This data release provides information on mosquito larval habitat associated with tree ferns (Cibotium spp) that have been damaged by feral ungulates, ground pools, and tree holes on the SW slopes of Mauna Loa volcano. It also provides assessments of ground cover and habitat degradation by feral ungulates. Data was collected from five transects that fall within or immediately adjacent to the current boundaries of the Kona Unit of Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge. Transects were sampled once between August 8 - August 10, 1995 with 10 m diameter circular plots spaced at 150 m intervals along each transect. Measurements included numbers of standing live and dead tree ferns (Cibotium spp.), numbers of fallen and animal damaged tree ferns, numbers of fallen feral pig damaged tree ferns with and without standing water, numbers of fallen tree ferns with standing water and mosquito larvae, abundance of tree holes and surface water, feral ungulate activity, and general vegetation characteristics of each plot. This XML describes two tabular CSV files: (i) Mosquito Larval Habitat - Habitat Characteristics.CSV, and (ii) Mosquito Larval Habitat - Transect Locations.CSV.

As part of a larger study looking at the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, surveys of available larval mosquito habitat and characterization of that habitat were conducted during each site visit. Surveys were conducted along transects, trails, and streams.

As part of a larger study looking at the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, surveys of available larval mosquito habitat and characterization of that habitat were conducted during each site visit. Surveys were conducted along transects, trails, and streams.

As part of a larger study looking at the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, adult and immature mosquito distributions and abundance was monitored at two altitudinal sites throughout the year. Study sites at Delta Camp (915 m asl) and Palikea Camp (1280 m asl) were visited twice during each three-month season from September 2022 to September 2023. At each study site, 15 BioGents (BG) Sentinel II traps (S), 15 BioGents Pro traps (P), 15 Center for Disease Control (CDC) Gravid traps (G), and 15 ovicups to monitor egg laying females (and collect egg rafts) were operated for 4-7 nights across a 1-kilometer square area. Concurrent with adults trapping, terrestrial and stream transects were surveyed for potential larval mosquito habitat and the presence and abundance of larval mosquitoes. This data file consists of spatial coordinates for all adult mosquito trap and larval mosquito site locations along terrestrial transects and streams, as well as environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples taken at both field sites (the results for which will be included in a future release).

As part of a larger study looking at the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, adult and immature mosquito distributions and abundance was monitored at two altitudinal sites throughout the year. Study sites at Delta Camp (915 m asl) and Palikea Camp (1280 m asl) were visited twice during each three-month season from September 2022 to September 2023. At each study site, 15 BioGents (BG) Sentinel II traps (S), 15 BioGents Pro traps (P), 15 Center for Disease Control (CDC) Gravid traps (G), and 15 ovicups to monitor egg laying females (and collect egg rafts) were operated for 4-7 nights across a 1-kilometer square area. Concurrent with adults trapping, terrestrial and stream transects were surveyed for potential larval mosquito habitat and the presence and abundance of larval mosquitoes. This data file consists of spatial coordinates for all adult mosquito trap and larval mosquito site locations along terrestrial transects and streams, as well as environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples taken at both field sites (the results for which will be included in a future release).

As part of a larger study looking at the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, Culex quinquefasciatus egg rafts were collected to develop field techniques and determine differences in egg viability (percent hatch) in wild populations. Ovicups baited with a 5-day-old timothy hay infusion were co-located with Sentinel traps and operated for one week, twice during each sampling season at Kipahulu study sites Delta Camp (915 m asl) and Palikea Camp (1280 m asl) from 09 March 2023 to 20 September 2023.

This USGS data release consists of six data sets and accompanying metadata for a year-long study on the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, critical habitat for two endangered Maui endemic forest birds. Culex quinquefasciatus is the vector of the avian malaria Plasmodium relictum, a key limiting factor of endemic Hawaiian forest birds. The main components of the study included: (1) adult mosquito monitoring to document the altitudinal distribution, seasonal occurrence, relative abundance, and trapping efficacy of Culex quinquefasciatus (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui, 1 file); (2) stream surveys to determine the larval habitat availability and prevalence of larval mosquitoes (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui, 1 file), (3) characterization of larval habitat (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui, 1 file), (4) egg viability (hatching rate) in naturally occurring Culex quinquefasciatus populations (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui and Volcano, Island of Hawai'i, 2 files) and (5) the geographical coordinates for key localities in the study (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui and Volcano, Island of Hawai'i, 1 file). The study was conducted by U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center personnel in collaboration with National Park Service, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Haleakalā National Park and Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Studies were conducted in native forests on Maui and the Island of Hawai'i during 2022 and 2023.

