Modeled wave time series from a downscaled wave data base (DWDB) are presented for the period 2020 to 2050, for locations from the U.S. Canada border to the southern boundary of Norton Sound along the approximate 5 and 10 m isobaths. The model boundary conditions were determined from wave time-series computed with a global WAVEWATCHIII (WWIII) model (Erikson and others,2024) and wind conditions, forced with models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) future period. Wave data are provided for four CMIP6 models (see Process Description for details) from the HighResMIP project. Outputs include three-hourly nearshore significant wave heights (Hs), mean wave periods (Tm01) and mean wave directions (Dm) for 8485 (5 m isobath) and 8232 (10 m isobath) locations. Data are available as netCDF files and are packaged for the Beaufort Sea region from the U.S. Canada border to Nuwuk (Point Barrow), for the Chukchi Sea region from Nuwuk to Kotzebue Sound and from Kotzebue Sound to the Bering Strait, and from the Bering Strait to Norton Sound. The methods used to create this dataset are described in detail in Engelstad and others, 2024.

Modeled wave time series data from a downscaled wave database (DWDB)are presented for the hindcast period of 1979 to 2023 from the U.S. Canada border to Norton Sound close to the 5 and 10 m isobaths. Outputs include three-hourly nearshore significant wave heights (Hs), mean wave periods (Tm) and mean wave directions (Dm) for 8485 (5 m isobath) and 8232 (10 m isobath) locations. Data are available as netCDF files and are packaged for the Beaufort Sea region from the U.S. Canada border to Nuwuk (Point Barrow), for the Chukchi Sea region from Nuwuk to Kotzebue Sound and from Kotzebue Sound to the Bering Strait, and from the Bering Strait to the southern boundary of Norton Sound. The methods used to create this dataset are described in detail in Engelstad and others, 2024

Modeled wave time series data from a downscaled wave database (DWDB)are presented for the hindcast period of 1979 to 2023 from the U.S. Canada border to Norton Sound close to the 5 and 10 m isobaths. Outputs include three-hourly nearshore significant wave heights (Hs), mean wave periods (Tm) and mean wave directions (Dm) for 8485 (5 m isobath) and 8232 (10 m isobath) locations. Data are available as netCDF files and are packaged for the Beaufort Sea region from the U.S. Canada border to Nuwuk (Point Barrow), for the Chukchi Sea region from Nuwuk to Kotzebue Sound and from Kotzebue Sound to the Bering Strait, and from the Bering Strait to the southern boundary of Norton Sound. The methods used to create this dataset are described in detail in Engelstad and others, 2024

This dataset presents projected hourly time-series of wave heights, wave periods, incident wave directions and directional spreading at distinct points along the open coast of Alaska for the years 2020 through 2050. The projections were developed by running the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) WAVEWATCHIII model. Wind and sea ice fields from seven different Global Climate or General Circulation Models from the CMIP6 High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project were used to simulate waves across the globe at a 0.5-degree resolution (approximately 50 kms, depending on latitude) and further downscaled to 10- (approximately 18 kilometer) and 4-arc-minute (approximately 7 kilometer) model grids. Point model output data extracted from NOAA’s 4-arc-minute grid for Alaska (ak_4m) are provided herein.

Provided here are the required input files to run a standalone wave model (Simulating Waves Nearshore [SWAN]; Booij and others, 1999) on eleven model domains from the Canada-U.S. border to Norton Sound, Alaska. The model runs create a downscaled wave database (DWDB) which, can be used to reconstruct hindcast, historical, or projected time series at each point in the model domains (see Engelstad and others, 2023 for further information on reconstruction of time-series). The model forcing files consist of reduced sets of binned wind and wave parameter combinations, hereafter termed ‘sea states’. The use of representative sea states allows for lower computational costs and follows modified methods outlined in for example Camus and others, 2011, Reguero and others, 2013, and Lucero and others, 2017. Wind and wave parameters were extracted from the ERA5 reanalysis (Hersbach and others, 2020; https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/) for the hindcast period (1979–2019) and for the historical (1979-2014) and projected (2020-2050) time periods from WAVEWATCHIII wave model runs (Erikson and others, 2022) driven by winds and sea ice fields from the 6th generation Coupled Model Inter-comparison Projects (CMIP6 Haarsma and others, 2016 The extent of each model domain can be inferred from the browse graphic. Model input files are described in the Entity and Attribute Overview section.

This portion of the USGS data release contains simulated nearshore wave parameters derived from a stand-alone spectral wave model of the Columbia River littoral cell, Washington and Oregon. The model output includes significant wave heights, peak wave periods, mean wave directions, and water depths for a series of 221 shore normal transects that extended from the coastline to the -15 m NAVD88 elevation (about 16.5 m average water depth). Data are provided at the seaward extent of each transect as well as at the location of the break point, or location just outside the surf zone, which varied dynamically based on the local bathymetry and wave conditions. Additional data are provided at four locations corresponding to the locations of buoy observations used to validate the model application. The data are derived from two hindcasts solved at hourly intervals between 1) August 2014 to September 2023 (h1), and 2) July 2010 to August 2011 (h2). The data from both hindcasts were compiled into netCDF files for the nearshore and buoy locations for distribution.

A nested spectral wave model (Simulating Waves WAves Nearshore [SWAN]; Booij and others, 1999) was deployed for the central Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska to simulate waves for the period from 1979 to 2019. Results in the form of spatial summary statistics, describing wave parameters, wind speed and sea-ice area cover for the intermediate grid (see Overview Image on main page of data release), are provided. Further information can be found in Nederhoff and others (2021).

Time series wave data were collected offshore of Wainwright, Alaska, from August 24 to October 02, 2009 (UTC). Measurements were collected using a 1 MHz NortekTM AWAC acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a frame in approximately 10 m of water. The instrument was mounted to the frame at 0.55 m off the bottom of the seafloor, and collected data in 8.53-minute bursts at 2 Hz. Significant wave heights (Hs), maximum significant wave heights (Hmax), peak and mean wave periods (Tp and Tm, respectively), and peak and mean wave directions (Dp and Dm respectively) are available in a csv file. Spectral wave data are available as a NetCDF file.

Time series wave data were collected offshore of Wainwright, Alaska, from August 24 to October 02, 2009 (UTC). Measurements were collected using a 1 MHz NortekTM AWAC acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a frame in approximately 10 m of water. The instrument was mounted to the frame at 0.55 m off the bottom of the seafloor, and collected data in 8.53-minute bursts at 2 Hz. Significant wave heights (Hs), maximum significant wave heights (Hmax), peak and mean wave periods (Tp and Tm, respectively), and peak and mean wave directions (Dp and Dm respectively) are available in a csv file. Spectral wave data are available as a NetCDF file.

Bottom-landing and floating platforms with instrumentation to measure currents, waves, water level, optical turbidity, water temperature, and conductivity were deployed at four locations in Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA. Platforms were deployed in three separate periods: July 30, 2019–November 14, 2019, November 19, 2019–February 5, 2020, and January 22, 2021–April 13, 2021. These data were collected to support studies of sediment delivery, transport, deposition, and resuspension in this Pacific Northwest estuarine embayment.