U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of Hawaii - Mānoa (UH) scientists conducted field data collection efforts from August 19th - 27th, 2019 at Pu‘uhonua O Hōnaunau National Historical Park on the Big Island of Hawaii. The data collection efforts utilized a combination of remote sensing technologies to map the topography, critical infrastructure, and most importantly, the cultural assets of Pu‘uhonua O Hōnaunau National Historical Park. The USGS and UH team collected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), total station, and ground based lidar (GBL) data, along with utilizing Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) to collect imagery and UAS lidar to map these features. This data release contains shapefiles of the processed GNSS and total station data, point clouds in the form of lidar data exchange (LAS) files from the ground and UAS lidar data and aerial imagery produced via Structure from Motion (SfM). See the List of Files under the Native Data Set Environment section for file names and sizes. The processed data contained in this release served as source and validation data for a spatially integrated topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for Pu‘uhonua O Hōnaunau National Historical Park.

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of Hawaii - Mānoa (UH) scientists conducted field data collection efforts from August 19th - 27th, 2019 at Pu‘uhonua O Hōnaunau National Historical Park on the Big Island of Hawaii. The data collection efforts utilized a combination of remote sensing technologies to map the topography, critical infrastructure, and most importantly, the cultural assets of Pu‘uhonua O Hōnaunau National Historical Park. The USGS and UH team collected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), total station, and ground based lidar (GBL) data, along with utilizing Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) to collect imagery and UAS lidar to map these features. This data release contains shapefiles of the processed GNSS and total station data, point clouds in the form of lidar data exchange (LAS) files from the ground and UAS lidar data and aerial imagery produced via Structure from Motion (SfM). See the List of Files under the Native Data Set Environment section for file names and sizes. The processed data contained in this release served as source and validation data for a spatially integrated topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for Pu‘uhonua O Hōnaunau National Historical Park.

In recent years, rising sea levels have threatened critical infrastructure and cultural assets at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park thus motivating the park to make adaptive decisions in managing these key resources. To support the development of decision support tools for sea level rise preparedness, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Applications Project has created an integrated 1-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. This dataset was developed in collaboration with the University of Hawaii- Mānoa Sea Level Center, Department of Interior Pacific Island Climate Adaptation Science Center, and Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. High-resolution coastal topobathymetric data are required to characterize flooding, storms, and sea-level rise inundation hazard zones and other earth science applications, such as the development of wave and storm surge models. This TBDEM consists of the best available multi-source topographic and bathymetric elevation data for Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park including neighboring coves and inlets. The Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau TBDEM integrates six different data sources including Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) topographic lidar, UAS structure-from-motion, ground-based lidar, topobathymetric lidar, and bathymetric data obtained from USGS, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The topographic and bathymetric surveys were sorted and prioritized based on survey date, accuracy, spatial distribution, and point density to develop a model based on the best available topographic and bathymetric elevation data. Because bathymetric data are typically referenced to tidal datums, such as Mean High Water or Mean Low Water, all tidally referenced heights were transformed into orthometric heights based on the GEOID12B geoid, which is normally used for mapping elevation on land using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The spatial horizontal resolution is 1-meter. The overall temporal range of the input topography and bathymetry is 2011 to 2019 with a maximum depth extending to 277 meters. The topography surveys were acquired in 2019. The bathymetry surveys were acquired between 2011 and 2013. This data release was funded by a Supplemental Proposal to Grant No. G15AP00140 by the University of Hawaii- Mānoa Sea Level Center from the Department of Interior Pacific Island Climate Adaptation Science Center and the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program.

In recent years, rising sea levels have threatened critical infrastructure and cultural assets at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park thus motivating the park to make adaptive decisions in managing these key resources. To support the development of decision support tools for sea level rise preparedness, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Applications Project has created an integrated 1-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. This dataset was developed in collaboration with the University of Hawaii- Mānoa Sea Level Center, Department of Interior Pacific Island Climate Adaptation Science Center, and Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. High-resolution coastal topobathymetric data are required to characterize flooding, storms, and sea-level rise inundation hazard zones and other earth science applications, such as the development of wave and storm surge models. This TBDEM consists of the best available multi-source topographic and bathymetric elevation data for Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park including neighboring coves and inlets. The Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau TBDEM integrates six different data sources including Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) topographic lidar, UAS structure-from-motion, ground-based lidar, topobathymetric lidar, and bathymetric data obtained from USGS, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The topographic and bathymetric surveys were sorted and prioritized based on survey date, accuracy, spatial distribution, and point density to develop a model based on the best available topographic and bathymetric elevation data. Because bathymetric data are typically referenced to tidal datums, such as Mean High Water or Mean Low Water, all tidally referenced heights were transformed into orthometric heights based on the GEOID12B geoid, which is normally used for mapping elevation on land using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The spatial horizontal resolution is 1-meter. The overall temporal range of the input topography and bathymetry is 2011 to 2019 with a maximum depth extending to 277 meters. The topography surveys were acquired in 2019. The bathymetry surveys were acquired between 2011 and 2013. This data release was funded by a Supplemental Proposal to Grant No. G15AP00140 by the University of Hawaii- Mānoa Sea Level Center from the Department of Interior Pacific Island Climate Adaptation Science Center and the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program.

