This data release contains output from a numerical snow simulation for a 65 kilometer (km) × 81 km model domain in parts of Montana and Wyoming, United States, encompassing the Gallatin River watershed upstream of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage near Gallatin Gateway, MT (06043500). Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model convection-permitting and orography-resolving regional climate simulations with 4-km horizontal resolution provided the atmospheric forcing conditions to SnowModel in both a historical and future climate scenario. Two continuous, 13-water-year (2001-2013) WRF model simulations were utilized: (1) a historical climate control (CTL) simulation forced using ERA-Interim reanalysis, and (2) a future climate simulation using the pseudo-global-warming (PGW) method that uses the ERA-Interim reanalysis for the same period as (1) and adds an ensemble mean climate delta from the end of the century (2071-2100) for the most extreme 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. The ten SnowModel simulated outputs provided in this data release include (1) air temperature (tair), (2) precipitation (prec), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) liquid precipitation (rpre), (5) liquid water supplied to the soil-snow interface from snowmelt (smlt), (6) snow sublimination (ssub), (7) liquid water supplied to the soil-snow or soil-air interface either from snowmelt or rainfall (roff), (8) snow depth (snod), (9) snow water equivalent depth (swed), and (10) snow density (sden). The simulations used to produce these outputs were conducted on a 30-m geospatial grid. Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2010 North American Land Change Monitoring System and elevation information was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset. The historical (CTL) and future climate (PGW) simulations were conducted using annual precipitation bias correction surfaces (prec_cf), which were computed by comparing SnowModel-simulated CTL snow water equivalent to Natural Resources Conservation Service snow telemetry station (SNOTEL) observations to generate a precipitation correction that was interpolated using SnowModel.

This data release contains SnowModel snow evolution simulation output on a 100-meter (m) geospatial grid for a 311 kilometer (km) × 300 km model domain in Colorado, United States, encompassing the Colorado and Gunnison River Basin headwaters in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model convection-permitting and orography-resolving (4-km grid spacing) regional climate simulations provided the atmospheric forcing conditions to drive SnowModel in both a current and future climate scenario. A pair of continuous 13-water-year (2001-13) WRF model simulations was utilized: (1) a current climate control (CTL) simulation forced using ERA-Interim reanalysis, and (2) a future climate simulation using the pseudo-global-warming (PGW) method that uses the ERA-Interim reanalysis for the same period as (1) and adds an ensemble mean climate delta from 100 years in the future for the most extreme Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. The six SnowModel simulated outputs provided separately as child items in this data release include (1) air temperature (tair), (2) precipitation (prec), (3) precipitation amount falling as snow (spre), (4) snow water equivalent (swed), (5) liquid water supplied to the soil-snow interface from snowmelt (smlt), and (6) liquid water supplied to the soil-snow or soil-air interface either from snowmelt or rainfall (roff). The simulations used to produce these outputs were conducted on a 100-m geospatial grid. Land cover information (file vege.asc) for the simulation was provided by the 2010 North American Land Change Monitoring System and elevation information (file topo.asc) was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset.

This data release contains SnowModel snow evolution simulation output on a 100-meter (m) geospatial grid for a 311 kilometer (km) × 300 km model domain in Colorado, United States, encompassing the Colorado and Gunnison River Basin headwaters in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model convection-permitting and orography-resolving (4-km grid spacing) regional climate simulations provided the atmospheric forcing conditions to drive SnowModel in both a current and future climate scenario. A pair of continuous 13-water-year (2001-13) WRF model simulations was utilized: (1) a current climate control (CTL) simulation forced using ERA-Interim reanalysis, and (2) a future climate simulation using the pseudo-global-warming (PGW) method that uses the ERA-Interim reanalysis for the same period as (1) and adds an ensemble mean climate delta from 100 years in the future for the most extreme Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. The six SnowModel simulated outputs provided separately as child items in this data release include (1) air temperature (tair), (2) precipitation (prec), (3) precipitation amount falling as snow (spre), (4) snow water equivalent (swed), (5) liquid water supplied to the soil-snow interface from snowmelt (smlt), and (6) liquid water supplied to the soil-snow or soil-air interface either from snowmelt or rainfall (roff). The simulations used to produce these outputs were conducted on a 100-m geospatial grid. Land cover information (file vege.asc) for the simulation was provided by the 2010 North American Land Change Monitoring System and elevation information (file topo.asc) was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset.

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 30 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 30 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 30 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 30 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana and Idaho, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). Daily variables were also summarized to monthly means or sums, and daily swed was also summarized to annual peak swed. Monthly summaries were further summarized to U.S. Geological Survey 12-digit Hydrologic Units. The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 90 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 90 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana and Idaho, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). Daily variables were also summarized to monthly means or sums, and daily swed was also summarized to annual peak swed. Monthly summaries were further summarized to U.S. Geological Survey 12-digit Hydrologic Units. The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 90 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 90 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana and Idaho, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). Daily variables were also summarized to monthly means or sum, and daily swed was also summarized to annual peak swed. Monthly summaries were further summarized to U.S. Geological Survey 12-digit Hydrologic Units. The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 90 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 90 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana and Idaho, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). Daily variables were also summarized to monthly means or sum, and daily swed was also summarized to annual peak swed. Monthly summaries were further summarized to U.S. Geological Survey 12-digit Hydrologic Units. The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 90 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 90 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana and Idaho, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). Daily variables were also summarized to monthly means or sum, and daily swed was also summarized to annual peak swed. Monthly summaries were further summarized to U.S. Geological Survey 12-digit Hydrologic Units. The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 90 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 90 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).