This data release provides the measurement of anthropogenic metals and other elements in sediments of a core obtained off San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay.

These data represent a one-time synoptic survey of sampled soils, pavement dust, and stream sediment in 10 urban watersheds in three regions of the United States (Pacific Northwest, northeast, and southeast) to evaluate sources of sediment and two groups of common urban contaminants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. Analyses of samples from six of the watersheds included fallout radionuclides to facilitate identification of sediment sources to the streams. Scripts used in R to test selected explanatory variables for the urban contaminants using Generalize Additive Models (GAMs) are included. The percentage of the watershed that was sealed pavement and the percentage of the sediment sample from pavement dust were used as explanatory variables in statistical models of PAH and metal concentrations in the streams. This child item includes four data files containing the metals and PAH concentration data, radionuclide activity data, and pavement mapping statistics; a data dictionary describing the attributes in each data file; R scripts; the associated input files used for the GAM modeling; and a data dictionary for the input files.

Samples were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (IN2017_V01; Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles. Ten litres seawater samples were collected using a CTD rosette equipped with Niskin® bottle and filtered through a 0.45µm Acropak® capsule filter directly into acid-cleaned 10 L polyethylene jerrycans. Samples were then acidified to pH 2 with 2 mL/L of distilled 6M HCl in a laminar flow hood. These samples were analysed for neodymium (Nd) isotopes, a tracer of ocean circulation. In the home laboratory (IMAS Trace-Metal Lab, UTAS, Hobart, Australia), seawater samples were pre-concentrated using pre-packed Nobias® PA1L (Hitachi Technologies, Japan) chelating resin cartridges following the method of Pérez-Tribouillier et al., (2019). Rare Earth Elements were separated using anion-exchange chromatography (Anderson et al., 2012) and cation-exchange chromatography (Struve et al., 2016). Finally, Nd isotopes were isolated using LN-Spec column chemistry (Pin and Zalduegui, 1997). Purified seawater sample Nd concentrations were checked prior to isotopic analysis using Sector Field Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the Central Science Laboratory (UTAS, Hobart, Australia). Nd isotope ratio measurements were then carried out at the Geochemistry Laboratory of the School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences of Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, using a Thermo Finnigan Triton thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS). Data were reduced offline for outlier rejection and corrected using 146Nd/144Nd = 0.7219 for mass fractionation using the exponential law, and 144Sm/147Sm = 0.20667 for the Sm interference correction on mass 144. JNdi standard data produced for two load sizes using two amplifier configurations were identical: 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512110 ± 24 2sd (46 ppm 2rsd, n = 16) for 1 ng loads using 1013Ω amplifiers, vs. 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512112 ± 3 2sd (6 ppm 2rsd, n = 6) for 100 ng loads using 1011Ω amplifiers. The corrected 143Nd/144Nd were normalised to the JNdi standard with the published value of 0.512115 (Tanaka et al., 2000). Nd isotopic compositions are reported as eNd = [(143Nd/144Nd)sample / (143Nd/144Nd)CHUR - 1]x10,000 , where CHUR is the Chondritic Uniform Reservoir with 143Nd/144Nd)CHUR = 0.512638 (Jacobsen and Wasserburg, 1980). References - Anderson R. F., Fleisher M. Q., Robinson L. F., Edwards R. L., Hoff J. A., Moran S. B., van der Loeff M. R., Thomas A. L., Roy-Barman M. and Francois R. (2012) GEOTRACES intercalibration of 230Th, 232Th, 231Pa, and prospects for 10Be. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 10, 179–213. A - Armand L. K., O’Brien P. E., Armbrecht L., Baker H., Caburlotto A., Connell T., Cotterle D., Duffy M., Edwards S., Evangelinos D., Fazey J., Flint A., Forcardi A., Gifford S., Holder L., Hughes P., Lawler K.-A., Lieser J., Leventer A., Lewis M., Martin T., Morgan N., López-Quirós A., Malakoff K., Noble T., Opdyke B., Palmer R., Perera R., Pirotta V., Post A., Romeo R., Simmons J., Thost D., Tynan S. and Young A. (2018) Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Res. Publ. - Jacobsen S. B. and Wasserburg G. J. (1980) Sm-Nd isotopic evolution of chondrites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 50, 139–155. - Pérez-Tribouillier H., Noble T. L., Townsend A. T., Bowie A. R. and Chase Z. (2019) Pre-concentration of thorium and neodymium isotopes using Nobias chelating resin: Method development and application to chromatographic separation. Talanta, 1–10. - Pin C. and Zalduegui J. F. S. (1997) Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements , thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: Application to isotopic

