This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the July 2021 unoccupied aerial system (UAS) surveys of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. Eighteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and "X" marks placed on the ground using temporary chalk. The GCP positions were measured using dual-frequency post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS with corrections referenced to a static base station operating nearby. The GCP positions are presented in a comma-delimited text file.

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the July 2021 unoccupied aerial system (UAS) surveys of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. Eighteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and "X" marks placed on the ground using temporary chalk. The GCP positions were measured using dual-frequency post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS with corrections referenced to a static base station operating nearby. The GCP positions are presented in a comma-delimited text file.

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the July 2021 unoccupied aerial system (UAS) surveys of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. Eighteen temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and "X" marks placed on the ground using temporary chalk. The GCP positions were measured using dual-frequency post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS with corrections referenced to a static base station operating nearby. The GCP positions are presented in a comma-delimited text file.

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the uncrewed aerial system (UAS) survey conducted on the ocean beaches adjacent to the Columbia River Mouth at the Oregon-Washington border in July 2021. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The Fort Stevens State Park survey was conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #235. Ten flights were conducted at Fort Stevens State Park on 22 July 2021, between 14:00 and 16:45 UTC (7:00 and 9:45 PDT). A total of 3,002 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release; the images from the third flight (F03) were not utilized for data processing and are not included in the data release. The Benson Beach survey at Cape Disappointment State Park was conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit #170603. Thirteen flights were conducted at Benson Beach on 23 July 2021, between 14:30 and 16:40 UTC (7:30 and 9:40 PDT). A total of 3,648 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release; the images from the second to the fifth flight (F02 through F05) and the seventh flight (F07) were not utilized for data processing and are not included in the data release. All flights were conducted at an approximate altitude of 120 meters above ground level resulting in a nominal ground-sample-distance (GSD) of 3.2 centimeters per pixel. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture, and shutter speed were adjusted for ambient light conditions. For all flights the camera was triggered at 1 Hz using a built-in intervalometer. After acquisition, the images were renamed to include flight number and acquisition time in the file name. The coordinates of the approximate image acquisition locations were added ('geotagged') to the image metadata (EXIF) using the telemetry log from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. The image EXIF were also updated to include additional information related to the acquisition. The data release includes a total of 6,650 JPG images. Images from takeoff and landing sequences were not used for processing and have been omitted from the data release. To facilitate bulk download, the images from each flight are provided in a zip file named with the flight number. In addition to the provided zip files, the images are also available for browsing and individual download on the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Imagery Data System at the following URL: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P9BVTVAW.

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the uncrewed aerial system (UAS) survey conducted on the ocean beaches adjacent to the Columbia River Mouth at the Oregon-Washington border in August 2017. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The Fort Stevens State Park survey was conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #024-17. Five flights were conducted at Fort Stevens State Park on 7 August 2017, between 16:32 and 20:22 UTC (9:32 and 13:22 PDT). A total of 785 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release. The Benson Beach survey at Cape Disappointment State Park was conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit #170603. Seven flights were conducted at Benson Beach on 8 August 2017, between 17:13 and 22:28 UTC (10:13 and 15:28 PDT). A total of 1492 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release. All flights were conducted at an approximate altitude of 120 meters or less above ground level, depending on operational restrictions related to the cloud ceiling. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture, and shutter speed were adjusted for ambient light conditions. For all flights the camera was triggered using a built-in intervalometer. After acquisition, the images were renamed to include flight number and acquisition time in the file name. The coordinates of the approximate image acquisition locations were added ('geotagged') to the image metadata (EXIF) using the telemetry log from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. The image EXIF were also updated to include additional information related to the acquisition. The data release includes a total of 2,277 JPG images. Images from takeoff and landing sequences as well as other images not used for processing have been omitted from the data release. To facilitate bulk download, the images from each flight are provided in a zip file named with the flight number. In addition to the provided zip files, the images are also available for browsing and individual download on the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Imagery Data System at the following URL: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P9BVTVAW.

