This data release includes ground control points (GCPs) collected during two uncrewed aerial system (UAS) imagery surveys conducted at an edge-of-field site north of Medina River Natural Area near San Antonio, Texas, on August 14, 2019, and July 8, 2022. Ten GCPs were used on each survey date, and a total of twenty GCPs are described in this data release.

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01. Twenty temporary ground control points (GCPs) consisting of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns were distributed throughout the area to establish survey control. The GCP positions were measured using real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS, using corrections from a GPS base station located on a benchmark designated SFML, located approximately 1 kilometer from the study area. The GCP positions are presented in a comma-delimited text file.

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during the unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the Los Padres Reservoir delta, Carmel River valley, CA, 2017-11-01. Twenty temporary ground control points (GCPs) consisting of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns were distributed throughout the area to establish survey control. The GCP positions were measured using real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS, using corrections from a GPS base station located on a benchmark designated SFML, located approximately 1 kilometer from the study area. The GCP positions are presented in a comma-delimited text file.

Low-altitude digital images were taken over an area of the Potomac River in Point of Rocks, Maryland using 3DR Solo unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) on October 24, 2019. The imagery was collected for the purpose of evaluating UAS assessment of river habitat data such as water depth, substrate type, and water clarity. Some photographs contain black and white targets used as ground control points (GCPs), which were surveyed by a field crew with a high-precision (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System and/or containing internal post processing kinematic (PPK) GPS system. This data release contains the csv files containing the latitude and longitude coordinates, in Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 18N referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011), of the ground control points.

Low-altitude digital images were taken over an area of the Potomac River in Point of Rocks, Maryland using 3DR Solo unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) on October 24, 2019. The imagery was collected for the purpose of evaluating UAS assessment of river habitat data such as water depth, substrate type, and water clarity. Some photographs contain black and white targets used as ground control points (GCPs), which were surveyed by a field crew with a high-precision (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System and/or containing internal post processing kinematic (PPK) GPS system. This data release contains the csv files containing the latitude and longitude coordinates, in Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 18N referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011), of the ground control points.

This data release includes aerial imagery collected during two uncrewed aerial system (UAS) imagery surveys at an edge-of-field site north of Medina River Natural Area near San Antonio, Texas, on August 14, 2019, and July 8, 2022. A total of 1,153 images were collected during the survey on August 14, 2019, and a total of 1,277 images were collected during the survey on July 8, 2022. In total, 2,430 images provided in the form of geotagged true-color aerial images in JPG format are provided.

In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) surveyed ground control points and coordinated aerial photograph acquisition of Dorena Lake, a multi-purpose reservoir in western Oregon impounded by the 44-meter ([m]; 144-foot [ft]) tall Dorena Dam. Aerial photographs were acquired by the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) in December 2023 when water levels were one meter above typical annual “low pool” or minimum pool, a target elevation (236 m/773 ft National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 [NGVD 29]) for flood risk management operations. Photographs were acquired at a single altitude with a WaldoAir XCAM Ultra 50 camera mounted on a Cessna aircraft and captured the entire reservoir area as defined by full pool (or maximum conservation pool elevation), including the major tributary entering the reservoir, the Row River. Dam operations at the 708-hectare (1750-acre) Dorena Lake, located about 11 kilometers upstream of the confluence of the Row River and the Coast Fork Willamette River, along with other hydrogeomorphic conditions, result in a diverse array of geomorphic processes and landforms within the reservoir. To document reservoir floor geomorphology, the USGS applied structure-from-motion (SfM) techniques to these aerial photographs, following the workflow outlined in Over and others (2021) and used for similar datasets (Schwid and others, 2025), and generated a three-dimensional xyz point cloud, digital surface model (DSM), and orthomosaic of Dorena Lake. This data release includes ground control points, dataset footprints, original aerial photographs, a point cloud, a DSM, and an orthomosaic of Dorena Lake that were developed from imagery acquired on December 18, 2023. The point cloud has an average point density of 29.9 points per square meter, the DSM resolution is 18.3 centimeters per pixel, and the orthomosaic ground resolution is 9.14 centimeters per pixel. The DSM and orthomosaic are formatted as Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs (COGs) for enhanced web visualization (GDAL, 2024). This documentation describes a CSV file containing ground control point locations collected on November 19, 2024, that were used to spatially register SfM datasets of Dorena Lake, Oregon. References: Agisoft, 2025, Agisoft Metashape User Manual - Professional Edition Version 2.2: Agisoft LLC, 115 p., accessed August 11, 2025, at https://www.agisoft.com/pdf/metashape_2_2_en.pdf. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing [ASPRS], 2008, LAS Specification Version 1.2: ASPRS, approved September 2, 2008, 13 p., accessed August 11, 2025, at https://www.asprs.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/asprs_las_format_v12.pdf. Geospatial Data Abstraction Library [GDAL], 2024, COG -- Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF generator: GDAL, webpage, accessed August 11, 2025, at https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/cog.html#raster-cog. Over, J.R., Ritchie, A.C., Kranenburg, C.J., Brown, J.A., Buscombe, D., Noble, T., Sherwood, C.R., Warrick, J.A., and Wernette, P.A., 2021, Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6—Structure from motion workflow documentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1039, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039. Schwid, M.F., Keith, M.K., and Overstreet, B.T., 2025, High-resolution orthoimagery and digital surface models of Fern Ridge Lake, Oregon, during annual low pool, January and February, 2023: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Q5K657.

Low-altitude aerial images were taken over an area of the Potomac River in Brunswick, Maryland using 3DR Solo unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) on October 22, 2019. The imagery was collected for the purpose of evaluating UAS assessment of river habitat data such as water depth, substrate type, and water clarity. Some photographs contain black and white targets used as ground control points (GCPs), which were surveyed by a field crew with a high-precision (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System and/or containing internal post processing kinematic (PPK) GPS system. This data release contains the csv files containing the latitude and longitude coordinates, in Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 18N referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011), of the ground control points.

Low-altitude aerial images were taken over an area of the Potomac River in Brunswick, Maryland using 3DR Solo unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) on October 22, 2019. The imagery was collected for the purpose of evaluating UAS assessment of river habitat data such as water depth, substrate type, and water clarity. Some photographs contain black and white targets used as ground control points (GCPs), which were surveyed by a field crew with a high-precision (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System and/or containing internal post processing kinematic (PPK) GPS system. This data release contains the csv files containing the latitude and longitude coordinates, in Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 18N referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011), of the ground control points.

This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zones at Puget Creek and Dickman Mill Park, Tacoma, WA, on 2019-06-03. Twelve temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout each survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of a combination of small square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns and "X" marks placed on the ground using temporary chalk. The GCP positions were measured using post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS, using corrections from a GPS base station located approximately 5 kilometers from the study area. The GCP positions are presented in a comma-delimited text file.