This data release includes field parameters (pH and specific conductance), major ion geochemistry (B, Ba, Br, Cl, Ca, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Si, SO4, Sr), total dissolved solids, specific gravity, water isotopes (delta-2H and delta-18O), and radium isotopes (226Ra and 228Ra) from produced water samples taken from petroleum wells producing from the Niobrara Formation in the Denver-Julesburg Basin, Weld County, Colorado. Additionally, gas composition and stable isotopes (delta-13C-CO2, delta-13C-C1, and delta-D-C1) from these wells are included. Major ion geochemistry, total dissolved solids, specific gravity, water isotopes, and radium isotopes were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories in Reston, Virginia, USA. Gas compositions were analyzed by a commercial laboratory. The data release includes four files, including one metadata file and 3 comma-separated (CSV) files.

During hydrocarbon production, water is typically co-produced from the geologic formations producing oil and gas. Understanding the composition of these produced waters is important to help investigate the regional hydrogeology, the source of the water, the efficacy of water treatment and disposal plans, potential economic benefits of mineral commodities in the fluids, and the safety of potential sources of drinking or agricultural water. In addition to waters co-produced with hydrocarbons, geothermal development or exploration brings deep formation waters to the surface for possible sampling. This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Produced Waters Geochemical Database, which contains geochemical and other information for produced water and other deep formation water samples of the United States, is a provisional, updated version of the 2.3 USGS Produced Waters Database (Blondes and others, 2019).

During hydrocarbon production, water is typically co-produced from the geologic formations producing oil and gas. Understanding the composition of these produced waters is important to help investigate the regional hydrogeology, the source of the water, the efficacy of water treatment and disposal plans, potential economic benefits of mineral commodities in the fluids, and the safety of potential sources of drinking or agricultural water. In addition to waters co-produced with hydrocarbons, geothermal development or exploration brings deep formation waters to the surface for possible sampling. This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Produced Waters Geochemical Database, which contains geochemical and other information for produced water and other deep formation water samples of the United States, is a provisional, updated version of the 2.3 USGS Produced Waters Database (Blondes and others, 2019).

Update of rare earth element data from oil and gas reservoirs. These data include major, minor, trace and rare earth element concentration of geologic formations in Wyoming oil and gas fields.

Update of rare earth element data from oil and gas reservoirs. These data include major, minor, trace and rare earth element concentration of geologic formations in Wyoming oil and gas fields.

Surface water and groundwater radium activities, concentrations of various dissolved materials, and environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, and pH). Activities of 228Ra, 226Ra, 224Ra, and 223Ra, as well as 228Th are included in this dataset. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), ammonium (NH4), nitrate + nitrite, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), phosphate, chloride, sulfate, total dissolved iron, hydrogen sulfide, dissolved inorganic carbon, methane, and nitrous oxide are included. The radium data are stored in 4 .csv files, one for each study site. The other geochemical data are stored in 4 separate .csv files, again one for each study site.

Water and gas chemistry data from: Mariner, R.H., Presser, T.S., Evans, W.C., 1977. Chemical, Isotopic, and Gas Compositions of Selected Thermal Springs in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-654, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77654. Water chemistry data was digitized for 31 samples. Reported attributes include: Sample name, Type, Reported location, Location description, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Temperature, pH, Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Bromine (Br), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Cesium (Cs), Copper (Cu), Fluoride (F), Iron (Fe), Alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3), Mercury (Hg), Iodide (I), Potassium (K), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Sodium (Na), Ammonium (NH4), Nickel (Ni), Rubidium (Rb), Silica (SiO2), Sulfate (SO4), Zinc (Zn), Cations, Anions, Reported total dissolved solids, Salinity, Charge balance, Isotopic composition of hydrogen (Delta 2H), Isotopic composition of oxygen in water (Delta 18O H2O), Oxygen shift, Author comment, Digitizer comment. Gas chemistry data was digitized for 10 samples. Reported attributes include: Sample name, Type, Reported location, Location description, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Total gas, Oxygen and argon (O2 + Ar), Methane (CH4), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen (N2), Author comment, Digitizer comment. Data was digitized from Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. The following tables were not digitized: Table 5: States of reactions with respect to calcite, aragonite, chalcedony, alpha-cristobalite, and fluorite. Table 7: Estimated thermal aquifer temperatures. Table 8: Chemical potential for the formation of calcite from spring waters in Utah.