To examine sediment transport and provenance between a marsh and estuary, surface sediments were collected along two transects in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi (GNDNERR). Each shore-perpendicular transect consisted of fifteen surface samples, collected every 2.5 meters (m) from 10-m out into the estuary to 25-m into the marsh from the shoreline. Sediment samples were analyzed for their physical and radiochemical properties or signatures. Sediment samples were collected during U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) field activity number (FAN) 2017-315-FA (alternate FAN, [altFAN] 17CCT02) in April 2017. Marsh and estuarine surface samples were collected as part of the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) Estuarine-MaRsh Geology (EMRG) research project. Please read the full metadata for details on data collection, dataset variables, and data quality.

Sediment particles can strongly bind metals, effectively repartitioning them from solution to a solid phase. As a result, sediments may accumulate and retain metals released to an aquatic environment. Sediment cores provide a historical record of metal inputs that can reveal anthropogenic influences (Förstner and Wittmann, 1979). Specifically, studies of sediment cores in San Francisco Bay chronicled metal inputs and suggested that legacy contamination can remain a chronic source of metals to the system owing to sediment mixing and redistribution (Hornberger and others, 1999; Van Geen and Luoma, 1999). Metals in sediments also indicate exposure levels to benthic animals through contact with, and ingestion of, bottom sediments and suspended particulate materials. However, physical and geochemical conditions of the sediment affect the biological availability of the bound metals. Assimilation of bioavailable sediment-bound metal by digestive processes and the contribution of this source of metals relative to metals in the aqueous phase are difficult to predict from sediment concentrations alone. Thus, in order to better estimate bioavailable metal exposures, the tissues of organisms may be analyzed for trace metals (Phillips and Rainbow, 1993). Different species concentrate metals to different degrees. However, if one species is analyzed consistently, the results can be used to track temporal changes in trace-element exposures at a specified location. This data release includes the sediment and tissue metal data starting in January 2019 and is presented in 13 tables as comma-separated values (.CSV) files as follows: T1_Sediment_Summary as a summary of the fine sediment, silver, aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel, selenium, zinc and total organic carbon in the sediment. T2_Sediment_Metals_ICPOES provides detailed silver, aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel, selenium and zinc data collected by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES) T3_Sediment_Hg_Se reports detailed mercury and selenium data T4_TOC reports detailed total organic carbon data from the sediment T5_Tissue_Metals reports the silver, chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc data collected from clams with the size and mass of the collected clam tissue for each sample date. T6_Tissue_Hg_Se reports the mercury and selenium data collected from clam tissue collected by size fraction and collection date. T7_QA_ICPOES_Sediment_SRM reports the standard reference material run data for certified reference standards for sediment analyzed on the ICP-OES. T8_QA_ICPOES_Tissue_SRM reports the standard reference material run data collected for certified standards for biological tissues analyzed on the ICP-OES. T9_QA_Hg_ Se reports the standard reference materials run for mercury and selenium data T10_QA_Spike_Recovery reports the spike recovery runs for the ICP-OES T11_QA_ICPOES_Blanks reports the procedural blanks run on the ICP-OES T12_QA_MDL_MRL reports the annual method detection limits and method reporting limits for the listed analyte T13_QA_SRM_reference_values reports the reference values for each of the reported standard reference material included in this data release

Historical lead mining in Madison County, Missouri, USA has left a legacy of metals contamination. Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect of water hardness and age of crayfish on the toxicity of environment-based metals mixture. Additionally, the effects of chronic exposure to a metals mixture to egg development in adult crayfish were assessed. These data are comprised of measurements of elements (i.e., cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead), major anions (e.g., chloride, sulfate), dissolved organic carbon, and major cations (e.g, sodium, calcium, magnesium) in water samples collected during laboratory-based diluter exposure studies.

