Transcriptional crosstalk between mammary gland liver and adipose tissue Experiment Overall Design: Pregnant and Lactating rats exposed to 3 gravity conditions

Physical forces greatly influence the growth and function of an organism. Altered gravity can perturb normal development and induce corresponding changes in gene expression. Understanding this relationship between the physical and biological realms is important for NASA s space travel goals. We use combined RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR to profile changes in early Drosophila melanogaster pupae exposed to chronic hypergravity (3 g three times Earth s gravity) to highlight gravity-dependent pathways and gene products. Robust transcriptional response was evident among the pupae developed in a hypergravity environment compared to control. 1,513 genes showed significantly (p < 0.05) altered gene expression in the 3 g samples. These findings were supported with qRT-PCR data. Major biological processes affected include ion transport redox homeostasis immune and humoral stress response proteolysis and cuticle development.

The Rodent Research-3 (RR-3) mission was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Co. and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space to study the effectiveness of a potential countermeasure for the loss of muscle and bone mass that occurs during spaceflight. Twenty BALB/c 18-weeks old female mice (ten controls and ten treated) were flown to the ISS and housed in the Rodent Habitat for 39-42 days. Twenty mice of similar age sex and strain were used for ground controls housed in identical hardware and matching ISS environmental conditions. Basal controls were housed in standard vivarium cages. Spaceflight ground controls and basal groups had blood collected then were euthanized had one hind limb removed and finally whole carcasses were stored at -80 C until dissection. All mice in this data set received only the control/sham injection.

Physical forces greatly influence the growth and function of an organism. Altered gravity can perturb normal development and induce corresponding changes in gene expression. Understanding this relationship between the physical and biological realms is important for NASA s space travel goals. We use combined RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR to profile changes in early Drosophila melanogaster pupae exposed to chronic hypergravity (3 g three times Earth s gravity) to highlight gravity-dependent pathways and gene products. Robust transcriptional response was evident among the pupae developed in a hypergravity environment compared to control. 1,513 genes showed significantly (p < 0.05) altered gene expression in the 3 g samples. These findings were supported with qRT-PCR data. Major biological processes affected include ion transport redox homeostasis immune and humoral stress response proteolysis and cuticle development.

Physical forces greatly influence the growth and function of an organism. Altered gravity can perturb normal development and induce corresponding changes in gene expression. Understanding this relationship between the physical and biological realms is important for NASA's space travel goals. We use combined RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR to profile changes in early Drosophila melanogaster pupae exposed to chronic hypergravity (3 g, three times Earth's gravity) to highlight gravity-dependent pathways and gene products. Robust transcriptional response was evident among the pupae developed in a hypergravity environment compared to control. 1,513 genes showed significantly (p less than 0.05) altered gene expression in the 3 g samples. These findings were supported with qRT-PCR data. Major biological processes affected include ion transport, redox homeostasis, immune and humoral stress response, proteolysis, and cuticle development.

Human and animal studies indicate that maternal obesity can negatively impact aspects of metabolism and neurodevelopment in the offspring. Not known, however, is whether maternal exercise can alter these adverse outcomes. In this study, Long-Evans female rats were provided a high fat (60%; HFD) or control diet (CD) 44 days before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Running wheels were available to half of each diet group during the gestational period only: CD diet with (CDRW) or without (sedentary; CDSED) exercise, and HFD with (HFRW) or without (HFSED) exercise. The offspring in this study were put on control diet after weaning and examined using a number of behavioral evaluations up to 4 months of age. Offspring of CDRW dams weighed less than offspring from CDSED dams, as well as from HFD dams. After weaning, the lower weight in CDRW offspring persisted in male, but not female, rats. Male (females not tested) offspring from HFSED dams performed worse than other groups in a Morris water maze during initial spatial training as well as reversal learning; memory was not impacted. Female, but not male, offspring from the HFSED dams showed less preference for chocolate milk during a 2-bottle choice test. No differences were seen in tests of novel object recognition, social approach, or locomotor activity. Thus, maternal diet and exercise produced differential effects on growth and selective behaviors in the offspring, and the data demonstrate a positive impact of maternal exercise on the offspring in that it ameliorated some deleterious behavioral effects of a maternal high fat diet. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Moser, V., K. Mcdaniel, E. Wooland, P. Phillips, J. Franklin, and C. Gordon. IMPACTS OF MATERNAL DIET AND EXERCISE ON OFFSPRING BEHAVIOR AND GROWTH. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 46-50, (2017).

