [W m-2]), net radiation (W m-2), and albedo. Supporting field-based snow observations collected at 73 locations at a daily temporal dimension include: SWE (mm), standard deviation of SWE (mm), snow depth (m), and standard deviation of snow depth (m). An inventory and description of each of the files attached to the data release is provided below. Inventory of data release: URGB_SnowModel_study.xml: FGDC-compliant metadata file for the data release files. melt_doy.nc: NetCDF file of annual melt-out timing (water year day when snow melt out occurs) from SnowModel output . melt_rate.nc: NetCDF file of annual snowmelt rate (rate the snow melts from peak SWE to melt out; mm/day) from SnowModel output. peak_swe.nc: NetCDF file of annual peak SWE (mm) from SnowModel output. peak_swe_doy.nc: NetCDF file of annual peak SWE timing (water year day when peak SWE occurs) from SnowModel output. SM50.nc: NetCDF file of annual SM50 (water year day following peak SWE when half of snowpack has melted) from SnowModel output. snow_days.nc: NetCDF file of annual snow-covered days (days with snow on the ground) from SnowModel output. sub_p.nc: NetCDF file of annual sublimation:P (total snow sublimation to winter P ratio; m/m) from SnowModel output. sum_P_may.nc: NetCDF file of annual cumulative winter P (mm) from SnowModel output. sum_snow_RO.nc: NetCDF file of annual total snowmelt (surface-water input into the soil that occurs when SWE > 0; mm) from SnowModel output. sum_sub.nc: NetCDF file of annual sublimation (total snow sublimation including surface, canopy, and blowing snow components; mm) from SnowModel output. swe_p.nc: NetCDF file of annual

This data release supports the study by Sexstone and others (2020) and contains simulation output from SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006), a well-validated process-based snow modeling system. Simulations are for water years 1984 through 2017 (October 1, 1983 through September 30, 2017) across a 11,200 square kilometer model domain in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, United States that encompasses the Rio Grande Basin headwaters (HUC8 13010001). This data release also contains supporting field-based snow and meteorological station observations collected within the model domain during water years 2016 and 2017 that were used to evaluate SnowModel simulations. Sexstone and others (2020) provide details and summarize findings from the SnowModel simulations and supporting observations. SnowModel simulation output provided in this data release are stored in NetCDF files that have spatial (100-meter [m] grid resolution) and temporal (yearly) dimensions. Simulated SnowModel annual snow metrics (water years 1984 through 2017) in the attached NetCDF files include: mean winter (1 October to 31 May) air temperature (T; degrees Celsius [°C]), cumulative winter precipitation (P; millimeters [mm]), peak snow water equivalent (SWE; mm), SWE:P (ratio of peak SWE to winter P; m/m), snow-covered days (days with snow on the ground; days), total snowmelt (surface-water input into the soil that occurs when SWE greater than [>] 0; mm), snowmelt rate (rate the snow melts from peak SWE to melt out; millimeter per day [mm/day]), SM50 (water year day following peak SWE when half of snowpack has melted), peak SWE timing (water year day when peak SWE occurs), melt-out timing (water year day when snow melt out occurs), sublimation (total snow sublimation including surface, canopy, and blowing snow components; mm), sublimation:P (total snow sublimation to winter P ratio; m/m), 1 March SWE (mm), 1 April SWE (mm), 1 May SWE (mm), and 1 June SWE (mm). Supporting observations are provided in this data release in comma separated value (csv) files. Supporting meteorological station observations from three meteorological stations (daily mean values for the previous day) include: air temperature (°C), relative humidity (percent [%]), wind speed (meter per second [m/s]), incoming shortwave radiation (watts per meter squared [W m-2]), net radiation (W m-2), and albedo. Supporting field-based snow observations collected at 73 locations at a daily temporal dimension include: SWE (mm), standard deviation of SWE (mm), snow depth (m), and standard deviation of snow depth (m). An inventory and description of each of the files attached to the data release is provided below. Inventory of data release: URGB_SnowModel_study.xml: FGDC-compliant metadata file for the data release files. melt_doy.nc: NetCDF file of annual melt-out timing (water year day when snow melt out occurs) from SnowModel output . melt_rate.nc: NetCDF file of annual snowmelt rate (rate the snow melts from peak SWE to melt out; mm/day) from SnowModel output. peak_swe.nc: NetCDF file of annual peak SWE (mm) from SnowModel output. peak_swe_doy.nc: NetCDF file of annual peak SWE timing (water year day when peak SWE occurs) from SnowModel output. SM50.nc: NetCDF file of annual SM50 (water year day following peak SWE when half of snowpack has melted) from SnowModel output. snow_days.nc: NetCDF file of annual snow-covered days (days with snow on the ground) from SnowModel output. sub_p.nc: NetCDF file of annual sublimation:P (total snow sublimation to winter P ratio; m/m) from SnowModel output. sum_P_may.nc: NetCDF file of annual cumulative winter P (mm) from SnowModel output. sum_snow_RO.nc: NetCDF file of annual total snowmelt (surface-water input into the soil that occurs when SWE > 0; mm) from SnowModel output. sum_sub.nc: NetCDF file of annual sublimation (total snow sublimation including surface, canopy, and blowing snow components; mm) from SnowModel output. swe_p.nc: NetCDF file of annual