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the uncrewed aerial system (UAS) survey conducted on the ocean beaches adjacent to the Columbia River Mouth at the Oregon-Washington border in July 2021. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The Fort Stevens State Park survey was conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #235. Ten flights were conducted at Fort Stevens State Park on 22 July 2021, between 14:00 and 16:45 UTC (7:00 and 9:45 PDT). A total of 3,002 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release; the images from the third flight (F03) were not utilized for data processing and are not included in the data release. The Benson Beach survey at Cape Disappointment State Park was conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit #170603. Thirteen flights were conducted at Benson Beach on 23 July 2021, between 14:30 and 16:40 UTC (7:30 and 9:40 PDT). A total of 3,648 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release; the images from the second to the fifth flight (F02 through F05) and the seventh flight (F07) were not utilized for data processing and are not included in the data release. All flights were conducted at an approximate altitude of 120 meters above ground level resulting in a nominal ground-sample-distance (GSD) of 3.2 centimeters per pixel. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture, and shutter speed were adjusted for ambient light conditions. For all flights the camera was triggered at 1 Hz using a built-in intervalometer. After acquisition, the images were renamed to include flight number and acquisition time in the file name. The coordinates of the approximate image acquisition locations were added ('geotagged') to the image metadata (EXIF) using the telemetry log from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. The image EXIF were also updated to include additional information related to the acquisition. The data release includes a total of 6,650 JPG images. Images from takeoff and landing sequences were not used for processing and have been omitted from the data release. To facilitate bulk download, the images from each flight are provided in a zip file named with the flight number. In addition to the provided zip files, the images are also available for browsing and individual download on the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Imagery Data System at the following URL: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P9BVTVAW.

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the uncrewed aerial system (UAS) survey conducted on the ocean beaches adjacent to the Columbia River Mouth at the Oregon-Washington border in August 2017. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The Fort Stevens State Park survey was conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #024-17. Five flights were conducted at Fort Stevens State Park on 7 August 2017, between 16:32 and 20:22 UTC (9:32 and 13:22 PDT). A total of 785 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release. The Benson Beach survey at Cape Disappointment State Park was conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit #170603. Seven flights were conducted at Benson Beach on 8 August 2017, between 17:13 and 22:28 UTC (10:13 and 15:28 PDT). A total of 1492 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release. All flights were conducted at an approximate altitude of 120 meters or less above ground level, depending on operational restrictions related to the cloud ceiling. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture, and shutter speed were adjusted for ambient light conditions. For all flights the camera was triggered using a built-in intervalometer. After acquisition, the images were renamed to include flight number and acquisition time in the file name. The coordinates of the approximate image acquisition locations were added ('geotagged') to the image metadata (EXIF) using the telemetry log from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. The image EXIF were also updated to include additional information related to the acquisition. The data release includes a total of 2,277 JPG images. Images from takeoff and landing sequences as well as other images not used for processing have been omitted from the data release. To facilitate bulk download, the images from each flight are provided in a zip file named with the flight number. In addition to the provided zip files, the images are also available for browsing and individual download on the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Imagery Data System at the following URL: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P9BVTVAW.

This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the uncrewed aerial system (UAS) survey conducted on the ocean beaches adjacent to the Columbia River Mouth at the Oregon-Washington border in August 2017. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The Fort Stevens State Park survey was conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #024-17. Five flights were conducted at Fort Stevens State Park on 7 August 2017, between 16:32 and 20:22 UTC (9:32 and 13:22 PDT). A total of 785 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release. The Benson Beach survey at Cape Disappointment State Park was conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit #170603. Seven flights were conducted at Benson Beach on 8 August 2017, between 17:13 and 22:28 UTC (10:13 and 15:28 PDT). A total of 1492 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release. All flights were conducted at an approximate altitude of 120 meters or less above ground level, depending on operational restrictions related to the cloud ceiling. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture, and shutter speed were adjusted for ambient light conditions. For all flights the camera was triggered using a built-in intervalometer. After acquisition, the images were renamed to include flight number and acquisition time in the file name. The coordinates of the approximate image acquisition locations were added ('geotagged') to the image metadata (EXIF) using the telemetry log from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. The image EXIF were also updated to include additional information related to the acquisition. The data release includes a total of 2,277 JPG images. Images from takeoff and landing sequences as well as other images not used for processing have been omitted from the data release. To facilitate bulk download, the images from each flight are provided in a zip file named with the flight number. In addition to the provided zip files, the images are also available for browsing and individual download on the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Imagery Data System at the following URL: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P9BVTVAW.

