This data release includes electron microprobe and 40Ar/39Ar collected at the U.S. Geological Survey for samples from the Sukari gold deposit in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Rock samples were collected by Basem Zoheir--Benha University/University of Kiel. Muscovite from a polished thick section of sericitized wall rock was analyzed by electron probe microanalysis at the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston Electron Microbeam Laboratory. An aliquot of muscovite from this sample was microsampled from the thick section and analyzed by argon geochronology at the U.S. Geological Survey Bascom ARgon Dating (BARD) Laboratory in Reston, Virginia. The 40Ar/39Ar data constrain the timing of gold mineralization in the Sukari gold deposit.

The genetic origin of many gold deposits, including Pogo in Alaska, remains controversial with questions as to whether they formed due to magmatic-hydrothermal or metamorphic-hydrothermal fluids. Gaining a better understanding of the formation mechanisms for these deposits is critical for defining proper exploration criteria in gold-bearing regions and production within these deposits. Monazite are light rare earth (LREE)-bearing and xenotime are heavy rare earth (HREE)-bearing phosphate minerals that are found as alteration products in many gold deposits. In addition to their importance in geochronological investigations, their minor element chemistry may be used to differentiate between metamorphic, magmatic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal origin. This data release provides electron microprobe geochemical data that is used to showcase differences in these phosphates when derived from magmatic-hydrothermal systems compared to metamorphic-hydrothermal systems. The electron microprobe data was collected by personnel of the Central Region Minerals Program in Denver, Colorado, for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program (MRP). Appreciable differences in chemistry were noted for deposits associated with alkaline magmatic systems (Taurus, AK, and Cripple Creek, CO), calc-alkaline magmatic systems (Pebble, AK, and Butte, MT), and orogenic gold systems derived from metamorphic-hydrothermal systems (systems from Grass Valley, the Mother Lode, and the Klamath Mountains in CA). These characteristics were then applied to the controversially classified Pogo gold deposit, Alaska, in order to provide evidence for how it formed. Following initial study, new electron microprobe geochemical data for this updated data release were collected from reduced intrusion-related gold deposits at the Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center in Denver, Colorado, to add to the database. This new data allows better comparison between gold deposits formed from reduced magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, oxidized magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, and metamorphic-hydrothermal fluids.

The genetic origin of many gold deposits, including Pogo in Alaska, remains controversial with questions as to whether they formed due to magmatic-hydrothermal or metamorphic-hydrothermal fluids. Gaining a better understanding of the formation mechanisms for these deposits is critical for defining proper exploration criteria in gold-bearing regions and production within these deposits. Monazite are light rare earth (LREE)-bearing and xenotime are heavy rare earth (HREE)-bearing phosphate minerals that are found as alteration products in many gold deposits. In addition to their importance in geochronological investigations, their minor element chemistry may be used to differentiate between metamorphic, magmatic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal origin. This data release provides electron microprobe geochemical data that is used to showcase differences in these phosphates when derived from magmatic-hydrothermal systems compared to metamorphic-hydrothermal systems. The electron microprobe data was collected by personnel of the Central Region Minerals Program in Denver, Colorado, for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program (MRP). Appreciable differences in chemistry were noted for deposits associated with alkaline magmatic systems (Taurus, AK, and Cripple Creek, CO), calc-alkaline magmatic systems (Pebble, AK, and Butte, MT), and orogenic gold systems derived from metamorphic-hydrothermal systems (systems from Grass Valley, the Mother Lode, and the Klamath Mountains in CA). These characteristics were then applied to the controversially classified Pogo gold deposit, Alaska, in order to provide evidence for how it formed. Following initial study, new electron microprobe geochemical data for this updated data release were collected from reduced intrusion-related gold deposits at the Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center in Denver, Colorado, to add to the database. This new data allows better comparison between gold deposits formed from reduced magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, oxidized magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, and metamorphic-hydrothermal fluids.

This data release includes 40Ar/39Ar data from the U.S. Geological Survey for samples from the Gidami gold deposit in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Rock samples were collected by Basem Zoheir--Benha University/University of Kiel. Potassium-bearing mineral grains were separated from the bulk sample and analyzed by argon geochronology at the U.S. Geological Survey Bascom ARgon Dating (BARD) Laboratory in Reston, Virginia. The data constrain the timing of gold mineralization in the Gidami gold deposit.

This data release includes electron microprobe and 40Ar/39Ar data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey for samples from the Raft River metamorphic core complex in Utah, USA. Rock samples were collected by Raphael Gottardi, currently at Auburn University. Muscovite in thin sections from quartzites, micaceous quartzites, and quartz-kyanite rocks were analyzed by electron probe microanalysis at the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston Electron Microbeam Laboratory. Muscovite and K-feldspar from the same suite of rocks were analyzed by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology at the U.S. Geological Survey Bascom ARgon Dating (BARD) Laboratory in Reston, Virginia.

This data release provides geochemical results of in situ electron probe microanalyses of hydrothermal muscovite associated with gold-bearing quartz veins from the Klamath Mountains, California. Samples were collected from eight different mines in the summer of 2013 and electron probe microanalyses were carried out May 27, 2014 and November 12, 2019.

This data release provides geochemical results of in situ electron probe microanalyses of hydrothermal muscovite associated with gold-bearing quartz veins from the Klamath Mountains, California. Samples were collected from eight different mines in the summer of 2013 and electron probe microanalyses were carried out May 27, 2014 and November 12, 2019.

This data release includes electron microprobe and 40Ar/39Ar measurements collected at the U.S. Geological Survey for samples from the East Derby Shear Zone (EDSZ) in Connecticut, USA. Rock samples were collected by Bryan Wathen, now at the University of Wisconsin. Muscovite, biotite, chlorite, plagioclase, and K-feldspar were analyzed by electron probe microanalysis at the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston Electron Microbeam Laboratory. Aliquots of muscovite from several samples were analyzed by argon geochronology at the U.S. Geological Survey Bascom ARgon Dating (BARD) Laboratory in Reston, Virginia. The 40Ar/39Ar data constrain the cooling history of the rocks around the EDSZ as well as the time(s) of deformation in the EDSZ.

This data release includes electron microprobe and 40Ar/39Ar measurements collected at the U.S. Geological Survey for samples from the East Derby Shear Zone (EDSZ) in Connecticut, USA. Rock samples were collected by Bryan Wathen, now at the University of Wisconsin. Muscovite, biotite, chlorite, plagioclase, and K-feldspar were analyzed by electron probe microanalysis at the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston Electron Microbeam Laboratory. Aliquots of muscovite from several samples were analyzed by argon geochronology at the U.S. Geological Survey Bascom ARgon Dating (BARD) Laboratory in Reston, Virginia. The 40Ar/39Ar data constrain the cooling history of the rocks around the EDSZ as well as the time(s) of deformation in the EDSZ.

This dataset accompanies planned publication 'Unmixing multiple metamorphic muscovite age populations with powder X-ran diffraction and 40Ar/39Ar analysis'. The 40Ar/39Ar and electron microprobe data are from samples adjacent to a lower greenschist facies shear zone in western New Hampshire. The geochronology coupled with the electron microprobe data provide a petrochronologic framework for the rocks studied in the manuscript. Samples collection was supervised by Ryan McAleer, Gregory Walsh, and Peter Valley of the USGS.