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Data from: Proteomics analysis reveals novel host molecular mechanisms associated with thermotherapy of 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus'-infected citrus plants
,Background Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is linked to the bacterial Candidatus pathogen 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las), is the most devastating disease of citrus plants, and longer-term control measures via breeding or genetic engineering have been unwieldy because all cultivated citrus species are susceptible to the disease. However, the degree of susceptibility varies among citrus species, which has prompted efforts to identify potential Las resistance/tolerance-related genes in citrus plants for application in breeding or genetic engineering programs. Plant exposure to one form of stress has been shown to serendipitously induce innate resistance to other forms of stress and a recent study showed that continuous heat treatment (40 to 42 °C) reduced Las titer and HLB-associated symptoms in citrus seedlings. The goal of the present study was to apply comparative proteomics analysis via 2-DE and mass spectrometry to elucidate the molecular processes associated with heat-induced mitigation of HLB in citrus plants. Healthy or Las-infected citrus grapefruit plants were exposed to room temperature or to continuous heat treatment of 40 °C for 6 days.,Results An exhaustive total protein extraction process facilitated the identification of 107 differentially-expressed proteins in response to Las and/or heat treatment, which included a strong up-regulation of chaperones including small (23.6, 18.5 and 17.9 kDa) heat shock proteins, a HSP70-like protein and a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO)-binding 60 kDa chaperonin, particularly in response to heat treatment. Other proteins that were generally down-regulated due to Las infection but up-regulated in response to heat treatment include RuBisCO activase, chlorophyll a/b binding protein, glucosidase II beta subunit-like protein, a putative lipoxygenase protein, a ferritin-like protein, and a glutathione S-transferase.,Conclusions The differentially-expressed proteins identified in this study highlights a premier characterization of the molecular mechanisms potentially involved in the reversal of Las-induced pathogenicity processes in citrus plants and are hence proposed targets for application towards the development of cisgenic Las-resistant/tolerant citrus plants.,,
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Characterization of a protease produced by a
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Background Several Trichoderma strains have been reported to be effective in controlling plant diseases, and the action of fungal hydrolytic enzymes has been considered as the main mechanism involved in the antagonistic process. However, although Trichoderma strains were found to impair development of Crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of cocoa plant witches' broom disease, no fungal strain is available for effective control of this disease. We have then undertaken a program of construction of hydrolytic enzyme-overproducing Trichoderma strains aiming improvement of the fungal antagonistic capacity. The protease of an indian Trichoderma isolate showing antagonistic activity against C. perniciosa was purified to homogeneity and characterized for its kinetic properties and action on the phytopathogen cell wall. Results A protease produced by the Trichoderma harzianum isolate 1051 was purified to homogeneity by precipitation with ammonium sulfate followed by hydrophobic chromatography. The molecular mass of this protease as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was about 18.8 kDa. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence shares no homology with any other protease. The purified enzyme substantially affected the cell wall of the phytopathogen C. perniciosa. Western-blotting analysis showed that the enzyme was present in the culture supernatant 24 h after the Trichoderma started to grow in casein-containing liquid medium. Conclusions The capacity of the Trichoderma harzianum protease to hydrolyze the cell wall of C. perniciosa indicates that this enzyme may be actually involved in the antagonistic process between the two fungi. This fact strongly suggest that hydrolytic enzyme over-producing transgenic fungi may show superior biocontrol capacity.
