This dataset includes soils concentrations of selected metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn). Concentrations are in mg/kg or parts per million. The dataset also includes Pb isotope ratios of soil samples (206Pb/204Pb; 207Pb/204Pb; 208Pb/204Pb). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Tuccillo, M.E., J. Blue, J. Koplos, J. Kelly, and R. Wilkin. Complexities in attributing lead contamination to specific sources in an industrial area of Philadelphia, PA. Heliyon. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 9(5): e15666, (2023).

Lead (Pb) occurrence and sources and aqueous geochemistry were assessed in private wellhead and tap water at a targeted area of concern for possible exceedances and at a control area in the same geologic formation, and in wells at a nearby landfill in south-central Massachusetts (MA). Total Pb concentrations were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Action Level of 15 μg/L in all samples, and about 6% of unfiltered samples contained Pb concentrations that exceeded 1.0 μg/L. Pb concentrations were higher under conditions that are acidic and oxic (pH ≤ 6.5 and dissolved oxygen [DO] ≥ 2 mg/L), in which minerals that could sequester lead or manganese typically are undersaturated, and adsorption by hydrous ferric oxide is limited. Under more neutral to alkaline conditions, the precipitation of Pb in solid solution series minerals such as (Ca,Pb)CO3 and (Ba,Pb)SO4 2, and adsorption by amorphous ferric hydroxides, could limit Pb solubility in the bedrock aquifer or in the plumbing. The low Pb concentrations and the absence of distinctive Pb and strontium (Sr) isotope ratio patterns in samples indicate that a nearby landfill is not likely a significant Pb source. Dissolved concentrations of Pb, copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in tap samples were significantly greater than those in wellhead samples, indicating that some Pb is derived from plumbing. Wellhead or tap samples with the highest Pb concentrations also had the greatest corrosivity potential based on the calcite saturation index and the PPGC (Potential to Promote Galvanic Corrosion) and supports the premise that Pb concentrations in tap samples were derived partly from corrosion of plumbing. Concentrations of other constituents, including arsenic (As), uranium (U), Sr, boron (B), and lithium (Li) were not statistically different between the tap and wellhead samples but, apart from Sr, all were statistically higher in the control area than in the target area. This variation in constituent concentrations suggests geochemical variation within the host Paxton Formation, possibly related to faulting and contact with the Ayer granite east of the control area.

Table 3 shows the distribution of lead speciation results for soil samples along with fitting error (R factor) Data for Figure S2 contains the sample spectra and linear combination fitting (LCF) data used to determine results in Table 3. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kastury, F., R.R. Karna, K.G. Scheckel, and A.L. Juhasz. Correlation between lead speciation and inhalation bioaccessibility using two different simulated lung fluids. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 263 part B: 114609, (2020).

Table 3 shows the distribution of lead speciation results for soil samples along with fitting error (R factor) Data for Figure S2 contains the sample spectra and linear combination fitting (LCF) data used to determine results in Table 3. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kastury, F., R.R. Karna, K.G. Scheckel, and A.L. Juhasz. Correlation between lead speciation and inhalation bioaccessibility using two different simulated lung fluids. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 263 part B: 114609, (2020).

The dataset shows the distribution of lead phases (as weighted percentages) within a soil sample from Port Pirie (South Australia) determined from linear combination fitting of X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, along with LCF statistical error. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kastury, F., E. Smith, E. Lombi, M.W. Donnelley, P.L. Cmielewski, D.W. Parsons, M. Noerpel, K.G. Scheckel, A.M. Kingston, G.R. Myers, D. Paterson, M.D. de Jonge, and A.L. Juhasz. Dynamics of Lead Bioavailability and Speciation in Indoor Dust and X-ray Spectroscopic Investigation of the Link between Ingestion and Inhalation Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 53(19): 11486-11495, (2019).

The dataset shows the distribution of lead phases (as weighted percentages) within a soil sample from Port Pirie (South Australia) determined from linear combination fitting of X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, along with LCF statistical error. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kastury, F., E. Smith, E. Lombi, M.W. Donnelley, P.L. Cmielewski, D.W. Parsons, M. Noerpel, K.G. Scheckel, A.M. Kingston, G.R. Myers, D. Paterson, M.D. de Jonge, and A.L. Juhasz. Dynamics of Lead Bioavailability and Speciation in Indoor Dust and X-ray Spectroscopic Investigation of the Link between Ingestion and Inhalation Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 53(19): 11486-11495, (2019).

X-ray absorption spectroscopy raw data files. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Sowers, T., M. Blackmon, R. Wilkin, M. Rovero, S. Bone, M. Jerden, C. Nelson, and K. Bradham. Lead Speciation, Bioaccessibility, and Sources for a Contaminated Subset of House Dust and Soils Collected from Similar United States Residences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 58(21): 9339-9349, (2024).