sstClimSulfate is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 6.4b sstClimSulfate (6.4b sulfate aerosol forcing) - Version 1: AMIP-style experiment with control run climatological SSTs and sea ice (as in expt. 6.2a) but with aerosols consistent with conditions in year 2000 of the historical run (expt. 3.2) Experiment design: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/Taylor_CMIP5_design.pdf List of output variables: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.pdf Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.

sstClim4xco2 is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 6.2b sstClim4xco2 (6.2b SST Climatology With 4XCO2 Forcing) - Version 1: AMIP-style experiment with control run climatological SSTs and sea ice (as in 6.2a) but with quadrupled 4XCO2 imposed. Experiment design: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/Taylor_CMIP5_design.pdf List of output variables: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.pdf Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.

ML3DZCO is the EOS Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) daily binned on zonal and assorted vertical grids product for carbon monoxide (CO) derived from radiances measured by the 640 GHz radiometer. The data version is 5.1. Data coverage is from August 2, 2005 to current. Spatial coverage is near-global (-82 to +82 degrees latitude) at 4 degree latitude zonal increments. The recommended useful vertical range is between 215 and 0.00464 hPa, and the vertical resolution is about 6 km. Users of the ML3DZCO data product should read chapter 4 and section 3.7 of the EOS MLS Level 2 Version 5 Quality Document for more information. The data files contain one year of data and are archived in the netCDF4 format, which is also compatible with HDF5 readers and tools. Each file contains four group objects: lat vs pressure zonal mean, lat vs "potential temperature" zonal mean, "equivalent latitude" vs "potential temperature" zonal mean, and vortex average vs "potential temperature". Each group has a set of data (average, min, max, std dev, rms) and geolocation fields, grid attributes, and metadata.

ML3DZCO is the EOS Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) daily binned on zonal and assorted vertical grids product for carbon monoxide (CO) derived from radiances measured by the 640 GHz radiometer. The data version is 4.2. Data coverage is from August 2, 2004 to current. Spatial coverage is near-global (-82 to +82 degrees latitude) at 4 degree latitude zonal increments. The recommended useful vertical range is between 215 and 0.00464 hPa, and the vertical resolution is about 6 km. Users of the ML3DZCO data product should read chapter 4 and section 3.7 of the EOS MLS Level 2 Version 4 Quality Document for more information. The data files contain one year of data and are archived in the netCDF4 format, which is also compatible with HDF5 readers and tools. Each file contains four group objects: lat vs pressure zonal mean, lat vs "potential temperature" zonal mean, "equivalent latitude" vs "potential temperature" zonal mean, and vortex average vs "potential temperature". Each group has a set of data (average, min, max, std dev, rms) and geolocation fields, grid attributes, and metadata.

This data set provides Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) particle trajectory data products for particle receptors co-located with atmospheric column observations from the TCCON ground network. Meteorological fields from the WRF model are used to drive STILT. STILT applies a Lagrangian particle dispersion model backwards in time from a measurement location (the "receptor" location), to create the adjoint of the transport model in the form of a "footprint" field. The footprint, with units of mixing ratio per surface flux, quantifies the influence of upwind surface fluxes on greenhouse gas concentrations measured at the receptor and is computed by counting the number of particles in a surface-influenced volume and the time spent in that volume. For each column observation location, the receptors are located at 23 discrete vertical levels throughout the atmospheric column. The CMS program is designed to make significant contributions in characterizing, quantifying, understanding, and predicting the evolution of global carbon sources and sinks through improved monitoring of carbon stocks and fluxes. The System uses NASA observations and modeling/analysis capabilities to establish the accuracy, quantitative uncertainties, and utility of products for supporting national and international policy, regulatory, and management activities. CMS data products are designed to inform near-term policy development and planning.

A suite of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) products are available in Collection 6.1. The MOD21 Land Surface Temperature (LST) algorithm differs from the algorithm of the MOD11 (https://doi.org/10.5067/modis/mod11_l2.061) LST products, in that the MOD21 algorithm is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) technique, whereas the MOD11 uses the split-window technique. The MOD21 TES algorithm uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and spectral emissivity simultaneously from the MODIS thermal infrared bands 29, 31, and 32. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The MOD21C3 dataset is a monthly composite LST product that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free MOD21A1D (http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21A1D.061) and MOD21A1N (http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21A1N.061) daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the MOD21A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the MOD21A2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) layers within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. The LST, Quality Control (QC), view zenith angle, and viewing time have separate day and night SDS layers, while the values for the MODIS emissivity bands 29, 31, and 32 are the average of both the nighttime and daytime acquisitions. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Validation at stage 1 (https://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODLAND_val.html) has been achieved for the MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity data products. Further details regarding MODIS land product validation for the MOD21 data products are available from the MODIS Land Team Validation site (https://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/ValStatus.php?ProductID=MOD21).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017.* A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).* The product utilizes GEOS data replacing MERRA2. * Three new CMG products are available in the MxD21 suite (MxD21C1/C2/C3).

This data set provides environmental data that have been standardized and aggregated for use as input to carbon cycle models at global (0.5-degree resolution) and regional (North America at 0.25-degree resolution) scales. The data were compiled from selected sources (Table 2) and integrated into gridded global and regional collections of climatology variables (precipitation, air temperature, air specific humidity, air relative humidity (NA only), pressure, downward longwave radiation, downward shortwave radiation, and wind speed), time-varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations, time-varying nitrogen deposition, biome fraction and type, land-use and land-cover change, C3/C4 grasses fractions, major crop distribution, phenology, multiple soil characteristics, and a land-water mask. The temporal ranges of the data are sufficient for carbon cycle model simulations from 1801 to 2010. These data were compiled specifically for the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) as the prescribed model input driver data (Huntzinger et al., 2013). The driver data were used by 22 terrestrial biosphere models to run baseline and sensitivity simulations. The standardized data provided consistent model inputs to minimize the inter-model variability caused by differences in environmental drivers and initial conditions. Together with the sensitivity simulations, the standardized input data enable better interpretation and quantification of structural and parameter uncertainties of model estimates. Data are provided in Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata convention compliant (version 1.4) netCDF-4 file formats. There are 3,152 *.nc4 data files with this data set.

sstClim is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 6.2a sstClim (6.2a Control SST Climatology) - Version 1: AMIP-style experiment with control run climatological SSTs and sea ice. Experiment design: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/Taylor_CMIP5_design.pdf List of output variables: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.pdf Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.