Background The power of DNA microarrays derives from their ability to monitor the expression levels of many genes in parallel. One of the limitations of such powerful analytical tools is the inability to detect certain transcripts in the target sample because of artifacts caused by background noise or poor hybridization kinetics. The use of base-modified analogs of nucleoside triphosphates has been shown to increase complementary duplex stability in other applications, and here we attempted to enhance microarray hybridization signal across a wide range of sequences and expression levels by incorporating these nucleotides into labeled cRNA targets. Results RNA samples containing 2-aminoadenosine showed increases in signal intensity for a majority of the sequences. These results were similar, and additive, to those seen with an increase in the hybridization time. In contrast, 5-methyluridine and 5-methylcytidine decreased signal intensities. Hybridization specificity, as assessed by mismatch controls, was dependent on both target sequence and extent of substitution with the modified nucleotide. Concurrent incorporation of modified and unmodified ATP in a 1:1 ratio resulted in significantly greater numbers of above-threshold ratio calls across tissues, while preserving ratio integrity and reproducibility. Conclusions Incorporation of 2-aminoadenosine triphosphate into cRNA targets is a promising method for increasing signal detection in microarrays. Furthermore, this approach can be optimized to minimize impact on yield of amplified material and to increase the number of expression changes that can be detected.

Fold-change' cutoffs have been widely used in microarray assays to identify genes that are differentially expressed. More accurate measures are required to identify high-confidence sets of genes with biologically meaningful changes in transcription. A general procedure for analyzing cDNA microarray data is proposed and validated. It is shown that pooled reference samples should be based not only on the expression of individual genes in each cell line but also on the expression levels of genes within cell lines.

This data package provides a dictionary of microsatellite locus primers used by the USGS Alaska Science Center, Molecular Ecology Laboratory (MEL). It is a look-up file of microsatellite locus names and citations to the original publication or source where additional information about the locus primers may be found.

This data package provides a dictionary of microsatellite locus primers used by the USGS Alaska Science Center, Molecular Ecology Laboratory (MEL). It is a look-up file of microsatellite locus names and citations to the original publication or source where additional information about the locus primers may be found.

생물 유전정보 중 DNA 바코드 관련 내용으로 그에 대한 정의와 국외 및 국내 연구동향, DNA 바코드의 필요성에 대한 내용 설명 입니다.

,As part of our project, “Developing Association Mapping in Polyploid Perennial Biofuel Grasses” (DOE-USDA Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program grant DE-A102-07ER64454)*, two SNP discovery initiatives were carried out. The earlier one (2009) was an approach based on EST sequences. The latest initiative (2011-12) adopted a more powerful approach, based on GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing). We believe that the SNP markers identified in these studies will greatly enhance breeding efforts that target the improvement of key biofuel traits and the development of new switchgrass cultivars.,To enable genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) in switchgrass, we genotyped a full-sib population (n =130), a half-sib population (n =168) and association populations (66 pops, n =540). The parents of the linkage populations are upland tetraploids. The association populations are primarily of the upland ecotype, both tetraploid and octoploid, with a few lowland tetraploids as well. A total of 350 GB of sequence was generated from 840 individuals using GBS. Over 1.2 million putative SNPs were discovered with the UNEAK pipeline. In addition, ultra-high density paternal and maternal linkage maps, of 41K and 46K SNPs, respectively, were also constructed based on the conserved synteny between switchgrass and foxtail millet.,The data associated with this study are listed here:,

Database of Short Genetic Variations (dbSNP) contains human single nucleotide variations, microsatellites, and small-scale insertions and deletions along with publication, population frequency, molecular consequence, and genomic and RefSeq mapping information for both common variations and clinical mutations.

Data represent results of individual-based assignment tests performed in the program GeneClass for Atlantic Sturgeon of unknown origin. Data for genetic sex are also presented.