This dataset contains a point cloud (Slumgullion_PointCloud.laz), 1-meter digital surface model (Slumgullion_DSM.tif), and orthoimagery (0.1-meter resolution) (Slumgullion_Ortho.tif) of the active portion of the Slumgullion landslide in Lake City, Colorado. The Slumgullion landslide is a translational slide with a continuously moving, active portion and an inactive portion. 896 photos from a Sony A7R Mark IV, RGB61 camera mounted on a Wingtra 1 GEN II fixed-wing uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) were collected on June 3, 2024 (Slumgullion_UAV_Images_Geotags.zip). The images were georeferenced using post-possessed kinematics (PPK) from the onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) of the aircraft with corrections from a concurrently operating base station within the study area. The point cloud and digital surface model products were created from the georeferenced photos from four UAV flights using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques with the software Agisoft Metashape (v. 2.1.0 build 17532). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

We performed a ground-based, interferometric, synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) survey of the Slumgullion landslide located in Hinsdale County, Colorado. The survey was performed 26 June 2010-1 July 2010 and utilized the IBIS-L InSAR system developed by IDS Corporation. Radar measurements were supplemented by hourly in-situ displacement, pore-water pressure, and rainfall measurements. In-situ displacement was measured using electronic cable extension transducers (extensometers) at three locations and GPS surveying at one location. Pore-water pressures were measured at three locations using electronic vibrating-wire pressure transducers (piezometers). Rainfall was measured at one location using a tipping-bucket rain gage. Georeferenced InSAR data were obtained as cumulative line-of-sight displacement of points on and off of the landslide, and in-situ displacement data were obtained as cumulative displacement parallel to the radar line of sight. InSAR data were obtained continuously (hourly) throughout the survey period while in-situ data were obtained sporadically but generally on an hourly basis. These data are associated with a study described in Schulz, W.H., Coe, J.A., Ricci, P.P., Smoczyk, G.M., Shurtleff, B.L., and Panosky, J., 2017, Landslide kinematics and their potential controls from hourly to decadal timescales: Insights from integrating ground-based InSAR measurements with structural maps and long-term monitoring data: Geomorphology, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.02.011.

We monitored displacement of the Slumgullion landslide located in Hinsdale County, Colorado. We measured displacement at the ground surface between 12 August 2011 and 10 October 2018, and in the subsurface between 4 September 2016 and 7 December 2016. Both types of data were acquired at irregular time intervals. Displacement at the ground surface was measured at locations within the upper, middle, and lower parts of the landslide using electronic cable extension transducers (extensometers) with stated ±0.7 mm accuracy (Extensometer_data.csv). Subsurface displacement was measured near the middle of the landslide using a 16-sensor array of 30.48-cm-long tilt sensors (inclinometer) installed within a PVC-cased borehole. Each tilt sensor has stated 0.003 mm displacement resolution and long-term displacement accuracy of ±0.23 mm. Tilt sensor readings are provided (Inclinometer_data.csv) in terms of horizontal position relative to the array bottom. Sensors were oriented so that position values increased in the general direction of landslide movement and decreased in the opposite direction; the tilt sensor array did not penetrate the landslide base so measurements indicate potential differential displacement within the landslide body. Sensors are numbered from 1 to 16 with 1 being the deepest sensor and 16 being the shallowest. The inclinometer was installed within a depth range of 4.93-9.81 m from 4 September 2016 to 17 October 2016 and within a depth range of 0-4.88 m from 19 October 2016 to 7 December 2016. Data from the deeper installation of 4 September 2016 to 17 October 2016 revealed that differential displacement occurred there, with material at shallower depths having moved farther downslope than deeper material. However, data from the shallower installation of 19 October 2016 to 7 December 2016 revealed a general lack of differential displacement with depth, other than relaxation of backfill around the array that permitted tilting of some sensors in the direction opposite the landslide movement direction. These data support a study described in Hu, X., Bürgmann, R., Schulz, W.H., and Fielding, E.J., 2020, Four-dimensional surface motions of the Slumgullion landslide and quantification of hydrometeorological forcing: Nature Communications, v. 11, 2792, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16617-7.

