The dataset comprises analyses of core and surface samples collected in and around the Red Mountain porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. The dataset includes: analyses for 13 minerals in 245 core samples (Appendix 1); analyses for 44 elements in 818 core samples (Appendix 2); analyses for 54 elements in 122 rock samples (Appendix 3); analyses for 55 elements in 119 soil samples (Appendix 4); and analyses for percent ash and 66 elements in 57 mesquite ash (Appendix 5), 68 oak ash (Appendix 6), and 68 juniper ash (Appendix 7) samples, respectively. The samples were collected and analyzed between 1980 and 2000.

This data release compiles the X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analyses of drill core samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey that were selected to typify the uranium-copper ore bodies of the Canyon deposit. The deposit is hosted by a solution-collapse breccia pipe, in which mineralization exists from about 650 to 2,100 ft (200 to 640 m) below the surface (Mathisen and others, 2017), located about 6.1 miles (10 km) south-southeast of Tusayan, Arizona, at latitude 35.88333 North, longitude -112.09583 West (datum WGS 1984). Energy Fuels Inc., owner and operator of the property, has conducted extensive drilling into the Canyon deposit that delineated the extent and uranium and copper content of the ore bodies. Mining facilities, including a shaft, have been developed by Energy Fuels at the deposit. As of October 2020, they await favorable economic conditions to resume mining operations and recover the ore. On a site visit in February 2018, Energy Fuels generously allowed the authors (U.S. Geological Survey geologists) to examine and sample drill cores of mineralized portions of the Canyon deposit. Thirty-five samples were collected, which were chosen primarily as representative intervals of high-grade uranium, copper, and associated sulfide mineralization. An earlier-published data release (Van Gosen and others, 2020) provides the geochemical analyses of the 35 samples for 63 elements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed on 28 of these samples to examine their mineralogy. The raw data from these XRD analyses are also provided in Van Gosen and others (2020). This data release provides a mineralogical interpretation of the XRD data. This data release summarizes the mineralogy of the drill core samples, based on interpretation of the XRD analyses (28 samples) and observations by scanning electron microscopy. From the XRD data, mineralogy was determined using specialized software and user interpretation of the software's selections, which are detailed in the section on process description below. Polished thin sections cut from 21 of the Canyon drill core samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) to identify the ore minerals and observe their relationships at high magnification. The EDS vendor's auto identification algorithm was used for peak assignments; the user did not attempt to verify every peak identification. The spectra for each EDS measurement are provided in separate documents in Portable Data Format (pdf), one document for each of the 21 samples that were examined by SEM-EDS. The interpreted mineral phase(s), which is based solely on the judgement of the user, is given below each spectrum. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses identified uraninite (U oxide) as the uranium ore mineral, which is intergrown with at least a dozen identified sulfide minerals, within a gangue matrix of mainly quartz and lesser amounts of clay minerals, dolomite, calcite, barite, and potassium feldspar. The Canyon deposit is similar to numerous other uranium deposits hosted by solution-collapse breccia pipes in the Grand Canyon region of northwest Arizona. The uranium-copper deposits occur within matrix-supported, vertical columns of breccia (a "breccia pipe") that formed by solution and collapse of sedimentary strata (Wenrich, 1985; Alpine, 2010). The breccia pipes average about 300 ft (90 m) in diameter and can extend vertically for as much as 3,000 ft (900 m), from their base in the Mississippian Redwall Limestone to as stratigraphically high as the Triassic Chinle Formation. The regions north, south, and east of the Grand Canyon host hundreds of solution-collapse breccia pipes (Van Gosen and others, 2016). Six decades of exploration across the region has found that most of these breccia pipes are not mineralized or substantially mineralized, and only a small percentage of the breccia pipes contain ore-grade uranium deposits. The mineralized breccia

