This dataset adds attributes describing the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) during the observation year of wet/dry streamflow observations collected in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Streamflow observation locations are linked to the nearest National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution (NHD-HR) stream segment to obtain stream order and stream permanence (perennial/non-perennial) from NHD-HR. Additionally, the PDSI and precipitation percentile for 7.5 minute quadrangle map extents, within the extent of the conterminous United States (https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/map_indices/MapServer), during the map survey year are presented. NHD perennial/non-perennial classifications derive from the topographic maps.

This child item contains self-calibrating palmer drought severity index values for locations that correspond to the Probability of Streamflow Permanence (PROSPER) Model Output Layers for the Pacific Northwest region (version 2.1, 2004-2016), which correspond to the NHD Medium Resolution Flow Accumulation grid.

This data release includes estimated Self-Calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) values and ancillary information for three data products that had previously been developed for the Pacific Northwest Region (HUC 17). The data products are stored in three child items: 1. National Hydrography Dataset High Resolution Flowlines: This child item contains the flowlines in the National Hydrography Dataset High Resolution (NHDPlus_HR, 1946-1999). Files include flowlines within the 12 HUC4 boundaries for the study area (1701-1712). 2. Self-Calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index Values: This child items contains the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index Values for raster pixels that correspond to the Probability of Streamflow Permanence (PROSPER) Model Output Layers for the Pacific Northwest region (version 2.1, 2004-2016) and which also corresponds to the NHD Medium Resolution streamgrid (flow accumulation grid threshold of 100 pixels). 3. Results from the FLOw PERmanence (FLOwPER) Application: This child item contains the flow/no flow field observations (2019-2023) collected using the FLOw PERmanence (FLOwPER) feature mapping application. These observations were not used to train the PROSPER model; observation locations that have not been georeferenced (snapped) to NHDPlus_HR flowlines or NHD Medium Resolution streamgrid.

This child item contains estimated Self-Calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) values and ancillary information for the flowlines in the National Hydrography Dataset High Resolution (NHDPlus_HR, 1946-1999). Files include flowlines within the 12 HUC4 boundaries for the study area (1701-1712).

This data release includes data-processing scripts, data products, and associated metadata for a remote-sensing based approach to characterize vegetation sensitivity to droughts from 2000 through 2016 in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Drought sensitivity analysis was conducted in minimally-disturbed (‘intact’) forest and shrub-steppe ecosystems, defined as 1-km pixels (i.e., grid cells) that had not experienced major recent insect mortality or fire. Drought conditions were assessed using the multi-scalar standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), for which positive values indicate wetter that average conditions and negative values indicate drier than average conditions for a given site (Vicente-Serrano and others, 2010). A multi-scalar drought sensitivity index (S’) was developed for two drought intensity levels (L): moderate drought (-1.5 < SPEI ≤ -1) and severe drought (SPEI ≤ -1.5). Vegetation response to droughts was quantified using remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for summer months (June, July, and August) from 2000 through 2016. EVI is a vegetation index calculated from the blue, red, and near-infrared spectral bands representing atmospherically corrected surface reflectance and has advantages over other similar indices in its abilities to represent areas of dense vegetation (Huete and others, 2002). For each pixel, S’ represents the percent decrease in EVI under drought conditions relative to baseline (non-drought, non-pluvial) conditions. Relationships between S’ and a variety of landscape characteristics representing climatic water balance, topography, soil characteristics, and shallow groundwater availability were examined using Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modeling, a machine-learning algorithm. For detailed descriptions of data-release components, including analysis methods and modeling, please consult the appropriate metadata documents that accompany the processing scripts and data products.

This data release includes data-processing scripts, data products, and associated metadata for a remote-sensing based approach to characterize vegetation sensitivity to droughts from 2000 through 2016 in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Drought sensitivity analysis was conducted in minimally-disturbed (‘intact’) forest and shrub-steppe ecosystems, defined as 1-km pixels (i.e., grid cells) that had not experienced major recent insect mortality or fire. Drought conditions were assessed using the multi-scalar standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), for which positive values indicate wetter that average conditions and negative values indicate drier than average conditions for a given site (Vicente-Serrano and others, 2010). A multi-scalar drought sensitivity index (S’) was developed for two drought intensity levels (L): moderate drought (-1.5 < SPEI ≤ -1) and severe drought (SPEI ≤ -1.5). Vegetation response to droughts was quantified using remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for summer months (June, July, and August) from 2000 through 2016. EVI is a vegetation index calculated from the blue, red, and near-infrared spectral bands representing atmospherically corrected surface reflectance and has advantages over other similar indices in its abilities to represent areas of dense vegetation (Huete and others, 2002). For each pixel, S’ represents the percent decrease in EVI under drought conditions relative to baseline (non-drought, non-pluvial) conditions. Relationships between S’ and a variety of landscape characteristics representing climatic water balance, topography, soil characteristics, and shallow groundwater availability were examined using Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modeling, a machine-learning algorithm. For detailed descriptions of data-release components, including analysis methods and modeling, please consult the appropriate metadata documents that accompany the processing scripts and data products.

These tabular data sets represent monthly meteorological metrics processed from North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) for the hindcast (1982-2011) and forecast (2011-2023) periods of record and compiled for the spatial component of select United States Geological Survey stream gage basins (Staub and others, 2023). Flowline reach catchment information characterizes data at the local scale using the python tool set called gdptools (McDonald, 2021). The following monthly meteorological metrics were processed: reference temperature (degree Celsius), and total precipitation (millimeters) for forecast periods of 15, 45, 75, and 105 days (0.5 to 3.5 months).

This spatial data set was created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to represent the area of arid land irrigation in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States (Hydro Region 17; Major River Basin 7 (MRB7)) during 2001 within each incremental watershed delineated in the NHDPlus v2 dataset.

This metadata record describes a series of datasets containing metrics used to characterize drought for four sets of United States Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in the conterminous United States (CONUS) for three different time periods between 1921 and 2020 outlined below. The streamgages used are a subset based on the criteria used in Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, version II (GAGESII, Falcone, 2011). Time periods use climate years, April 1 through March 31. These metrics include streamflow percentiles, identified drought events, annual low streamflow drought statistics, and various attributes for each of those events. These data are arranged here by study group with the following child items: ===== 1) Select CONUS-wide GAGES-II streamflow drought metrics for the period 1921-2020. 2) Select CONUS-wide GAGES-II streamflow drought metrics for the period 1951-2020. 3) Select CONUS-wide GAGES-II streamflow drought metrics for the period 1980-2020. 4) Select Colorado River basin GAGES-II streamflow drought metrics for the period 1980-2020.

This metadata record describes a series of datasets containing metrics used to characterize drought for four sets of United States Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in the conterminous United States (CONUS) for three different time periods between 1921 and 2020 outlined below. The streamgages used are a subset based on the criteria used in Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, version II (GAGESII, Falcone, 2011). Time periods use climate years, April 1 through March 31. These metrics include streamflow percentiles, identified drought events, annual low streamflow drought statistics, and various attributes for each of those events. These data are arranged here by study group with the following child items: ===== 1) Select CONUS-wide GAGES-II streamflow drought metrics for the period 1921-2020. 2) Select CONUS-wide GAGES-II streamflow drought metrics for the period 1951-2020. 3) Select CONUS-wide GAGES-II streamflow drought metrics for the period 1980-2020. 4) Select Colorado River basin GAGES-II streamflow drought metrics for the period 1980-2020.