The U.S. Geological Survey deployed eight submersible pressure transducers In the Arkansas River at Parkdale, Colorado on March 19, 2018. An additional transducer was left out of the water to correct for barometric pressure fluctuations. At the time of deployment and recovery, the coordinates of the top of the post to which the transducer was secured was surveyed with real-time kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System surveying equipment. Also at the time of deployment and recovery, the offset between the location on the transducer that records stage and the top of the post to which the transducer was secured was measured with an engineering ruler. The transducers collected a depth measurement every 1-min until the recovery of all eight transducers on March 22, 2018. The water-surface elevation was determined by averaging the offset and coordinates of the post collected at the time of deployment and recovery and adding the water depth collected by the transducer. The data included as part of this release include the horizontal location of the eight transducers and the average water-surface elevation during deployment. In addition, the date, time, barometric pressure compensated depth measurement, and computed water-surface elevation are reported for all eight transducers for the entire deployment.

The U.S. Geological Survey deployed seven submersible pressure transducers on the bottom of the Salcha River in July 2018. An additional transducer was left out of the water to correct for barometric pressure fluctuations. At the time of deployment, the bank position near each transducer and the water-surface elevation were measured with real-time kinematic GPS equipment. The transducers collected a depth measurement every 15-min until the recovery of five of the seven in October. We adjusted the water elevation measured at deployment by the difference between the depth measured at deployment and each subsequent depth measurement to derive the water-surface elevation at 15-min intervals. The data included as part of this release include the horizontal location of the five transducers and water-surface elevation at the time of deployment. In addition, the date, time, water temperature, barometric pressure control reading, barometric pressure compensated depth measurement, and computed water-surface elevation are reported for each recovered transducer.

Water-surface elevations were recorded by submerged pressure transducers in Spring, 2015 along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, between Eugene and Corvallis. The water-surface elevations were surveyed by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) at each pressure sensor location. These water-surface elevations were logged over a small range of discharges, from 4,600 cubic feet per second to 10,800 cubic feet per second at Harrisburg, OR. These datasets were collected for equipment calibration and validation for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. This is one of multiple datasets that will be released for this effort.

This dataset includes locations and water surface elevation measurements from submersible pressure transducers deployed in channels of three rivers in Alaska: Susitna and Yukon Rivers (July-October 2020), and Nushagak River (May to September 2021).

This dataset includes locations, and water surface elevations from two submersible pressure transducers deployed in the channel of the Tanana River downstream of Fairbanks Alaska in 2016.

Water-surface elevations were recorded by 12 submerged pressure transducers deployed from fall 2017 to summer 2018 along an approximately 25-km reach of the Siletz River, Oregon. All pressure transducers were deployed in the main channel of the Siletz River. The water-surface elevations were surveyed by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) at each pressure sensor location. Data from 10 of the 12 loggers were used to calibrate hydraulic models for sections of the Siletz River.

This data set contains arrays of water velocity collected on selected transects of the Missouri River below Gavin's Point Dam near River Mile 769.8.

This dataset includes locations, pressure readings, and baro-corrected water surface elevations from three submersible pressure transducers deployed in the channel and floodplain of Snow River during the 2019 glacial lake outburst flood.

Streamflow data are essential for measuring water quality, including calculating loads of metals. Streamflow can be estimated from stage values (water height above known datum) using stage-streamflow ratings. However, in ephemeral channels, direct measurements of streamflow are often impractical due to remote, short-duration flow events, warranting the use of rating curves to derive discharge values. Recent advances in photogrammetry and low-cost uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) have enabled the creation of high-fidelity terrain models. This study used photogrammetry-derived digital surface models to extract channel geometry and model stage-streamflow ratings in the Four Corners region (the general area where the U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah boundaries converge), replacing survey of channel geometry using traditional surveying equipment. The slope-area method, using channel-geometry measurements derived from UAS generated terrain models, was used to create a rating for each site. Streamflow was simulated with USGS stage data and applying the empirical Manning equation (Dalrymple and Benson, 1967). Q=(1/n)AR^2/3S^1/2 where Q is the peak streamflow (m^3/s), n is the Manning roughness coefficient (s/m^1/3, often omitted) A is the cross-sectional area (m^2), R is the hydraulic radius (m), and S is the water surface slope (m/m, dimensionless). Discharge shows a high sensitivity to the roughness coefficient Manning's 'n.' Accurate selection of Manning's 'n', considering riparian vegetation and spatial variability is crucial. Modeling methodology and efficacy is discussed thoroughly in the associated publication (Brown et. al, 2024). This metadata file contains raw stage (depth in feet of water) values computed by the pressure transducer. This data is not corrected for barometric pressure and does not presently represent actual depth of water in the respective tributaries. References Cited: Brown, J. E., Bosch, K. E., Shephard, Z. M., Van Zante, C. A., Ball, G. P., Wickle, J., Blake, J. M., and DeBenedetto, J., 2024. Stage-streamflow modeling of ephemeral channels along the San Juan River using stage sensors and channel geometry derived from small uncrewed aircraft systems, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, (full citation to be updated upon publication) Dalrymple, T., and Benson, M. A. 1967. Measurement of peak discharge by the slope-area method: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. A2, 12 p. (Also available at https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-a2/). United States Geological Survery [USGS], 2013. Water Resources of the United States: SAC and SACGUI (ver. 2.0, August, 2013), accessed June 6, 2024 at: https://water.usgs.gov/software/SAC/