These data contain shipboard active acoustics data collected in the Pacific, both pelagic and near shore environments. Data is collected using Simrad EK60 splitbeam multifrequency systems with the transducers pointing vertically down in the water column. The echosounders operate up to four frequencies at 38 kHz, 70 kHz, 120 kHz, and 200 kHz.

Integrated acoustic and trawl surveys are used to assess the distribution, biomass, and biology of Pacific hake along the Pacific coasts of the United States and Canada. Scientists from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) and Department of Fisheries and Oceans-Canada are responsible for conducting the survey. The survey consists of a series of transects that are oriented generally east-west, and are spaced at a nominal 10-nautical mile interval. Sea depth at the nearshore end of individual transects is typically 50 m; offshore extents are typically at a depth of 1,500 m. Geographical coverage extends from near Morro Bay, CA north to Dixon Entrance. Acoustic data are collected during daylight hours with a Simrad EK60 scientific echo sounder coupled with the ER60 software system. Trawl samples from pelagic and bottom trawls are used to classify the observed backscatter layers to species and size composition and to collect specimens of Pacific hake and other organisms. Analysis of acoustic data involves identification and delineation of backscatter layers that are attributed to Pacific hake. The biomass estimate and length-at-age composition of Pacific hake generated from this survey are used in analysis and management of the stock. This survey is conducted on a biennial basis. There is a firm deadline for producing the biomass estimate in the middle of the December following the survey. Biological data collected from FSCS during catch processing.

The Pre-recruit survey project is collaborative involving researchers from the FE Division based in 3 laboratories (Newport, Seattle and Hammond), scientists from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (Santa Cruz), along with researchers from several universities (Oregon State University, University of Oregon, University of Washington, University of California, Santa Cruz). In concert with a similar SWFSC survey effort through California, the purpose of this project is to conduct annual surveys within the coastal ecosystem off Oregon and Washington to quantify the environmental conditions and biota found along the California Current and to elucidate ecosystem-level processes affecting managed and protected marine resources. This project currently supports three main efforts: 1. An annual sampling regime of the hydrology, plankton, small fish, and predators along transects over the Continental Shelf from Oregon and Washington. This consistent survey has generated significant information on within- and between-year variability in the California Current Marine Ecosystem and has yielded valuable insights into the food web off our coast. 2. Collection of specimens for diet analysis, growth, containment load, and other studies related to the ecology and production of commercially important taxa and their relationships within the food web. 3. Parameters and ecological processes quantified during this effort are used in forecasts involving species, assemblages, and ecosystems and also to parameterize ecosystem models used to evaluate cumulative risks and managerial strategies. We towed a 71 cm diameter Bongo net at each trawl station from 100 m to the surface.

Drs. Marla Holt, Brad Hanson, and Candice Emmons of the NWFSC, along with efforts from the NWFSC dive team (coordinated by Nick Tolimieri), are currently conducting passive acoustic monitoring of harbor porpoises in Puget Sound. The occurrence of harbor porpoises are being acoustically documented using porpoise detectors (CPODs, made by Chelonia, Ltd), which detect and log harbor porpoise echolocation clicks and store the data on flash memory cards. CPODs are deployed on the sea floor by scientific divers, and must be recovered every three months to replace batteries and memory cards. The project is ongoing, and will document occurrence and habitat use of this protected marine species. The project is a well-defined component of a larger study that addresses harbor porpoise occurrence and habitat use in the Salish Sea. Passive acoustic monitoring.