In recent years, rising sea levels have threatened critical infrastructure and cultural assets at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park thus motivating the park to make adaptive decisions in managing these key resources. To support the development of decision support tools for sea level rise preparedness, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Applications Project has created an integrated 1-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. This dataset was developed in collaboration with the University of Hawaii- Mānoa Sea Level Center, Department of Interior Pacific Island Climate Adaptation Science Center, and Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. High-resolution coastal topobathymetric data are required to characterize flooding, storms, and sea-level rise inundation hazard zones and other earth science applications, such as the development of wave and storm surge models. This TBDEM consists of the best available multi-source topographic and bathymetric elevation data for Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park including neighboring coves and inlets. The Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau TBDEM integrates six different data sources including Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) topographic lidar, UAS structure-from-motion, ground-based lidar, topobathymetric lidar, and bathymetric data obtained from USGS, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The topographic and bathymetric surveys were sorted and prioritized based on survey date, accuracy, spatial distribution, and point density to develop a model based on the best available topographic and bathymetric elevation data. Because bathymetric data are typically referenced to tidal datums, such as Mean High Water or Mean Low Water, all tidally referenced heights were transformed into orthometric heights based on the GEOID12B geoid, which is normally used for mapping elevation on land using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The spatial horizontal resolution is 1-meter. The overall temporal range of the input topography and bathymetry is 2011 to 2019 with a maximum depth extending to 277 meters. The topography surveys were acquired in 2019. The bathymetry surveys were acquired between 2011 and 2013. This data release was funded by a Supplemental Proposal to Grant No. G15AP00140 by the University of Hawaii- Mānoa Sea Level Center from the Department of Interior Pacific Island Climate Adaptation Science Center and the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program.

The 2018 eruption of Kilauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai'i saw the collapse of a new, nested caldera at the volcano's summit, and the inundation of 35.5 square kilometers (13.7 square miles) of the lower Puna District with lava. Between May and August, while the summit caldera collapsed, a lava channel extended 11 kilometers (7 miles) from fissure 8 in Leilani Estates to Kapoho Bay, where it formed an approximately 3.5-square-kilometer (1.4-square-mile) lava delta along the coastline. Rapidly-deployed remote sensing techniques were vital in monitoring these events. Following the eruption, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contracted the acquisition of rigorous airborne lidar surveys of Kilauea Volcano's summit, middle East Rift Zone, and lower East Rift Zone, also including the entire Pu'u 'O'o lava flow field that was active from 1983 through early 2018. The surveys covered 567 square kilometers (219 square miles) at 30-100 points per square meter, for a total of 53 billion points. Only 16 percent of these points (an average of 4 points per square meter) were classified as ground due to extremely dense vegetation over much of the area. The USGS used 2,570 point cloud files classified by Quantum Spatial to generate a single digital elevation model (DEM) of the ground surface, including beneath-forest cover (that is, 'bare earth'). This USGS data release contains digital elevation data as a 1-meter resolution raster dataset (.tif file). The DEM can support a variety of earth science, civil engineering, and land use investigations.

The 2018 eruption of Kilauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai'i saw the collapse of a new, nested caldera at the volcano's summit, and the inundation of 35.5 square kilometers (13.7 square miles) of the lower Puna District with lava. Between May and August, while the summit caldera collapsed, a lava channel extended 11 kilometers (7 miles) from fissure 8 in Leilani Estates to Kapoho Bay, where it formed an approximately 3.5-square-kilometer (1.4-square-mile) lava delta along the coastline. Rapidly-deployed remote sensing techniques were vital in monitoring these events. Following the eruption, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contracted the acquisition of rigorous airborne lidar surveys of Kilauea Volcano's summit, middle East Rift Zone, and lower East Rift Zone, also including the entire Pu'u 'O'o lava flow field that was active from 1983 through early 2018. The surveys covered 567 square kilometers (219 square miles) at 30-100 points per square meter, for a total of 53 billion points. Only 16 percent of these points (an average of 4 points per square meter) were classified as ground due to extremely dense vegetation over much of the area. The USGS used 2,570 point cloud files classified by Quantum Spatial to generate a single digital elevation model (DEM) of the ground surface, including beneath-forest cover (that is, 'bare earth'). This USGS data release contains digital elevation data as a 1-meter resolution raster dataset (.tif file). The DEM can support a variety of earth science, civil engineering, and land use investigations.