This USGS data release consists of six data sets and accompanying metadata for a year-long study on the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, critical habitat for two endangered Maui endemic forest birds. Culex quinquefasciatus is the vector of the avian malaria Plasmodium relictum, a key limiting factor of endemic Hawaiian forest birds. The main components of the study included: (1) adult mosquito monitoring to document the altitudinal distribution, seasonal occurrence, relative abundance, and trapping efficacy of Culex quinquefasciatus (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui, 1 file); (2) stream surveys to determine the larval habitat availability and prevalence of larval mosquitoes (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui, 1 file), (3) characterization of larval habitat (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui, 1 file), (4) egg viability (hatching rate) in naturally occurring Culex quinquefasciatus populations (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui and Volcano, Island of Hawai'i, 2 files) and (5) the geographical coordinates for key localities in the study (Kīpahulu Valley, Maui and Volcano, Island of Hawai'i, 1 file). The study was conducted by U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center personnel in collaboration with National Park Service, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Haleakalā National Park and Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Studies were conducted in native forests on Maui and the Island of Hawai'i during 2022 and 2023.

As part of a larger study looking at the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, adult mosquito distribution and abundance was monitored at two altitudinal sites throughout the year. Study sites at Delta Camp (915 m asl) and Palikea Camp (1280 m asl) were visited twice during each three-month season from September 2022 to September 2023. At each study site, 15 BioGents (BG) Sentinel II traps (S), 15 BioGents Pro traps (P), and 15 Center for Disease Control (CDC) Gravid traps (G) were operated for 4-7 nights across a 1-kilometer square area. CO2 baited traps (S and P) were operated at 30 fixed transect stations located 100 meters apart and baited with CO2 and BG-Lure or CO2 alone, respectively. Gravid traps were co-located with P traps and baited with a 5-day-old timothy hay infusion. CO2 was released at a delivery rate of 250 ml/min. BioGents Pro traps were suspended in the tree canopy and configured like CDC miniature light traps but were not operated with lights. Acoustic lures (400 hertz) were briefly used with S traps in an attempt to enhance male Culex quinquefasciatus capture. All traps were operated from late afternoon to mid morning of the following day. Each morning captured mosquitoes were extracted from the traps, identified, sexed, enumerated, and preserved dry or in 100% molecular grade ethanol in batches of 1-10. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes japonicus adults were captured seasonally at both sites. No Aedes albopictus were captured. Only female mosquitoes were captured.

As part of a larger study looking at the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, adult mosquito distribution and abundance was monitored at two altitudinal sites throughout the year. Study sites at Delta Camp (915 m asl) and Palikea Camp (1280 m asl) were visited twice during each three-month season from September 2022 to September 2023. At each study site, 15 BioGents (BG) Sentinel II traps (S), 15 BioGents Pro traps (P), and 15 Center for Disease Control (CDC) Gravid traps (G) were operated for 4-7 nights across a 1-kilometer square area. CO2 baited traps (S and P) were operated at 30 fixed transect stations located 100 meters apart and baited with CO2 and BG-Lure or CO2 alone, respectively. Gravid traps were co-located with P traps and baited with a 5-day-old timothy hay infusion. CO2 was released at a delivery rate of 250 ml/min. BioGents Pro traps were suspended in the tree canopy and configured like CDC miniature light traps but were not operated with lights. Acoustic lures (400 hertz) were briefly used with S traps in an attempt to enhance male Culex quinquefasciatus capture. All traps were operated from late afternoon to mid morning of the following day. Each morning captured mosquitoes were extracted from the traps, identified, sexed, enumerated, and preserved dry or in 100% molecular grade ethanol in batches of 1-10. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes japonicus adults were captured seasonally at both sites. No Aedes albopictus were captured. Only female mosquitoes were captured.