The maps in this data release show active landslide structures in three areas along the north flank of the Slumgullion landslide. After the entire active part of the landslide was mapped in 1992 and 1993 (Fleming and others, 1999), we remapped these three smaller areas at roughly decadal intervals. Our goal was to learn what structures might persist and how they might change as heterogeneous landslide material of variable thickness passed through the areas. Together with the original 1999 map, these maps provide snapshots of the deformational features at converging and diverging margins of the landslide at four periods in about a 30-year time span (1992-2023). During summer months in 2002, 2013, and 2023, we conducted 1:1000-scale mapping using a traditional technique of manually drawing lines on topographic base maps to represent the structures we observed in the field. There was generally a lapse of two or more years between acquisition of the topographic base data and the field mapping. Meters of landslide displacement during the lapse resulted in a mismatch between the topographic map and topography on the active landslide at the time of our fieldwork. When drawing features on the topographic base, we referenced fixed topographic features directly north of the active landslide’s strike-slip boundary to compensate for the mismatch. The data are recorded in Geographic Information System (GIS) files that contain the line styles used to portray and distinguish the different landslide structures. The files record the shapes and positions of the mapped landslide structures. An index of line styles used to portray mapped structures is shown in Figure 1. Topographic base maps used for the 2002, 2013, and 2023 structural maps were from 2000, 2011, and 2018, respectively. One-meter Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), contours, and shaded-relief maps from these three years are included in this data release. The 2000 DEM was created from 2 m contours of the landslide on July 31, 2000, as originally published in Messerich and Coe (2003). The 2011 DEM was created by the authors using a structure-from-motion photogrammetric method and 1:6000 scale aerial photos acquired on September 23, 2011. The 2018 DEM is lidar data collected between October 5, 2018 and September 24, 2019, with the original data available from the U.S. Geological Survey 3DEP Lidar Explorer (U.S. Geological Survey, 2024). The contour interval used for the 2000 DEM is 2 m. The contour interval used for the 2011 and 2018 DEM is 1 m. All GIS data are projected in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 13N cartesian coordinate system. Portable Document Format (PDF) files of the landslide structure maps of each area in 2002, 2013, and 2023, are also provided. Figure 1. Line and polygon types used for landslide structures and features mapped at the Slumgullion landslide. References Fleming, R.W., Baum, R.L., and Giardino, Marco, 1999, Map and description of the active part of the Slumgullion Landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series Map I-2672 , scale 1:1,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2672 Messerich, J.A. and Coe, J.A., 2003, Topographic map of the active part of the Slumgullion landslide on July 31, 2000, Hinsdale County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-144, 7 p., 1:1,000 scale map. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-144/ U.S. Geological Survey, 2024, 3DEP Lidar Explorer, data available at: http://prd-tnm.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html?prefix=StagedProducts/Elevation/1m/Projects/CO_Southwest_NRCS_2018_D18

Digital Surface Model (DSM) of a small hillslope with a landslide, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Data were collected by a team from University of São Paulo (USP) composed of: Grohmann, C.H., Gomes, E.B., Garcia, G.P.B., Viana, C.D., within the scope of research grant FAPESP #2016/06628-0 "Application of high-resolution digital elevation models in geology and geomorphology" (PI: Carlos H. Grohmann, IEE-USP).

Digital Surface Model (DSM) of a small hillslope with a landslide, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Data were collected by Tomasini Geo-Technologies company, along with a team from University of São Paulo (USP) composed of: Grohmann, C.H., Gomes, E.B., Garcia, G.P.B., Viana, C.D., within the scope of research grant FAPESP #2016/06628-0 "Application of high-resolution digital elevation models in geology and geomorphology" (PI: Carlos H. Grohmann, IEE-USP).

Digital elevation models of the SR530 Landslide, created using structure from motion photogrammetry. These surveys were performed at irregular intervals between July 1, 2014 and July 7, 2015.

Pluvials can have dramatic impacts on the shoreline bluffs of Lake Michigan due to increases in both shallow subsurface moisture conditions related to the prolonged wet weather pattern and wave erosion as the lake level rises. These changes can result in an increased frequency and magnitude of slope failures. During the most recent pluvial, the monthly average level of Lake Michigan rose 1.9 m from a record low in January 2013 to a near record high in June-July 2020. To assess the impacts on coastal bluffs from slope failures during the recent pluvial, an inventory of landslides was completed, including slope failures active during the early part of the pluvial, on the coastal bluffs of South Manitou Island, part of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in Michigan. Landslides were mapped using high-resolution orthoimagery, collected in April 2012, and high-resolution topography derived from two LiDAR data sets, the first collected in December 2014 and the second collected between November 2015 and March 2016. This data release presents geographic information system (GIS) data, provided as line and polygon shapefiles (.shp), depicting landslides and related landforms and features. Polygon map data delineates the areas of deposits, source areas, and related landforms (such as alluvial fans and colluvial aprons). Scarps (such as headscarps and minor scarps) are presented as hachured line data. An attribute file is included providing a definition of the mapped units and a brief description of the approach used in the mapping.

Chalk Cliffs, located 8 miles southwest of Buena Vista, Colorado, is one of the most active debris-flow areas in the state (U.S. Geological Survey). This "Child item" page includes videos of debris flows captured by one of the high-definition cameras at the monitoring site in Chalk Cliffs, CO. This camera (Wide-angle Camera) is located near Station 1 on the opposite side of the basin with a broad view of the channel. The attached figure "station_and_camera_locations.png" provides an overview figure with the location of the two cameras and three stations along the channel. Video recording for all cameras is triggered using a rainfall threshold, derived from rainfall measurements from rain gauges (Michel et al., 2019). The complete videos for all the cameras are downloaded manually during site visits. More detailed information about the cameras and settings used can be found in the metadata file under “Process steps” in “Data quality information.” During 2015, several debris flows were captured by the 'Wide-angle Camera'. The videos for all debris flows captured by this camera along with the dates they were captured can be found in the attached zip files. The file names indicate "date_camera_debrisflow." The following citations relate to reports that provide background information for this data release: Michel, A., Kean, J.W., Smith, J.B., Allstadt, K.E., Coe, J.A. (2019). Taking the pulse of debris flows: Extracting debris-flow dynamics from good vibrations in southern California and central Colorado. Debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, Monitoring, Modeling, and Assessment. http://dx.doi.org/10.25676/11124/173224 U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program. (2020). Chalk Cliffs, Colorado. U.S Geological Survey, https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/landslide-hazards/science/chalk-cliffs-colorado?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Kean, J.W., Smith, J.B., and Coe, J.A., 2020, Debris-flow monitoring data, Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MUWDFN.