Multispectral satellite image data from the upper Sacramento River in northern California were acquired on October 18, 2017, to support research on remote sensing of rivers, particularly retrieval of water depth, and to facilitate efforts to characterize salmon habitat conditions and geomorphic change along the upper Sacramento River. These data were collected by the WorldView-3 (WV3) satellite, operated by DigitalGlobe and obtained through the EnhancedView license program administered by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA); the image data remain copyright of DigitalGlobe (2018). DigitalGlobe performed initial radiometric and geometric processing of the image. The data were acquired from the WorldView-3 satellite from an orbit with an altitude of 617 km and have a spatial resolution (pixel size) of 1.36 m. The data set consists of 8 spectral bands spanning the visible and near infrared wavelength range from 400-954 nanometers. The image pixel values represent raw digital counts and conversion to radiance, atmospheric correction, and reflectance retrieval have not been performed for the image included in this data release. The image is in a GeoTIFF format with pixel values stored as 16-bit unsigned integers. The image provided in this data release is a subset focused on the reach of the Sacramento River where it is joined by its tributary Cottonwood Creek. Supporting field data from this reach were collected in coordination with the acquisition of the remotely sensed data.

An unmanned aerial system was used to acquire hyperspectral image data from the upper Sacramento River in northern California on September 13, 2017, to support research on remote sensing of rivers, particularly retrieval of water depth, and to facilitate efforts to characterize salmon habitat conditions and geomorphic change along the upper Sacramento River. These data were collected by the Nano-Hyperspec imaging system, manufactured by Headwall Photonics, Inc. The flight was conducted by Headwall Photonics, Inc.; Headwall also performed the initial radiometric and geometric data processing. The data were acquired from a DJI Matrice M600 UAS and have a spatial resolution (pixel size) of 0.178 m. The data set consists of 276 spectral bands spanning the visible and near infrared wavelength range from 396.025 - 1005.09 nanometers. Reflectance retrieval was performed by Headwall using their SpectralView software package. The image pixel values represent reflectances and are stored as floating point 32-bit single precision numbers. The image data file has a band sequential (BSQ) interleave and is in an ENVI-compatible file format with an associated header (*.hdr) text file. The image provided in this data release is focuses on the reach of the Sacramento River where it is joined by its tributary Cottonwood Creek. Supporting field data from this reach were collected in coordination with the acquisition of the remotely sensed data.

Airborne hyperspectral image data from the upper Sacramento River in northern California were acquired on September 14, 2017 to support research on remote sensing of rivers, particularly retrieval of water depth, and to facilitate efforts to characterize salmon habitat conditions and geomorphic change along the upper Sacramento River. These data were collected by the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) 1500H, manufactured by ITRES Research Limited. The flight was conducted by Quantum Spatial, Inc. (QSI); QSI also performed the initial radiometric and geometric data processing. The data were acquired from fixed wing aircraft and have a spatial resolution (pixel sizes) of 0.5 m. The data set consists of 48 spectral bands spanning the visible and near infrared wavelength range from 0.373 - 1.043 micrometers. Atmospheric correction and reflectance retrieval were performed by QSI using the ATCOR4 software package. The image pixel values represent reflectance with a scale factor of 10,000 and are stored as 16-bit signed integers. The image data file has a band sequential (BSQ) interleave and is in an ENVI-compatible *.bsq file format with an associated header (*.hdr) text file. The image provided in this data release is a subset focused on the reach of the Sacramento River where it is joined by its tributary Cottonwood Creek. Supporting field data from this reach were collected in coordination with the acquisition of the remotely sensed data.

Bathymetric LiDAR data from the upper Sacramento River in northern California were acquired September 10-17, 2017, to support research on remote sensing of rivers, particularly mapping water depth, and to facilitate efforts to characterize salmon habitat conditions and geomorphic change along the upper Sacramento River. These data were collected using a Riefl VQ-880-Gairborne laser scanning system designed for combined hydrographic and topographic surveying. The flight was conducted by Quantum Spatial, Inc. (QSI); QSI also performed all processing of the raw LiDAR data. The data were acquired from fixed wing aircraft and were used to produce tiled point clouds in a .las format and interpolated topo-bathymetric raster Digital Elevation Models (DEM's) with a 1 m cell size in an Arc GRID format. The rasters provided in this data release are subsets focused on the reach of the Sacramento River where it is joined by its tributary Cottonwood Creek; supporting field data from this reach were collected in coordination with the acquisition of the remotely sensed data. Three files based on the LiDAR coverage are included in this data release: 1) a topographic DEM with water surface elevations in the channel; 2) a bathymetric DEM with channel bed elevations; and 3) a depth map produced by subtracting the bathymetric DEM from the topographic DEM to calculate the depth as the difference between the water surface elevation and the bed elevation. These data sets are provided as ENVI format files with associated header files.