Human and animal studies indicate that maternal obesity can negatively impact aspects of metabolism and neurodevelopment in the offspring. Not known, however, is whether maternal exercise can alter these adverse outcomes. In this study, Long-Evans female rats were provided a high fat (60%; HFD) or control diet (CD) 44 days before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Running wheels were available to half of each diet group during the gestational period only: CD diet with (CDRW) or without (sedentary; CDSED) exercise, and HFD with (HFRW) or without (HFSED) exercise. The offspring in this study were put on control diet after weaning and examined using a number of behavioral evaluations up to 4 months of age. Offspring of CDRW dams weighed less than offspring from CDSED dams, as well as from HFD dams. After weaning, the lower weight in CDRW offspring persisted in male, but not female, rats. Male (females not tested) offspring from HFSED dams performed worse than other groups in a Morris water maze during initial spatial training as well as reversal learning; memory was not impacted. Female, but not male, offspring from the HFSED dams showed less preference for chocolate milk during a 2-bottle choice test. No differences were seen in tests of novel object recognition, social approach, or locomotor activity. Thus, maternal diet and exercise produced differential effects on growth and selective behaviors in the offspring, and the data demonstrate a positive impact of maternal exercise on the offspring in that it ameliorated some deleterious behavioral effects of a maternal high fat diet. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Moser, V., K. Mcdaniel, E. Wooland, P. Phillips, J. Franklin, and C. Gordon. IMPACTS OF MATERNAL DIET AND EXERCISE ON OFFSPRING BEHAVIOR AND GROWTH. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 46-50, (2017).

Microgravity as well as chronic muscle disuse are two causes of low back pain originated at least in part from paraspinal muscle deconditioning. At present no study investigated the complexity of the molecular changes in human or mouse paraspinal muscles exposed to microgravity. The aim of this study was to evaluate longissimus dorsi and tongue (as a new potential in-flight negative control) adaptation to microgravity at global gene expression level. C57BL/N6 male mice were flown aboard the BION-M1 biosatellite for 30 days (BF) or housed in a replicate flight habitat on ground (BG). Global gene expression analysis identified 89 transcripts differentially regulated in longissimus dorsi of BF vs. BG mice (False Discovery Rrate < 0,05 and fold change < -2 and > +2) while only a small number of genes were found differentially regulated in tongue muscle ( BF vs. BG = 27 genes). Overall Design: C57BL/N6 mice were randomly divided in 3 groups: Bion Flown (BF) mice flown aboard the Bion M1 biosatellite in microgravity environment for 30 days; Bion Ground (BG) mice housed in the same habitat of flown animals but exposed to earth gravity; and Flight Control (FC) mice housed in a standard animal facility.

METADATA OUTLINE SHEET 1 STUDY INFORMATION SHEET 2 RANDOM ASSISNMENT OF PREGNANT RATS TO TREATMENT GROUPS SHEER 3 MATERNAL WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN DURING DOSING and fetal DATA RAW DATA RESULTS PREDICTIONS OF DOSE ADDITIVITY SHEET 4 TESTOSTERONE (T PROD) DATA RAW DATA SAS INPUT FILES TREATMENT EFFECTS SHEET 5 CUSTOM GENE (mRNA) SAS INPUT FILE WITH SAS STATEMENTS AND RQW DATA SHEET 6 RESULTS FROM STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CUSTOM ARRAY mRNA DATA CUSTOM ARRAY: LIST OF GENES AND GENE DESCRIPTIONS SHEET 7 PREDICTION MODELS OF TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION REDUCTIONS AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF IN UTERO PHTHALATE EXPOSURE SHEET 8 TREATMENT EFFECTS PREDICTED FROM THE TESTOSTERONE PREDICTION MODELS COMPARISON OF THE PREDICTED EFFECTS OF THE DBP+DINP MIXTURE WITH OBSERVED EFFECTS OF THE REFERENCE CHEMICAL (DBP) AT EQUIVALENT DOSES, ASSUMING DOSE ADDITIVITY. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Gray, L., C. Lambright, N. Evans, J. Ford, and J. Conley. Using Targeted Fetal Rat Testis Genomic and Endocrine Alterations to Predict the Effects of a Phthalate Mixture on the Male Reproductive Tract.. Current Research in Toxicology. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 7: 100180, (2024).