This data release compiles the X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analyses of drill core samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey that were selected to typify the uranium-copper ore bodies of the Canyon deposit. The deposit is hosted by a solution-collapse breccia pipe, in which mineralization exists from about 650 to 2,100 ft (200 to 640 m) below the surface (Mathisen and others, 2017), located about 6.1 miles (10 km) south-southeast of Tusayan, Arizona, at latitude 35.88333 North, longitude -112.09583 West (datum WGS 1984). Energy Fuels Inc., owner and operator of the property, has conducted extensive drilling into the Canyon deposit that delineated the extent and uranium and copper content of the ore bodies. Mining facilities, including a shaft, have been developed by Energy Fuels at the deposit. As of October 2020, they await favorable economic conditions to resume mining operations and recover the ore. On a site visit in February 2018, Energy Fuels generously allowed the authors (U.S. Geological Survey geologists) to examine and sample drill cores of mineralized portions of the Canyon deposit. Thirty-five samples were collected, which were chosen primarily as representative intervals of high-grade uranium, copper, and associated sulfide mineralization. An earlier-published data release (Van Gosen and others, 2020) provides the geochemical analyses of the 35 samples for 63 elements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed on 28 of these samples to examine their mineralogy. The raw data from these XRD analyses are also provided in Van Gosen and others (2020). This data release provides a mineralogical interpretation of the XRD data. This data release summarizes the mineralogy of the drill core samples, based on interpretation of the XRD analyses (28 samples) and observations by scanning electron microscopy. From the XRD data, mineralogy was determined using specialized software and user interpretation of the software's selections, which are detailed in the section on process description below. Polished thin sections cut from 21 of the Canyon drill core samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) to identify the ore minerals and observe their relationships at high magnification. The EDS vendor's auto identification algorithm was used for peak assignments; the user did not attempt to verify every peak identification. The spectra for each EDS measurement are provided in separate documents in Portable Data Format (pdf), one document for each of the 21 samples that were examined by SEM-EDS. The interpreted mineral phase(s), which is based solely on the judgement of the user, is given below each spectrum. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses identified uraninite (U oxide) as the uranium ore mineral, which is intergrown with at least a dozen identified sulfide minerals, within a gangue matrix of mainly quartz and lesser amounts of clay minerals, dolomite, calcite, barite, and potassium feldspar. The Canyon deposit is similar to numerous other uranium deposits hosted by solution-collapse breccia pipes in the Grand Canyon region of northwest Arizona. The uranium-copper deposits occur within matrix-supported, vertical columns of breccia (a "breccia pipe") that formed by solution and collapse of sedimentary strata (Wenrich, 1985; Alpine, 2010). The breccia pipes average about 300 ft (90 m) in diameter and can extend vertically for as much as 3,000 ft (900 m), from their base in the Mississippian Redwall Limestone to as stratigraphically high as the Triassic Chinle Formation. The regions north, south, and east of the Grand Canyon host hundreds of solution-collapse breccia pipes (Van Gosen and others, 2016). Six decades of exploration across the region has found that most of these breccia pipes are not mineralized or substantially mineralized, and only a small percentage of the breccia pipes contain ore-grade uranium deposits. The mineralized breccia

Porphyry copper deposits are the world's primary source of copper and can also host a variety of secondary commodities identified as critical by the U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). These deposits occur primarily along convergent plate margins, and their metal association and geochemical characteristics are reflective of whether the deposit formed in continental/island arc, back-arc, or syn- to post-collisional environments (e.g., Hofstra and others, 2021). Based on this association, understanding the location, age, and endowment of global porphyry deposits can be leveraged to identify prospective regions for discovery of new porphyry deposits along these ancient margins. This data release is a compilation and update from previously published global and regional datasets of porphyry copper deposits and prospects. The data sheet includes deposit names and their location, age (if known, and including analytical method), deposit classification based on Hofstra and others (2021), interpreted tectonic origin, and grade-tonnage compiled from public databases where available. The final spreadsheet represents the most up-to-date published information of global porphyry copper deposits and prospects as of Spring 2024. References Hofstra, A., Lisitsin, V., Corriveau, L., Paradis, S., Peter, J., Lauzière, K., Lawley, C., Gadd, M., Pilote, J., Honsberger, I., Bastrakov, E., Champion, D., Czarnota, K., Doublier, M., Huston, D., Raymond, O., VanDerWielen, S., Emsbo, P., Granitto, M., and Kreiner, D., 2021, Deposit classification scheme for the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Global Geochemical Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1049, 60 p., https://doi.org/ 10.3133/ ofr20211049. U.S. Geological Survey, 2022, 2022 Final List of Critical Minerals: Federal Register Document 2022-04027, p. 10381-10382. (available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/02/24/2022-04027/2022-final-list-of-critical-minerals).

This dataset includes the magnetotelluric (MT) sounding data collected in 2008 in and near the Patagonia Mountains of Arizona. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a series of multidisciplinary studies as part of the Assessment Techniques for Concealed Mineral Resources project funded by the USGS Minerals Resources Program in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service.

This dataset includes the magnetotelluric (MT) sounding data collected in 2008 in and near the Patagonia Mountains of Arizona. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a series of multidisciplinary studies as part of the Assessment Techniques for Concealed Mineral Resources project funded by the USGS Minerals Resources Program in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service.