Located in the western Pacific Ocean, Majuro is a large coral atoll consisting of a large, central narrow land mass and remote islands that are part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The waters surrounding the Majuro Atoll land areas are relatively shallow with poorly mapped bathymetry. However, the Pacific Ocean on the exterior of the coral atoll and the lagoon within its interior consist of deep bathymetry with steep elevation gradients. Thus, the low-lying Majuro Atoll is extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise, tsunamis, storm surge, coastal flooding, and climate change that could impact the sustainability of the infrastructure, groundwater, and ecosystems. The highest elevation of the Majuro Atoll is estimated at only 3-meters above sea level, which is the island community of Laura located on the western part of the atoll. At the eastern edge of the atoll lies the capital city of Majuro with the island community of Djarrit located in the northeast part of the atoll. To support the modeling of storm- and tide-induced flooding, the USGS Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Applications Project has created an integrated 1-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for the Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. High-resolution coastal elevation data are required to identify flood, hurricane, and sea-level rise inundation hazard zones and for other earth science applications, such as storm-surge models. The new Majuro TBDEM consists of the best available multi-source topographic and bathymetric elevation data for the Majuro Atoll onshore and offshore areas. The Majuro TBDEM integrates nine different data sources, including unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) imagery, Structure from Motion (SfM) derived topography, real-time kinematic (RTK) GNSS survey points, Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) using USGS Landsat 8 (L8) and DigitalGlobe WorldView-3 (WV-3) imagery, South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) bathymetry, hydrographic surveys, single-beam acoustic surveys, multi-beam acoustic surveys, and chart soundings obtained from the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the Naval Oceanographic Office. The topographic and bathymetry surveys were sorted and prioritized based on survey date, accuracy, spatial distribution, and point density to develop a TBDEM model based on the best available elevation data. Because bathymetric data are typically referenced to Mean Low Water Springs or Mean Low Water, all bathymetric heights were adjusted to Local Mean Sea Level. The grid spacing is 1 meter and includes the Majuro Atoll, exclusive of some northern islands, extending offshore to a depth of at least 71 meters in the lagoon. The temporal range of the input topography and bathymetry is 1944 to 2016. Additional information regarding the CoNED Applications Project is located at https://topotools.cr.usgs.gov/coned/index.php.

Located in the western Pacific Ocean, Majuro is a large coral atoll consisting of a large, central narrow land mass and remote islands that are part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The waters surrounding the Majuro Atoll land areas are relatively shallow with poorly mapped bathymetry. However, the Pacific Ocean on the exterior of the coral atoll and the lagoon within its interior consist of deep bathymetry with steep elevation gradients. Thus, the low-lying Majuro Atoll is extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise, tsunamis, storm surge, coastal flooding, and climate change that could impact the sustainability of the infrastructure, groundwater, and ecosystems. The highest elevation of the Majuro Atoll is estimated at only 3-meters above sea level, which is the island community of Laura located on the western part of the atoll. At the eastern edge of the atoll lies the capital city of Majuro with the island community of Djarrit located in the northeast part of the atoll. To support the modeling of storm- and tide-induced flooding, the USGS Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Applications Project has created an integrated 1-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for the Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. High-resolution coastal elevation data are required to identify flood, hurricane, and sea-level rise inundation hazard zones and for other earth science applications, such as storm-surge models. The new Majuro TBDEM consists of the best available multi-source topographic and bathymetric elevation data for the Majuro Atoll onshore and offshore areas. The Majuro TBDEM integrates nine different data sources, including unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) imagery, Structure from Motion (SfM) derived topography, real-time kinematic (RTK) GNSS survey points, Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) using USGS Landsat 8 (L8) and DigitalGlobe WorldView-3 (WV-3) imagery, South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) bathymetry, hydrographic surveys, single-beam acoustic surveys, multi-beam acoustic surveys, and chart soundings obtained from the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the Naval Oceanographic Office. The topographic and bathymetry surveys were sorted and prioritized based on survey date, accuracy, spatial distribution, and point density to develop a TBDEM model based on the best available elevation data. Because bathymetric data are typically referenced to Mean Low Water Springs or Mean Low Water, all bathymetric heights were adjusted to Local Mean Sea Level. The grid spacing is 1 meter and includes the Majuro Atoll, exclusive of some northern islands, extending offshore to a depth of at least 71 meters in the lagoon. The temporal range of the input topography and bathymetry is 1944 to 2016. Additional information regarding the CoNED Applications Project is located at https://topotools.cr.usgs.gov/coned/index.php.

These ESRI shape files are of National Park Service tract and boundary data that was created by the Land Resources Division. Tracts are numbered and created by the regional cartographic staff at the Land Resources Program Centers and are associated to the Land Status Maps. This data should be used to display properties that NPS owns and properties that NPS may have some type of interest such as scenic easements or right of ways.