Four cruises aboard the NOAA ship Townsend Cromwell were conducted, collectors included George Boehlert and Bruce Mundy. Two transects, oriented in an east-west direction, were established, one each on the leeward and the windward sides of the island. Stations were located 1.8, 9.3, and 27.8 km from shore along the leeward side and 3.7, 9.3, and 27.8 km from shore along the windward side. Larvae were sampled below the surface with a 1 m2 multiple opening-closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS) and at the sea surface with a 0.49 m2 Manta net modified to take surface samples to a depth of 0.7 m. All nets were constructed of 0.333 mm Nitex mesh. Estimates of water volumes filtered by both gear types were based on mechanical flowmeter readings. Samples were taken in eight depth strata (neuston, 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, and 60-80 m) at each nearshore station and in nine depth strata (neuston, 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-120, 120-160, and 160-200 m) at the 4 offshore stations. MOCNESS hauls were 12 minutes duration for each net (stratum), fished in a stepped oblique fashion from deep to shallow with mean tow speeds of approximately 75 cm/sec; the tow speed was adjusted to maintain a net mouth angle near 45". Neuston tows were 24 minutes, taken during the mid-point of the MOCNESS tows. Replicate tows were taken at each station in both day and night, but only the first replicate sample was sorted for the December, April, and June cruises, whereas both replicates were processed for the September cruise. All fish larvae were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible by Bruce C. Mundy. Squid paralarvae were transferred to the Dr. Richard Young (Dept. of Oceanography, Univ. of Hawai'i). Other taxa were not routinely sorted, but heteropods from selected samples have been transferred to Dr. Roger Seapy (Dept. of Biological Sciences, California State Univ. Fullerton; see Seapy 1990. Patterns of vertical distribution in epipelagic heteropod molluscs off Hawaii. Mar. Eco1.-Prog. Ser., 60: 235-246.) and numbers of four species of copepods were obtained from subsamples from certain stations by Dr. R. Patrick Hassett (Dept. of Zoology, Arizona State Univ.; see Hassett and Boehlert 1995. Seasonal, vertical and horizontal distributions of four species of copepods around Oahu, Hawaii: data report. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS, NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-215, 21 p.). In 2023, Andrea Schmidt (andrea.schmidt@noaa.gov) provided: 1) RB008AA1_V_LAT_LONG_MEANS_V - Latitude and longitude from cruise reports and MOCNESS sensor data were inserted into RB008AA1_V data. 2) RB008AA1_UKUSIZES_V - A dataset with larval measurements for uku, Aprion virescens. Methodology: We processed larval uku from a backlog of existing partially processed wet-archived ichthyoplankton samples from O'ahu that were likely to contain larval uku and enhance available record data. We identified and measured uku larvae from ichthyoplankton samples collected around the island of O'ahu on cruises TC8504 (September 6-15, 1985) and TC8604 (June 24-July 2, 1986). These cruises were part of a yearlong series of quarterly surveys described in Boehlert and Mundy (1996). Every three months a series of MOCNESS tows were conducted at 1.8, 9.3, and 27.8 km from shore during the day and the night. Two replicates were collected for each station, but not all replicates were processed. Since the entirety of these samples were archived and stored at PIFSC, we processed the second replicate for TC8604 and measure all previously identified uku from TC8504. These were the only depth integrated samples for which we could generate length data along a gradient from shore. Examination occurred under an EVOCAM2 scope (Vision Engineering Ltd, United Kingdom) and measurements of larval standard length were conducted with the ViPlus software (Vision Engineering Ltd, United Kingdom). The first replicates of the Boehlert and Mundy (1996) dataset were used to review Lutjanidae

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Much greater uncertainty in estimating annual catch limits for multiple reef fish will occur if this survey is not conducted. Without this survey, there will be greater uncertainty and thus decreased stakeholder confidence in stock assessment results for myriad reef fish species. When uncertainty increases, there is a larger window of opportunity for industry to dispute management actions with lawsuits. For example, without continued collection of SEFIS data in the South Atlantic, it will be nearly impossible to reassess red snapper, meaning the fishery may be closed longer than needed, with significant lost revenue and economic losses for the fishing community. On legs 1 and 2, we will deploy baited traps with attached video cameras at a variety of stations in the U.S. South Atlantic. Traps have a single line connected to two surface buoys. Vessel operations will occur over a 24-hour workday. Trapping, video, hook-andline sampling, and CTD operations will occur from approximately 0700 to approximately 1900 each day, during which time at least three vessel crew members will be needed on deck. We will use the time between approximately1900 and 0700 each day for multibeam sonar mapping, transit to the next day’s sampling stations, or for hook-andline sampling. We will also be continuously running the calibrated EK-80 to collect acoustics data for fish during trap deployment and retrieval. The FPC has already supplied the ship with GPS points of most trap/video sampling locations, and trap sampling will commence at approximately 0700 each morning. We expect that six traps will be deployed off the stern of Pisces (down the stern ramp while the vessel is traveling at approximately 4.5 kt) over the course of approximately 20 min, one trap being deployed at a time and no closer than 200 m from another trap. After a group of six traps are deployed in an area, a single CTD cast will be conducted, and then traps will be retrieved after each trap has soaked for approximately 90 min (but no more than 150 min). Trap retrieval will take place at the side sampling station using the pot hauler (note the need to be careful to not let the trap and cameras hit the bottom of ship upon retrieval), and then the scientists will move traps to the back deck for subsequent deployments. On each day, we expect at least three trap “sets” (set = 6 simultaneously deployed traps) to be deployed and retrieved on leg 1 and four trap “sets” to occur on leg 2. The biggest key to successful sampling on Pisces is picking up traps as quickly as possible so trap samples soak for a similar amount of time. If not, trap samples will be excluded from analyses, considerably reducing efficiency. After discussions with the Chief Survey Technician in March of 2024, it has been agreed that he will work either the noon to midnight or midnight to noon shift, while the Junior Survey Technician will work the opposite shift. This will allow one Survey Technician to be on shift each hour of the day over the entire 24-hour period. From 0700-1900 on legs 1 and 2, the Survey Technicians will assist with CTD casts, SCS operation, EK-80 data collection, and address any other technical issues encountered during trap-video sampling. From 1900-0700, the Survey Technicians may be asked to map the seafloor using the EM2040 multibeam sonar unit. During leg 3, no trap-video sampling will occur – multibeam sonar mapping will occur 24-hours per day. (A) Fisheries Acoustic Surveys: Split-beam acoustic surveys using Pisces Simrad EK-80 scientific echosounder (18 kHz, 38 kHz, 120 kHz, 200 kHz) will be conducted during the day to help determine exact trap-video sampling locations and quantify fish abundance around sampling sites. The science party is familiar with EK80 operation and will be capable of self-operation following orientation to the vessel’s computer network and data storage procedures. It is imperative that the EK80 is calibrated before the SEFIS cruise. EK80 calibration