Field measurements of water depth were acquired from a reach of the upper Sacramento River in northern California, September 12-14, 2017, to support research on salmon habitat and geomorphic change along the Sacramento River and, more broadly, remote sensing of rivers. The depth measurements included in this data release were obtained by wading the shallow channel margins with RTK GPS receivers and measuring water surface elevations along the water's edge and bed elevations within the channel; depths were calculated by subtracting bed elevations from the nearest water surface elevation. For the deeper areas representing most of the channel, depths were recorded along a series of cross-sections by a SonTek RiverSurveyor S5 acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and an Ohmex SonarMite echo sounder, both deployed from a jet boat. The spatial location of each measurement was obtained via GPS receivers: Trimble R8 and R10 RTK rovers for the wading and echo sounder measurements and a differential GPS included as part of the RiverSurveyor S5 ADCP instrument package. The map projection and datum for these data are UTM Zone 10 N and NAD83, respectively. The wading-, echo sounder-, and ADCP-based depth measurements were cross-calibrated to one another and are combined for the purposes of this data release, which consists of a comma-delimited (*.csv) text file with three columns: East_m, North_m, and Depth_m; the units of the spatial coordinates and the depths are meters. This ground-based data set played a critical role in developing improved methods for mapping river bathymetry from remotely sensed data.

Field measurements of water depth were acquired from a reach of the upper Sacramento River in northern California, September 12-14, 2017, to support research on salmon habitat and geomorphic change along the Sacramento River and, more broadly, remote sensing of rivers. The depth measurements included in this data release were obtained by wading the shallow channel margins with RTK GPS receivers and measuring water surface elevations along the water's edge and bed elevations within the channel; depths were calculated by subtracting bed elevations from the nearest water surface elevation. For the deeper areas representing most of the channel, depths were recorded along a series of cross-sections by a SonTek RiverSurveyor S5 acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and an Ohmex SonarMite echo sounder, both deployed from a jet boat. The spatial location of each measurement was obtained via GPS receivers: Trimble R8 and R10 RTK rovers for the wading and echo sounder measurements and a differential GPS included as part of the RiverSurveyor S5 ADCP instrument package. The map projection and datum for these data are UTM Zone 10 N and NAD83, respectively. The wading-, echo sounder-, and ADCP-based depth measurements were cross-calibrated to one another and are combined for the purposes of this data release, which consists of a comma-delimited (*.csv) text file with three columns: East_m, North_m, and Depth_m; the units of the spatial coordinates and the depths are meters. This ground-based data set played a critical role in developing improved methods for mapping river bathymetry from remotely sensed data.

This data release includes multispectral images and field measurements of water depth from the Sacramento River near Glenn, California, used to evaluate the potential for efficient reach-scale mapping of river bathymetry using Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS). The images were acquired by a MicaSense RedEdge-MX Dual Camera deployed from a Trinity F90 vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAS. The 4 km long study area along the Sacramento River was subdivided into three distinct but adjacent areas of interest (AOIs) and image data were collected from one AOI each day between September 14 and 16, 2021. The image data were ortho-rectified using Quantum-Systems QBase 3D and Agisoft Metashape software and saved as GeoTIFF files. A header text file is also included with each of the images and includes information on the 10 bands of the MicaSense RedEdge-MX Dual Camera, which include: Band 1 (Coastal blue): 444 nm Band 2 (Blue): 475 nm Band 3 (Green): 531 nm Band 4 (Green): 560 nm Band 5 (Red): 650 nm Band 6 (Red): 668 nm Band 7 (Red Edge): 705 nm Band 8 (Red Edge): 717 nm Band 9 (Red Edge): 740 nm Band 10 (Near Infrared): 842 nm Each image has an associated ENVI format header text file that also contains this spectral information. The pixel values for these images are digital numbers between 0 and 65535 for all 10 spectral bands. To convert these digital numbers to reflectance values between 0 and 1, divide each pixel value in each band by 32768. To display the images as a familiar true-color composite, band 5 can be displayed as red, band 4 as green, and band 2 as blue. Water depths were measured directly in the field to calibrate relationships between depth and reflectance and to assess the accuracy of image-derived depth estimates. In shallow areas along the margins of the channel, depth measurements were made while wading with a Trimble R10 real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver to record spatial coordinates and riverbed elevations. Additional points along the edge of the water were surveyed to capture the water surface elevation and depths for points within the channel were calculated by subtracting the local bed elevation from the nearest water surface elevation. For deeper areas that could not be waded safely, another Trimble R10 RTK GNSS receiver was mounted on a boat with an outboard motor and connected to a Seafloor Systems SonarMite echo sounder that measured the water depth. The boat-based data were collected along a series of 25 channel-spanning cross sections and one longitudinal profile that extended over the full length of the study area. The map projection and datum for the shapefiles and GeoTIFF images contained in this data release are UTM Zone 10 N and NAD83, respectively. Each shapefile has coordinates in units of meters and the depth measurements are also in meters.

