Dataset for firefighters' absorption of PAHs and benzene using controlled residential fires. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: By contacting CDC/NIOSH. Format: The dataset contains concentrations of toxicants in breath and urine collected from study participants. A member of the public could see summarized data without PII. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Fent, K.W., C. Toennis, D. Sammons, S. Robertson, S. Bertke, A. Calafat, J. Pleil, A. Wallace, S. Kerber, D. Smith, and G. Horn. Firefighters' Absorption of PAHs and VOCs During Controlled Residential Fires by Job Assignment and Fire Attack Tactic. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 30: 338-349, (2020).

The dataset contains concentrations of toxicants in breath and urine collected from study participants. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: By contacting CDC/NIOSH. Format: The dataset contains concentrations of toxicants in breath and urine collected from study participants. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Fent, K., C. Toennis, D. Sammons, S. Robertson, S. Bertke, A. Calafat, J. Pleil, A. Wallace, S. Kerber, D. Smith, and G. Horn. Firefighters' and instructors’ absorption of PAHs and benzene during training exercises. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 222(7): 991-1000, (2019).

This dataset includes a table of the VOC concentrations detected in firefighter breath samples. QQ-plots for benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene levels in breath samples as well as box-and-whisker plots of pre-, post-, and 1 h post-exposure breath levels of VOCs for firefighters participating in attack, search, and outside ventilation positions are provided. Graphs detailing the responses of individuals to pre-, post-, and 1 h post-exposure concentrations of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene are shown. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: The original dataset contains identification information for the firefighters who participated in the controlled structure burns. The analyzed tables and graphs can be made publicly available. Format: The original dataset contains identification information for the firefighters who participated in the controlled structure burns. The analyzed tables and graphs can be made publicly available. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Wallace, A., J. Pleil, K. Oliver, D. Whitaker, S. Mentese, K. Fent, and G. Horn. Targeted GC-MS analysis of firefighters’ exhaled breath: Exploring biomarker response at the individual level. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE. Taylor & Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 16(5): 355-366, (2019).

This data set includes the emission factors and emission estimates that are used to generate the figures and tables in the manuscript. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Holder, A., A. Ahmed, J. Vukovich, and V. Rao. Hazardous air pollutants emission estimates from wildfires in the wildland urban interface. PNAS Nexus. Oxford University Press, OXFORD, UK, 2(6): pgad186, (2023).

Dataset contains a list of metabolites, their fold change after ozone exposure and a p value for that change. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: This dataset can be accessed by contacting Dr. Robert Devlin (devlin.rober@epa.gov). Format: The dataset was sent to us by the company (Metabolon) that did the metabolite analysis, including the statistical analysis). It is an excel spreadsheet that contains a row for each of the metabolites that were identified, fold changes in each metabolite after air and ozone exposure (and the p value of the ozone-induced change), and the pathway and superpathway to which each metabolite belongs. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Cheng, W., K. Duncan, A. Ghio, C. Ward-Caviness, E. Karoly, D. Diaz-Sanchez, R. Conolly, and R. Devlin. Changes in metabolites present in lung-lining fluid following exposure to humans to ozone. TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Society of Toxicology, RESTON, VA, 163(2): 430-439, (2018).

Emory University (analyzed the urine samples for pyrethroid metabolites). This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Contact Researcher. Format: Pyrethroid metabolite concentration data for 50 adults over six-weeks. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Morgan , M., J. Sobus , D.B. Barr, C. Croghan , F. Chen , R. Walker, L. Alston, E. Andersen, and M. Clifton. Temporal variability of pyrethroid metabolite levels in bedtime, morning, and 24-hr urine samples for 50 adults in North Carolina. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 144: 81-91, (2015).

Data contains daily counts of mortality across continental US. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Contact Wade.tim@epa.gov. Format: Data is contains PII. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Xi, Y., L.A. Wyatt, A. Kshirsagar, T. Wade, D.B. Richardson, M.A. Brookhart, and A. Rappold. Mortality in US Hemodialysis Patients Following Exposure to Wildfire Smoke. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. American Society of Nephrology (ASN), Washington, DC, USA, 31(8): 1824-35, (2020).

Metadata for MMWR on Canadian Wildfire Smoke episodes and asthma ED visits. Portions of this dataset are inaccessible because: Jurisdictions own data with protections under their laws and regulations. NSSP (CDC) has access to data through data-use agreements that allow for reporting at the HHS regional aggregate level. They can be accessed through the following means: For the non-public data, all end users with access are credentialled and must gain access through PIV following CDC approved protocols. All team members with access are CDC employees. For the public data that is associated with the MMWR publication, results will be presented in a visual format showing graphs of ED visit counts and air quality levels in the publication. Publicly available Aggregated data will be available in CDCStacks library system. For non-public data. Format: Data will be presented in aggregate form during dissemination phase through a publicly accessible MMWR. This dataset is associated with the following publication: McArdle, C., T. Dowling, K. Carey, J. DeVies, D. Johns, A. Gates, Z. Stein, K. van Santen, L. Radhakrishnan, A. Kite-Powell, K. Soetebier, J. Sacks, K. Sircar, K. Hartnett, and M. Mirabelli. Asthma-Associated Emergency Department Visits During the Canadian Wildfire Smoke Episodes — United States, April–August 2023. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA, 72: 926-932, (2023).

The Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System is a database management system containing EPA's recommended emission estimation factors for criteria and hazardous air pollutants. FIRE includes information about industries and their emitting processes, the chemicals emitted, and the emission factors.