Data from: Characterization of Levilactobacillus brevis genotypes and phenotypes from industrial cucumber fermentation identifies the presence of 1,2-propanediol metabolosomes in the species
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,Data collected from Phenotypic Microarray (PM) plates PM01 and PM02, using an Omnilog system for the characterization of four species of Levilactobacillus brevis autochthonous to commercial cucumber fermentations and two ATCC reference strains, ATCC14869 and ATCC367. Each PM plate was duplicated for each isolate and the cells were prepared as suggested by the manufacturer. Omnilog data is the result of a screening and phenotypes should be confirmed using conditions that mimic the habitat of interest. This dataset was generated for scientific research purpose only. The Levilactobacillus brevis isolates included in this dataset have publicly available genome sequences described in the Microbiology Resource Announcement peer reviewed journal.,Resources in this dataset:,
Data on how Lepidium draba responds to damage of clones
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A greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the ability of the invasive clonal plant, Lepidium draba, to cope with damage to local and different ramets. The experiment was arranged in a fully factorial split-pot design that was blocked by bench position and provenance population of the plant. Plants were grown in 'split pots', where two adjoining pots were glued together with a small opening for a lateral root to pass through. A plant with a long lateral root was placed such that one ramet was in one pot, and a connected ramet was in the adjoining pot. One ramet was randomly assigned as the 'local' ramet and the other was assigned as the 'neighbor' ramet. Three treatments were applied in a fully factorial manner: (1) connection of lateral root (connected / not connected), (2) damage to local ramet by a generalist herbivore Trichoplusia ni (damaged / undamaged); (3) damage to the local ramet by a specialist herbivore Pieris rapae (damaged / undamaged). Measured responses were the amount of foliar damage to plants, the relative growth rate of a newly applied (bioassay) herbivore (T. ni), the belowground and aboveground biomass of each ramet, and the ability of the neighboring ramet to regrow following removal of aboveground biomass.
Data on how Lepidium draba responds to damage of clones
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A greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the ability of the invasive clonal plant, Lepidium draba, to cope with damage to local and different ramets. The experiment was arranged in a fully factorial split-pot design that was blocked by bench position and provenance population of the plant. Plants were grown in 'split pots', where two adjoining pots were glued together with a small opening for a lateral root to pass through. A plant with a long lateral root was placed such that one ramet was in one pot, and a connected ramet was in the adjoining pot. One ramet was randomly assigned as the 'local' ramet and the other was assigned as the 'neighbor' ramet. Three treatments were applied in a fully factorial manner: (1) connection of lateral root (connected / not connected), (2) damage to local ramet by a generalist herbivore Trichoplusia ni (damaged / undamaged); (3) damage to the local ramet by a specialist herbivore Pieris rapae (damaged / undamaged). Measured responses were the amount of foliar damage to plants, the relative growth rate of a newly applied (bioassay) herbivore (T. ni), the belowground and aboveground biomass of each ramet, and the ability of the neighboring ramet to regrow following removal of aboveground biomass.
L-Glutamate production by lysozyme-sensitive
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Background A non-pathogenic species of coryneform bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was originally isolated as an L-glutamate producing bacterium and is now used for fermentative production of various amino acids. A mutation in the C. glutamicum ltsA gene caused susceptibility to lysozyme, temperature-sensitive growth, and L-glutamate production. Results The characteristics of eight lysozyme-sensitive mutants which had been isolated after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis were examined. Complementation analysis with the cloned wild-type ltsA gene and DNA sequencing of the ItsA region revealed that four mutants had a mutation in the ltsA gene. Among them, two mutants showed temperature-sensitive growth and overproduced L-glutamate at higher temperatures, as well as the previously reported ltsA mutant. Other two showed temperature-resistant growth: one missense mutant produced L-glutamate to some extent but the other nonsense mutant did not. These two mutants remained temperature-resistant in spite of introduction of ltsA::kan mutation that causes temperature-sensitive growth in the wild-type background. Conclusions These results indicate that a defect caused by the ltsA mutations is responsible for temperature-sensitive growth and L-glutamate overproduction by C. glutamicum. The two temperature-resistant mutants seem to carry suppressor mutations that rendered cells temperature-resistance and abolished L-glutamate overproduction.
Experimental Development of ROD Disease
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These data contain the results of ʻōhiʻa seedlings challenged with different ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) species that were exposed to either Ceratocystis lukuohia or Ceratocystis huliohia in culture. Disease development, viability, and DNA confirmation data were recorded.
