Corte Madera Marsh, located in northern San Francisco Bay, California, is experiencing shoreline erosion. Determining whether the eroded sediment is exported to the bay or imported via tidal channels and deposited on the marsh platform is critical to understanding the long-term response of the marsh to wave attack and sea-level rise. Quantifying water-column sediment flux helps to characterize the role of tidal channels in this process, and water discharge is a key component of sediment flux. Tidal creek discharge was measured repeatedly over diurnal tidal cycles in a tidal channel located in the central, Muzzi marsh region of Corte Madera marsh, California during the summer of 2022 and during the winter of 2023. These transect data were collected using a downward-looking Teledyne RDI RiverPro 1200-kilohertz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) from a moving boat.

In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall in the Northeastern U.S., affecting ecosystems and communities of 12 states. In response, the National Fish and Wildlife Federation (NFWF) and the U.S. Department of Interior (DOI) implemented the Hurricane Sandy Coastal Resiliency Program, which funded various projects designed to reduce future impacts of coastal hazards. These projects included marsh, beach, and dune restoration, aquatic connectivity, and living shoreline installation, among others. To evaluate restoration efforts of the Hurricane Sandy Coastal Resiliency Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studied two marsh sites of coastal systems in southeast New Jersey that underwent restoration. Submerged sensors were deployed to measure water velocity, water quality, water level, and waves. Water quality data collection included optical turbidity measurements that were calibrated to suspended sediment mass using in-situ, lab filtered water samples. These data will be used to calculate sediment fluxes and ecological resilience metrics at the two marsh sites.

In 2012, Hurricane Sandy created an open breach in the barrier island system along the south shore of Long Island, N.Y. This breach formed at a location known as Old Inlet and migrated rapidly westward over the winter storm season following Hurricane Sandy. On May 14, 2015, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New York Water Science Center (NYWSC) personnel collected data to evaluate channel geometry, water velocity, and discharge of an open breach in the Federal Wilderness area of Fire Island National Seashore, N.Y. The breach resulted from major coastal flooding and overwash created by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012. Data were collected using a Sontek M9 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS). Data were processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for interpolation and display. An initial series of transects was collected starting about 4 hours before ocean low tide on May 14, 2015. Data were collected perpendicular to flow through the breach beginning at 0725 Eastern Standard Time (EST) and ending at 0811 EST. The first set of transects was taken near the bayward side of the breach, with subsequent sets collected progressively closer to the seaward side of the breach. Discharge ranged from 16,400 cfs (cubic feet per second) during the beginning set of transects to 17,400 cfs during the second set of transects. A second series of transects was collected starting about 4 hours before ocean high tide on May 14, 2015. Data collection began at 1335 EST and ended at 1445 EST. The first set of transects was taken perpendicular to the flood tidal channels bayward of the former Great South Bay (GSB) shoreline; subsequent sets were collected progressively closer to the seaward side of the breach. Discharge ranged from 16,500 cfs during the beginning set of transects to 24,900 cfs during the final set of transects. Additional data were collected along the approximate centerline and adjacent to the shores of the channel to map the inundated area of the breach. The overall mapped area includes data collected during discharge measurements of both incoming and outgoing tide conditions.