This portion of the data release presents topographic point clouds of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. The point clouds were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) on 2017-11-01 during low tide surveys on 22 and 23 July 2021. The point clouds from each survey are tiled into 500 by 500 meter tiles to reduce individual file sizes. The Fort Stevens point clouds have a total of approximately 496 million points, with an average point density of 386 points per-square meter and an average point spacing of 5 centimeters. The Benson Beach point clouds have a total of approximately 476 million points, with an average point density of 363 points per-square meter and an average point spacing of 5 centimeters. Each point in the point clouds contains explicit horizontal and vertical coordinates, color, and point class (either 0 [unclassified] or 7 [noise]). In addition, each point has a confidence value (calculated by Agisoft Metashape during point cloud creation) stored as an extra byte. The point confidence value was used to identify and classify erroneous points likely resulting from poor surface reconstruction due to water, vegetation, or areas of uniform surface texture (such as sand of uniform color). All points with confidence less than 4 have been classified as class 7 (noise). All other points have been left unclassified (class 0). Some areas of noise resulting from poor terrain reconstruction may remain unclassified in the point clouds. The raw imagery used to create the point clouds was acquired with a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous flight lines spaced to provide approximately 70 percent overlap between images from adjacent lines. The camera was triggered at 1 Hz using a built-in intervalometer. The UAS was flown at an approximate altitude of 120 meters above ground level (AGL), resulting in a nominal ground-sample-distance (GSD) of 3.2 centimeters per pixel. The raw imagery was geotagged using positions from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. Survey control was established using temporary ground control points (GCPs) consisting of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and temporary chalk marks placed on the ground. The GCP positions were measured using dual-frequency post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS with corrections referenced to a static base station operating nearby. The images and GCP positions were used for structure-from-motion (SfM) processing to create topographic point clouds, high-resolution orthomosaic images, and DSMs. The point clouds are formatted in LAZ format (LAS 1.2 specification).

This portion of the data release presents topographic point clouds of the ocean beach at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, WA. The point clouds were derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) on 2017-11-01 during low tide surveys on 22 and 23 July 2021. The point clouds from each survey are tiled into 500 by 500 meter tiles to reduce individual file sizes. The Fort Stevens point clouds have a total of approximately 496 million points, with an average point density of 386 points per-square meter and an average point spacing of 5 centimeters. The Benson Beach point clouds have a total of approximately 476 million points, with an average point density of 363 points per-square meter and an average point spacing of 5 centimeters. Each point in the point clouds contains explicit horizontal and vertical coordinates, color, and point class (either 0 [unclassified] or 7 [noise]). In addition, each point has a confidence value (calculated by Agisoft Metashape during point cloud creation) stored as an extra byte. The point confidence value was used to identify and classify erroneous points likely resulting from poor surface reconstruction due to water, vegetation, or areas of uniform surface texture (such as sand of uniform color). All points with confidence less than 4 have been classified as class 7 (noise). All other points have been left unclassified (class 0). Some areas of noise resulting from poor terrain reconstruction may remain unclassified in the point clouds. The raw imagery used to create the point clouds was acquired with a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous flight lines spaced to provide approximately 70 percent overlap between images from adjacent lines. The camera was triggered at 1 Hz using a built-in intervalometer. The UAS was flown at an approximate altitude of 120 meters above ground level (AGL), resulting in a nominal ground-sample-distance (GSD) of 3.2 centimeters per pixel. The raw imagery was geotagged using positions from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. Survey control was established using temporary ground control points (GCPs) consisting of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and temporary chalk marks placed on the ground. The GCP positions were measured using dual-frequency post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS with corrections referenced to a static base station operating nearby. The images and GCP positions were used for structure-from-motion (SfM) processing to create topographic point clouds, high-resolution orthomosaic images, and DSMs. The point clouds are formatted in LAZ format (LAS 1.2 specification).