Field spectra were collected from a reach of the upper Sacramento River in northern California, September 11-14, 2017, to support research on remote sensing of rivers. Reflectance measurements were made from a boat near the confluence of Cottonwood Creek with the Sacramento River using an Analytical Spectral Devices FieldSpec3 spectroradiometer operated in reflectance mode. The depth at each spectral measurement location was interpolated from field measurements of depth obtained with an acoustic Doppler current profiler and an echo sounder. This data release provides both the reflectance spectra and the interpolated depths and can be used to develop relationships between depth and reflectance for mapping river bathymetry from field spectra or passive optical remotely sensed data.

Topographic surveys were completed during eight summer surveys (in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020 and 2021) at 10 sites along the Carmel River, CA: Berwick (BW), Control Reach (CR), Crossroads (CRO), DeDampierre Lower (DDL), DeDampierre Upper (DDU), Dam Reach (DM), Reservoir Reach (RS), San Carlos (SC), Sleepy Hollow (SH), and Schulte Road (SR)). Topographic measurements were made at multiple locations along four to six cross-section transects per site using a total station (at sites CR, RS, DM and SH) and with an auto level and survey rod (at sites DDU, DDL, BW, SR, SC and CRO). This dataset contains the cross-sectional elevation measurements for each transect and survey year. The elevation measurement locations along each transect were located by measuring distances between corresponding endpoint coordinates, starting from river left (see accompanying file within this data release for topographic survey transect endpoint coordinates). For the transects measured with a total station (CR, RS, DM and SH), horizontal coordinates, elevation and distance from the left bank end point are provided. For the transects measured with an auto level (DDU, DDL, BW, SR, SC and CRO), only elevation and distance from left bank end point are provided (horizontal coordinates are defined as NULL for these transects). Vertical coordinates are referenced to the NAVD88 vertical datum, in units of meters. Horizontal coordinates are referenced to the NAD83(2011) reference frame, projected in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates (zone 10N). These data supersede grain-size data originally published in 2017 at https://doi.org/10.5066/F74M93HF.

Topographic surveys were completed during eight summer surveys (in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020 and 2021) at 10 sites along the Carmel River, CA: Berwick (BW), Control Reach (CR), Crossroads (CRO), DeDampierre Lower (DDL), DeDampierre Upper (DDU), Dam Reach (DM), Reservoir Reach (RS), San Carlos (SC), Sleepy Hollow (SH), and Schulte Road (SR)). Topographic measurements were made at multiple locations along four to six cross-section transects per site using a total station (at sites CR, RS, DM and SH) and with an auto level and survey rod (at sites DDU, DDL, BW, SR, SC and CRO). This dataset contains the cross-sectional elevation measurements for each transect and survey year. The elevation measurement locations along each transect were located by measuring distances between corresponding endpoint coordinates, starting from river left (see accompanying file within this data release for topographic survey transect endpoint coordinates). For the transects measured with a total station (CR, RS, DM and SH), horizontal coordinates, elevation and distance from the left bank end point are provided. For the transects measured with an auto level (DDU, DDL, BW, SR, SC and CRO), only elevation and distance from left bank end point are provided (horizontal coordinates are defined as NULL for these transects). Vertical coordinates are referenced to the NAVD88 vertical datum, in units of meters. Horizontal coordinates are referenced to the NAD83(2011) reference frame, projected in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates (zone 10N). These data supersede grain-size data originally published in 2017 at https://doi.org/10.5066/F74M93HF.