Oceanographic Survey of Cross Seamount and Control Sites (OES0703L1, EK60). The goals of the cruise were to collect acoustic backscatter and oceanographic data at Cross Seamount (18°43.285’ N, longitude 158° 15.710’ W), with an approximately 400 m deep plateau, and at control sites in the surrounding environment. Data collected consisted of CTD casts, trawl samples, and continuous monitoring of currents and biological acoustic backscatter. CTD cats were conducted at predetermined stations. CTDs were equipped with oxygen sensors and fluorometers, and water was sampled at discrete depths during each cast for chloropigment determinations. Trawl operations were conducted at predetermined stations using a Cobb trawl at depths of the shallow (nighttime) and deep (day and nighttime) sound scattering layers. Currents were continuously monitored using a RD Instruments Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) operating at 75 kHz frequency. Biological backscatter were recorded using the EK60 echosounder system (38, and 120 kHz) along predetermined transects.

The Ecosystem Monitoring surveys contribute to stock assessments, protected species assessments, ecosystem assessments, and climate assessments. As such, the surveys are multi-objective. Ichthyoplankton and hydrographic data are collected for stock assessments. A range of ecosystem observations are made, from nutrients and ocean acidification to marine mammals, and these measurements are used in NEFSC ecosystem assessment products. The ocean acidification and hydrographic measurements are incorporated into the region’s climate assessments. This survey is multidisciplinary and as such will integrate all these operations. The cruise plan will evolve with input from scientists as well as the officers and crew of Pisces. A post-cruise meeting will focus on lessons learned and improvements to make for subsequent The survey consists of 120 random-stratified and 42 fixed stations in the Middle Atlantic Bight, Southern New England, Georges Bank and the Gulf of Maine (Figure 1). These stations are distributed at varying distances, and as such there is no fixed expectation of number to be covered each day. Rather, the progress of the survey will depend on transit time, sea state, and water depth of the stations, with deeper stations requiring more time to complete operations. Some stations will also have more complex operations scheduled, such as a water cast and a bongo tow, which will increase the amount of time spent on-station. All station locations and a detailed cruise track will be provided to the vessel prior to sailing to allow the navigation officer ample time to load this information into the navigation systems. The Mid-Atlantic Bight, Southern New England, Georges Bank, and western Gulf of Maine stations will be prioritized for sampling. A cruise track will be planned to best sample these regions. All of this is dependent on weather conditions and may be altered by the vessel command in coordination with the Chief Scientist. The Commanding Officer and Chief Scientist will jointly modify the track during the cruise as weather conditions and time constraints vary to best achieve the cruise objectives. Highest reasonable cruising speeds should be employed to improve the potential to complete the cruise missions. Supplemental sampling may be added to the cruise track if essential cruise objectives will be completed before the scheduled return date. Potential areas of interest include the central Gulf of Maine, warm core eddies along the northeast shelf-break, and regions near wind energy lease areas. The Commanding Officer and Chief Scientist will jointly modify the track during the cruise to add supplemental science sampling if cruise objectives are met and the cruise can continue to provide valuable science for NOAA. The deployments of the Seabird 19+ (with and without bongos) and 911+ CTD units will use the two hydrographic winches and a CTD computer located in the dry lab. (A) Random Plankton Stations: A Seabird CTD profiler attached to an array of two bongo nets (61 and 20 cm diameters) will be deployed at 120 randomly selected stations, time permitting (Figure 2). In addition, a Seabird CTD 19+ profiler will be deployed alone to collect seawater for salinity calibrations, at deep stations (>205 m), following the bongo tow, which only goes to a maximum depth of 200 m depth (B) Fixed Oceanography Stations: A Seabird 911+ CTD will be deployed on a rosette frame with a carousel water sampling system (SBE32) and 12 10-liter Niskin bottles at 35 of the fixed stations (Figure 3). This package will collect profiles of water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and oxygen levels to within 5 meters of the bottom, or to a maximum depth of 500 meters. Water samples collected by the Niskin sampling bottles at multiple depths along the upcast will be processed for nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) analysis, a water filtered for chlorophyll analysis. A sub-set of stations, approximately 18, will also conduct a bongo tow. (C)