The point and polygon layers within this geodatabase represent locations of mineral occurrences, mines, mining and mineral districts and sites of active mineral exploration within or near the Department of the Interior (DOI) Sagebrush Focal Areas in Montana, Wyoming and Utah, central Idaho, and the Oregon-Nevada-Idaho border area. The data were compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Deposit Database project (USMIN) to provide mineral resource information for use in the USGS Sagebrush Mineral Resource Assessment (SaMiRA). This assessment was conducted for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and evaluated the mineral resource potential of approximately 10 million acres of Federal lands identified as areas of high-quality sagebrush habitat. The spatial extent of the USMIN mineral resource data includes BLM lands proposed for withdrawal from mineral entry as well as a 25 km buffer beyond the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) townships containing these areas. This extent allowed for a thorough examination of the data and assured that any significant mineral occurrence, mine, or exploration area within or adjacent to BLM’s proposed withdrawal areas was considered in the mineral resource assessment. The mineral resource data were compiled as GIS layers including: 1) mine symbols shown on USGS topographic maps; 2) mine sites; 3) active mineral exploration sites; 4) mineral occurrences; 5) mining and mineral districts; and 6) production and resource data for mines and mineral deposits. A full discussion of the compilation methodology and sources used to develop the mineral resource data is available in the section 'USMIN Project Mineral-Resource Data for the USGS SaMiRA Project' in the accompanying report: Day, W.C., Hammarstrom, J.M., Zientek, M.L., and Frost, T.P., eds., 2016, Overview with methods and procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey mineral-resource assessment of the Sagebrush Focal Areas of Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5089-A, 211 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165089A.

The point and polygon layers within this geodatabase represent locations of mineral occurrences, mines, mining and mineral districts and sites of active mineral exploration within or near the Department of the Interior (DOI) Sagebrush Focal Areas in Montana, Wyoming and Utah, central Idaho, and the Oregon-Nevada-Idaho border area. The data were compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Deposit Database project (USMIN) to provide mineral resource information for use in the USGS Sagebrush Mineral Resource Assessment (SaMiRA). This assessment was conducted for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and evaluated the mineral resource potential of approximately 10 million acres of Federal lands identified as areas of high-quality sagebrush habitat. The spatial extent of the USMIN mineral resource data includes BLM lands proposed for withdrawal from mineral entry as well as a 25 km buffer beyond the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) townships containing these areas. This extent allowed for a thorough examination of the data and assured that any significant mineral occurrence, mine, or exploration area within or adjacent to BLM’s proposed withdrawal areas was considered in the mineral resource assessment. The mineral resource data were compiled as GIS layers including: 1) mine symbols shown on USGS topographic maps; 2) mine sites; 3) active mineral exploration sites; 4) mineral occurrences; 5) mining and mineral districts; and 6) production and resource data for mines and mineral deposits. A full discussion of the compilation methodology and sources used to develop the mineral resource data is available in the section 'USMIN Project Mineral-Resource Data for the USGS SaMiRA Project' in the accompanying report: Day, W.C., Hammarstrom, J.M., Zientek, M.L., and Frost, T.P., eds., 2016, Overview with methods and procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey mineral-resource assessment of the Sagebrush Focal Areas of Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5089-A, 211 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165089A.

This data release compiles the major and trace element analytical results of drill core samples that typify the uranium-copper ore bodies of the Canyon deposit, located about 6.1 miles (10 km) south-southeast of Tusayan, Arizona. The Canyon deposit lies from about 750 to 2,000 ft (230 to 610 m) below the surface at latitude 35.88333 North, longitude -112.09583 West (datum WGS 1984). Energy Fuels, owners and operators of the property, has conducted extensive drilling into the Canyon deposit, which has defined the extent and characteristics of the ore bodies, leading to mine development. On a site visit in February 2018, Energy Fuels generously allowed the authors (U.S. Geological Survey geologists) to examine and sample drill cores of mineralized portions of the Canyon deposit, focused primarily on intervals of high-grade uranium and associated mineralization. This data release provides the analytical results of 35 samples of drill core collected during the visit by the authors. Additionally, X-ray Diffraction analyses were performed on 28 of these samples to examine their mineralogy. These samples and their geochemistry reflect the variation of base-metal sulfide and uranium oxide mineralization within ore zones of the Canyon deposit. The ore mineralogy, and thus rock chemistry, can vary over short intervals (centimeters). However, although their concentrations vary, the group of metals that occur together is generally consistent. The 35 samples were analyzed for 63 elements by a laboratory contracted by the USGS. Concentrations for 58 elements were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, total carbon, carbonate carbon (inorganic carbon), total sulfur, mercury, and selenium concentrations were determined using other element-specific analytical techniques (described below). From this suite of 35 samples, 28 were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction to determine their mineralogy. The X-ray Diffraction scan results are provided in the data file named "Canyon_deposit_drill_core_samples_XRD.csv". The Canyon uranium-copper deposit occurs within a matrix-supported column of breccia (a "breccia pipe") that is similar to numerous other uranium-bearing breccia pipes of the Grand Canyon region of northwest Arizona. These uranium deposits occur in unusual features described as solution-collapse breccia pipes, or simply breccia pipes (Wenrich, 1985; Alpine, 2010). The regions north and south of the Grand Canyon host hundreds of breccia pipes that were formed by solution and collapse (Van Gosen and others, 2016). Breccia refers to the broken rock that fills these features, and pipe refers to the vertical, pipe-like shape of these features. The breccia pipes average about 300 ft (90 m) in diameter, and can extend vertically for as much as 3,000 ft (900 m), from their base in the Mississippian Redwall Limestone to as stratigraphically high as the Triassic Chinle Formation. The breccia fragments that form the pipes are consistently blocks and pieces of rock units found below their normal position in the wall rock; that is, all rocks within the breccia column have fallen downward and are never found above their original level. In contrast to many other types of breccia pipes, there are no igneous rocks associated with the northwestern Arizona breccia pipes, nor have igneous processes contributed to their formation. Many of these breccia pipes contain concentrated deposits of uranium, arsenic, copper, silver, lead, zinc, cobalt, and nickel minerals (Wenrich, 1985), as is reflected in this data set. Subsequent to the primary episodes of solution and collapse (breccia pipe formation), base-metal mineralization was deposited in the breccia pipes, primarily as sulfide phases, and principally in the stratigraphic levels of the Coconino Sandstone, Hermit Formation, and Esplanade Sandstone (Wenrich, 1985; Alpine, 2010). In the Canyon breccia pipe,