In 2012, Hurricane Sandy created an open breach in the barrier island system along the south shore of Long Island, N.Y. This breach formed at a location known as Old Inlet and migrated rapidly westward over the winter storm season following Hurricane Sandy. On May 14, 2015, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New York Water Science Center (NYWSC) personnel collected data to evaluate channel geometry, water velocity, and discharge of an open breach in the Federal Wilderness area of Fire Island National Seashore, N.Y. The breach resulted from major coastal flooding and overwash created by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012. Data were collected using a Sontek M9 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS). Data were processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for interpolation and display. An initial series of transects was collected starting about 4 hours before ocean low tide on May 14, 2015. Data were collected perpendicular to flow through the breach beginning at 0725 Eastern Standard Time (EST) and ending at 0811 EST. The first set of transects was taken near the bayward side of the breach, with subsequent sets collected progressively closer to the seaward side of the breach. Discharge ranged from 16,400 cfs (cubic feet per second) during the beginning set of transects to 17,400 cfs during the second set of transects. A second series of transects was collected starting about 4 hours before ocean high tide on May 14, 2015. Data collection began at 1335 EST and ended at 1445 EST. The first set of transects was taken perpendicular to the flood tidal channels bayward of the former Great South Bay (GSB) shoreline; subsequent sets were collected progressively closer to the seaward side of the breach. Discharge ranged from 16,500 cfs during the beginning set of transects to 24,900 cfs during the final set of transects. Additional data were collected along the approximate centerline and adjacent to the shores of the channel to map the inundated area of the breach. The overall mapped area includes data collected during discharge measurements of both incoming and outgoing tide conditions.

In 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the Northeastern US causing devastation among coastal ecosystems. Post-hurricane marsh restoration efforts have included sediment deposition, planting of vegetation, and restoring tidal hydrology. The work presented here is part of a larger project funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) to monitor the post-restoration ecological resilience of coastal ecosystems in the wake of Hurricane Sandy. The U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center made in-situ observations during 2018-2019 and 2022-2023 at two sites: Thompsons Beach, NJ and Stone Harbor, NJ. Marsh creek hydrodynamics and water quality including currents, waves, water levels, water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, organic matter, chlorophyll-a, and suspended-sediment concentration and organic content were measured at both sites. Additionally, marsh accretion and erosion were evaluated and used to interpret sediment budgets. These ecological data will be coupled with topographic lidar and imagery to explain the processes responsible for coastline evolution, and to evaluate restoration techniques and assess whether storm vulnerability has decreased relative to unaltered environments.

This GIS layer provides the location where samples were taken in a survey conducted by H.L. Sanders (1956)

Whales Tail Marsh, a restored salt pond in South San Francisco Bay, California, is experiencing rapid shoreline erosion. Determining whether the eroded sediment is exported to the ocean or imported via tidal channels and deposited on the marsh platform is critical to understanding the long-term response of the marsh to wave attack and sea-level rise. Quantifying water-column sediment flux helps to characterize the role of tidal channels in this process, and water discharge is a key component of sediment flux. To that end, discharge was measured repeatedly over diurnal tidal cycles in the tidal channels of the Whales Tail Marsh, within Eden Landing Ecological Refuge, California in the summer of 2021 and during king tides in the winter of 2021-2022. These transect data were collected by using a downward-looking Teledyne RDI RiverPro 1200-kilohertz acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) from a moving boat.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is producing detailed geologic maps of the coastal sea floor. Imagery, originally collected by NOAA for charting purposes, provides a fundamental framework for research and management activities along this part of Long Island Sound, shows the composition and terrain of the seabed, and provides information on sediment transport and benthic habitat. Interpretive data layers were derived from the multibeam echo-sounder data and sidescan-sonar data collected north of Plum Island, New York. During November 2009, bottom photographs and surficial sediment data were acquired as part of a ground-truth reconnaissance survey. For more information on the ground-truth survey see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2009-059-FA.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT DEEP), is producing detailed geologic maps of the coastal sea floor. Bathymetry and sidescan-sonar imagery, originally collected by NOAA for charting purposes, provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities in Long Island Sound, shows the composition and terrain of the seabed, and provides information on sediment transport and benthic habitat. During April-May 2009 NOAA completed hydrographic survey H12013 offshore of the entrance to the Connecticut River, and during November 2009 and April 2010 bottom photographs and surficial sediment data were acquired as part of two ground-truth reconnaissance surveys of this area. Two interpretive data layers were derived from the multibeam echo-sounder and the ground-truth data used to verify them. For more information on the ground-truth surveys see: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2009-059-FA and http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2010-010-FA

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.