Data from: Host range, biology, and thermal tolerance of Lygomusotima stria, a potential biological control agent of Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) in the USA
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,A potential biological control agent, Lygomusotima stria was collected in Thailand and Singapore and examined to determine if it was safe for release for Lygodium microphyllum. Old World climbing fern is one of the worst weeds of southern and central Florida. Old World climbing fern invades much of the southern peninsula of Florida where cost-effective, sustainable control methods are needed. Biological controls will assist land managers, reducing cost of control, and human exposure to pesticides. This agent has been recommended for field release by USDA APHIS.,Data in csv format included here is from a series of no-choice tests on neonate and third instars, oviposition, multigeneration, lower lethal temperature studies. Also included are native range collection information of L. stria and distribution data for the native Lygodium palmatum. A guide to the data files is included as 'Data files submitted to Ag Data Commons'.,
Morphology and genetics of Lythrum salicaria from latitudinal gradients of the Northern Hemisphere grown in cold and hot common gardens
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Genetic diversity may promote a plant species’ invasiveness by facilitating the evolution of local adaptation, enhanced competitive abilities, and phenotypic plasticity. We examined the possible role of genetic diversity in the invasiveness of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., a Eurasian native introduced to North America, through a broad geographic comparison of eight populations, four from Europe and four from North America. We further cultivated these populations in two common gardens varying by nearly 20 degrees of latitude to evaluate whether invasive populations exhibit heightened growth/reproductive capabilities and/or phenotypic plasticity when faced with widely varying environmental conditions. We found similar levels of genetic diversity regardless of continent of origin, indicating no loss of adaptive potential during the North American invasion, along with more rapid first-year growth of invasive populations regardless of garden. Further, we found evidence that our source populations had adapted to their respective latitudes on both continents, as plant size decreased with increases in a population’s latitude of origin. We observed no difference between continents in phenotypic plasticity in response to the widely varying conditions affecting our two gardens, suggesting either that such plasticity has played little role in the latitudinal spread of L. salicaria in North America, or that local selection has erased it over time. Our results support earlier studies demonstrating the evolution of local adaptation and increased competitiveness in invasive L. salicaria, bolstered by high levels of genetic diversity.
Morphology and genetics of Lythrum salicaria from latitudinal gradients of the Northern Hemisphere grown in cold and hot common gardens
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Genetic diversity may promote a plant species’ invasiveness by facilitating the evolution of local adaptation, enhanced competitive abilities, and phenotypic plasticity. We examined the possible role of genetic diversity in the invasiveness of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., a Eurasian native introduced to North America, through a broad geographic comparison of eight populations, four from Europe and four from North America. We further cultivated these populations in two common gardens varying by nearly 20 degrees of latitude to evaluate whether invasive populations exhibit heightened growth/reproductive capabilities and/or phenotypic plasticity when faced with widely varying environmental conditions. We found similar levels of genetic diversity regardless of continent of origin, indicating no loss of adaptive potential during the North American invasion, along with more rapid first-year growth of invasive populations regardless of garden. Further, we found evidence that our source populations had adapted to their respective latitudes on both continents, as plant size decreased with increases in a population’s latitude of origin. We observed no difference between continents in phenotypic plasticity in response to the widely varying conditions affecting our two gardens, suggesting either that such plasticity has played little role in the latitudinal spread of L. salicaria in North America, or that local selection has erased it over time. Our results support earlier studies demonstrating the evolution of local adaptation and increased competitiveness in invasive L. salicaria, bolstered by high levels of genetic diversity.
Data from: Condition‐dependent co‐regulation of genomic clusters of virulence factors in the grapevine trunk pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum
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,The ascomycete Neofusicoccum parvum, one of the causal agents of Botryosphaeria dieback, is a destructive wood‐infecting fungus and a serious threat to grape production worldwide. The capability to colonize woody tissue, combined with the secretion of phytotoxic compounds, is thought to underlie its pathogenicity and virulence. Here, we describe the repertoire of virulence factors and their transcriptional dynamics as the fungus feeds on different substrates and colonizes the woody stem. We assembled and annotated a highly contiguous genome using single‐molecule real‐time DNA sequencing. Transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing determined the genome‐wide patterns of expression of virulence factors both in vitro (potato dextrose agar or medium amended with grape wood as substrate) and in planta. Pairwise statistical testing of differential expression, followed by co‐expression network analysis, revealed that physically clustered genes coding for putative virulence functions were induced depending on the substrate or stage of plant infection. Co‐expressed gene clusters were significantly enriched not only in genes associated with secondary metabolism, but also in those associated with cell wall degradation, suggesting that dynamic co‐regulation of transcriptional networks contributes to multiple aspects of N. parvum virulence. In most of the co‐expressed clusters, all genes shared at least a common motif in their promoter region, indicative of co‐regulation by the same transcription factor. Co‐expression analysis also identified chromatin regulators with correlated expression with inducible clusters of virulence factors, suggesting a complex, multi‐layered regulation of the virulence repertoire of N. parvum.,,
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