This data release compiles the major and trace element analytical results of drill core samples that typify the uranium-copper ore bodies of the Canyon deposit, located about 6.1 miles (10 km) south-southeast of Tusayan, Arizona. The Canyon deposit lies from about 750 to 2,000 ft (230 to 610 m) below the surface at latitude 35.88333 North, longitude -112.09583 West (datum WGS 1984). Energy Fuels, owners and operators of the property, has conducted extensive drilling into the Canyon deposit, which has defined the extent and characteristics of the ore bodies, leading to mine development. On a site visit in February 2018, Energy Fuels generously allowed the authors (U.S. Geological Survey geologists) to examine and sample drill cores of mineralized portions of the Canyon deposit, focused primarily on intervals of high-grade uranium and associated mineralization. This data release provides the analytical results of 35 samples of drill core collected during the visit by the authors. Additionally, X-ray Diffraction analyses were performed on 28 of these samples to examine their mineralogy. These samples and their geochemistry reflect the variation of base-metal sulfide and uranium oxide mineralization within ore zones of the Canyon deposit. The ore mineralogy, and thus rock chemistry, can vary over short intervals (centimeters). However, although their concentrations vary, the group of metals that occur together is generally consistent. The 35 samples were analyzed for 63 elements by a laboratory contracted by the USGS. Concentrations for 58 elements were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, total carbon, carbonate carbon (inorganic carbon), total sulfur, mercury, and selenium concentrations were determined using other element-specific analytical techniques (described below). From this suite of 35 samples, 28 were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction to determine their mineralogy. The X-ray Diffraction scan results are provided in the data file named "Canyon_deposit_drill_core_samples_XRD.csv". The Canyon uranium-copper deposit occurs within a matrix-supported column of breccia (a "breccia pipe") that is similar to numerous other uranium-bearing breccia pipes of the Grand Canyon region of northwest Arizona. These uranium deposits occur in unusual features described as solution-collapse breccia pipes, or simply breccia pipes (Wenrich, 1985; Alpine, 2010). The regions north and south of the Grand Canyon host hundreds of breccia pipes that were formed by solution and collapse (Van Gosen and others, 2016). Breccia refers to the broken rock that fills these features, and pipe refers to the vertical, pipe-like shape of these features. The breccia pipes average about 300 ft (90 m) in diameter, and can extend vertically for as much as 3,000 ft (900 m), from their base in the Mississippian Redwall Limestone to as stratigraphically high as the Triassic Chinle Formation. The breccia fragments that form the pipes are consistently blocks and pieces of rock units found below their normal position in the wall rock; that is, all rocks within the breccia column have fallen downward and are never found above their original level. In contrast to many other types of breccia pipes, there are no igneous rocks associated with the northwestern Arizona breccia pipes, nor have igneous processes contributed to their formation. Many of these breccia pipes contain concentrated deposits of uranium, arsenic, copper, silver, lead, zinc, cobalt, and nickel minerals (Wenrich, 1985), as is reflected in this data set. Subsequent to the primary episodes of solution and collapse (breccia pipe formation), base-metal mineralization was deposited in the breccia pipes, primarily as sulfide phases, and principally in the stratigraphic levels of the Coconino Sandstone, Hermit Formation, and Esplanade Sandstone (Wenrich, 1985; Alpine, 2010). In the Canyon breccia pipe,