The data document the results of several microbe bioassays performed by the USGS on Phragmites australis plants, including those performed on mature leaves, seedlings, and dead leaf tissues exploration of the literature to find accounts of microbes associated with Phragmites worldwide. For the bioassays, we prepared 162 pure cultures isolated from Phragmites plants in North America along the east coast, Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes area, 125 of which were from a previous study, and 38 represent new collections. The DNA sequences used to identify the 37 new collections are included. Microbes were isolated from plants collected from 2015-2018. We performed assays using both North American plant lineages (Phragmites australis subsp. australis and Phragmites australis subsp. americanus) on mature leaves and seedlings. Data included here report each plant's reaction to microbial inoculation. Finally, to put our findings in context, we surveyed Phragmites-associated microbes assembled from multiple extensive literature sources representing a worldwide extent These data will be valuable to researchers interested in effects of leaf microbes on Phragmites health and invasiveness of the non-native lineage. Additionally, the data have implications for potential biocontrol of Phragmites.

To determine the differences in soil microbial community composition between native and non-native lineages of Phragmites, we sampled soils from eight sites in the Great Lakes basin where populations of native and non-native Phragmites co-occurred. In addition, we included samples of soils from 27 populations of Phragmites across the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coasts of the US. Samples were collected between July 2015 and September 2017. At each site in the Great Lakes, we sampled rhizosphere and bulk soil surrounding one ramet of each lineage. Samples from Atlantic and Gulf coasts were collected by homogenizing rhizosphere soils from multiple ramets of one population within a single lineage. DNA was extracted from soils and fungal, bacterial, and oomycete DNA was amplified to identify the microbial constituents. Amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. This dataset includes outputs of bioinformatic analysis of sequences including operational taxonomic unit (OTU) generation, OTU abundance, resolved taxonomy, and environmental metadata collected in our survey. Raw sequences were uploaded to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under SRA accession number PRJNA601975. First posted: October 22, 2020 (available by request) Minor Revision: December, 2020 (version 1.1)

These data tables contain data collections from field experiments of Phragmites australis (ssp. australis) treated with known fungal endophytes. Tiller counts, tiller diameter, and tiller height measurements were taken every two weeks over an eight-week study period. Clones of Phragmites plants were collected from three different locations: Sandusky, Michigan; Bloomington, Indiana; and the Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge near Oak Harbor, Ohio. Additionally, data collections from a similar experiment of Phragmites australis (ssp. australis) treated with known fungal endophytes performed in a growth chamber are included. Tiller numbers and tiller heights were measured every three weeks over 15 total weeks for the growth chamber experiment. Plants from both experiments were collected and processed to determine dry weights and fungal communities were sequenced. All sequence data were submitted to GenBank (NCBI Accession Numbers: OM26200-OM262384).

These data represent the first reference genome for the invasive Phragmites australis ssp. australis (1.14 giga base pairs (Gbp)), as well as output from comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses for invasive and native genotypes coexisting in the Great Lakes region of North America. Genome sequencing data used tillers and associated rhizome tissues collected from a single P. australis patch at the Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge near Toledo, Ohio, USA. Transcriptome analyses were produced from samples collected from three invasive and three native genotype P. australis patches from four sites around the Great Lakes in Michigan and Ohio, USA.

Bacteria were isolated from seeds of non-native Phragmites australis (haplotype M) then representatives were evaluated for their capacities to become intracellular in root cells, and their effects on: 1.) germination rates and seedling growth, 2.) susceptibility to damping-off disease, and 3.) mortality and growth of competitor plant seedlings (dandelion (Taraxacum officionale F. H. Wigg) and curly dock (Rumex crispus L.)). The experiments included the following assessments of Phragmites-associated bacteria (Pseudomonas spp, strains Sandy LB4 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and West 9 (Pseudomonas sp.)): capacity for plant growth promotion (using Poa annua seeds), Poa annua and Phragmites australis seed germination and seedling root architecture, disease protection (co-culture experiments with soil fungi), damping off disease control (with pathogen Fusarium oxysporum), and multiple competitor inhibition experiments (with Taraxacum officionale and Rumex crispus L.). In total, 10 laboratory experiments were performed, data from eight of which are recorded in this data release.

To determine the potential for controlling non-native Phragmites australis through use of a cut-to-drown management strategy we performed a controlled greenhouse mesocosm experiment in Ann Arbor, MI during summer 2021. Field collected Phragmites rhizomes from one site within Michigan were propagated, cuttings taken of individual stems and potted in nursery pots. Established plants were then subjected to a complete factorial combination of three submergence treatments (no submergence, partial submergence of aboveground tissues, and compete submergence of aboveground tissues) and 3 cutting treatments (no cutting, spring cutting of above ground tissues, and summer cutting of aboveground tissues). By performing weekly monitoring of plant growth, harvesting of a subset of plant tissues and overwintering of the remaining plants, we were able to examine difference in biomass production, non-structural carbohydrate content and future viability of Phragmites plants receiving different cut-to-drown treatments.

Surveys were conducted as part of an assessment of the Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh 1820 beds on the east coast of Tasmania by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO) Division of Fisheries seaweed program in the early 1950's. Surveys were conducted because of interest in the Macrocystis beds as a source of alginates. Surveys were done between 1950 and mid 1953. The paper was published in 1954.

The project systematically surveys the extent and condition of remnant native vegetation on railway corridors / roadsides . A standard drive-by survey methodology is used to record dominant species (overstorey, understorey, emergent, threatened and alien species), structural type, density/distribution and understorey vegetation type in roadside vegetation. Mapping outputs are used to inform roadside vegetation management by Local and State Governments.