Elemental chemistry and weight percent of the less than 0.063 mm fine sediment fraction are reported for surface sediments from shoals, the ebb tide delta, local tributaries, and inland rivers that carry sediment to San Francisco Bay, California.

Trace metal concentrations are reported in micrograms per gram of sediment in core C012-PC05 (64⁰ 40.517’ S, 119⁰ 18.072’ E, water depth 3104 m). Each sediment sample (100-200mg) was ground using a pestle and mortar and digested following an initial oxidation step (1:1 mixture of H2O2 and HNO3 acid) and open vessel acid on a 150 degree C hotplate using 2:5:1 mixture of concentrated distilled HCl, HNO3 and Baseline Seastar HF acid. After converting the digested sample to nitric acid, an additional oxidation step was performed with 1:1 mixture of concentrated distilled HNO3 and Baseline Seastar HClO4 acid. A 10% aliquot of the final digestion was sub-sampled for trace metal analyses. Trace metal concentrations were determined by external calibration using an ELEMENT 2 sector field ICP-MS from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen, Germany) at Central Science Laboratory (University of Tasmania). The following elements were analysed in either low (LR) or medium resolution (MR): Sr88(LR), Y89(LR), Mo95(LR), Ag107(LR), Cd111(LR), Cs133(LR), Ba137(LR), Nd146(LR), Tm169(LR), Yb171(LR), Tl205(LR), Pb208(LR), Th232(LR), U238(LR), Na23(MR), Mg24(MR), Al27(MR), P31(MR), S32(MR), Ca42(MR), Sc45(MR), Ti47(MR), V51(MR), Cr52(MR), Mn55(MR), Fe56(MR), Co59(MR), Ni60(MR), Cu63(MR), Zn66(MR).

This data set describes the concentrations of copper, lead and iron in the calcareous tests of heart urchins that were exposed to spiked sediments for 60 days. Porewater is the water extracted from between sand grains. Filtered porewater has been filtered. DGT stands for Diffuse Gel Transfer. The HCl extraction listed in one of the excel spreadsheets is an extraction from the actual sediment. The fields in this dataset are: Isotope Concentration Porewater Filtered Porewater DGT Porewater

Sediment cores were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator, during the IN2017_V01 voyage from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles. The cores were collected using a multi-corer (MC), were sliced every centimetre, wrapped up in plastic bags, and stored in the fridge. Back at the home laboratory (IMAS, UTAS, Hobart, Australia), sediment samples were dried in an oven at 40°C. Three hundred mg of dry sediment was then homogenised and vortexed for 10-sec with 12 mL of a reductive solution of 0.005M hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) / 1.5% Acetic Acid (AA) / 0.001M Na-EDTA / 0.033M NaOH, at pH 4 (Huang et al., 2021). The leach mixture was then centrifuged, and 6 mL of the supernatant solution was collected into a Teflon vial. This solution was taken to dryness, oxidized with 1 mL HNO3 + 100 µL H2O2, and redissolved in 4 mL of 7.5M HNO3. A 0.5 mL aliquot was separated from the 4 mL solution for trace metal analysis by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) at the Central Science Laboratory (UTAS, Hobart, Australia). Indium was added as internal standard (In, 100 ppb). 88Sr, 89Y, 95Mo, 107Ag, 109Ag, 111Cd, 133Cs, 137Ba, 146Nd, 169Tm, 171Yb, 185Re, 187Re, 205Tl, 208Pb, 232Th, 238U, 23Na, 24Mg, 27Al, 31P, 32S, 42Ca, 47Ti, 51V, 52Cr, 55Mn, 56Fe, 59Co, 60Ni, 63Cu and 66Zn were analysed using multiple spectral resolutions. Element quantification was performed via external calibration using multi-element calibration solutions (MISA suite, QCD Analysts, Spring Lake, NJ, USA). Raw intensities were blank and dilution corrected. References Armand, L. K., O’Brien, P. E., Armbrecht, L., Baker, H., Caburlotto, A., Connell, T., … Young, A. (2018). Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Research Publications, (March). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/13/5acea64c48693 Huang, H., Gutjahr, M., Kuhn, G., Hathorne, E. C., and Eisenhauer, A. (2021). Efficient Extraction of Past Seawater Pb and Nd Isotope Signatures From Southern Ocean Sediments. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 22(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009287