Water and gas chemistry data from: Mariner, R.H., Presser, T.S., Evans, W.C., 1977. Chemical, Isotopic, and Gas Compositions of Selected Thermal Springs in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-654, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77654. Water chemistry data was digitized for 31 samples. Reported attributes include: Sample name, Type, Reported location, Location description, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Temperature, pH, Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Bromine (Br), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Cesium (Cs), Copper (Cu), Fluoride (F), Iron (Fe), Alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3), Mercury (Hg), Iodide (I), Potassium (K), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Sodium (Na), Ammonium (NH4), Nickel (Ni), Rubidium (Rb), Silica (SiO2), Sulfate (SO4), Zinc (Zn), Cations, Anions, Reported total dissolved solids, Salinity, Charge balance, Isotopic composition of hydrogen (Delta 2H), Isotopic composition of oxygen in water (Delta 18O H2O), Oxygen shift, Author comment, Digitizer comment. Gas chemistry data was digitized for 10 samples. Reported attributes include: Sample name, Type, Reported location, Location description, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Total gas, Oxygen and argon (O2 + Ar), Methane (CH4), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen (N2), Author comment, Digitizer comment. Data was digitized from Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. The following tables were not digitized: Table 5: States of reactions with respect to calcite, aragonite, chalcedony, alpha-cristobalite, and fluorite. Table 7: Estimated thermal aquifer temperatures. Table 8: Chemical potential for the formation of calcite from spring waters in Utah.

During hydrocarbon production, water is typically co-produced from the geologic formations producing oil and gas. Understanding the composition of these produced waters is important to help investigate the regional hydrogeology, the source of the water, the efficacy of water treatment and disposal plans, potential economic benefits of mineral commodities in the fluids, and the safety of potential sources of drinking or agricultural water. In addition to waters co-produced with hydrocarbons, geothermal development or exploration brings deep formation waters to the surface for possible sampling. This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Produced Waters Geochemical Database, which contains geochemical and other information for 114,943 produced water and other deep formation water samples of the United States, is a provisional, updated version of the 2002 USGS Produced Waters Database (Breit and others, 2002). In addition to the major element data presented in the original, the new database contains trace elements, isotopes, and time-series data, as well as nearly 100,000 additional samples that provide greater spatial coverage from both conventional and unconventional reservoir types, including geothermal. The database is a compilation of 40 individual databases, publications, or reports. The database was created in a manner to facilitate addition of new data and correct any compilation errors, and is expected to be updated over time with new data as provided and needed. Table 1, USGSPWDBv2.3 Data Sources.csv, shows the abbreviated ID of each input database (IDDB), the number of samples from each, and its reference. Table 2, USGSPWDBv2.3 Data Dictionary.csv, defines the 190 variables contained in the database and their descriptions. The database variables are organized first with identification and location information, followed by well descriptions, dates, rock properties, physical properties of the water, and then chemistry. The chemistry is organized alphabetically by elemental symbol. Each element is followed by any associated compounds (e.g. H2S is found after S). After Zr, molecules containing carbon, organic 9 compounds and dissolved gases follow. Isotopic data are found at the end of the dataset, just before the culling parameters.

During hydrocarbon production, water is typically co-produced from the geologic formations producing oil and gas. Understanding the composition of these produced waters is important to help investigate the regional hydrogeology, the source of the water, the efficacy of water treatment and disposal plans, potential economic benefits of mineral commodities in the fluids, and the safety of potential sources of drinking or agricultural water. In addition to waters co-produced with hydrocarbons, geothermal development or exploration brings deep formation waters to the surface for possible sampling. This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Produced Waters Geochemical Database, which contains geochemical and other information for 114,943 produced water and other deep formation water samples of the United States, is a provisional, updated version of the 2002 USGS Produced Waters Database (Breit and others, 2002). In addition to the major element data presented in the original, the new database contains trace elements, isotopes, and time-series data, as well as nearly 100,000 additional samples that provide greater spatial coverage from both conventional and unconventional reservoir types, including geothermal. The database is a compilation of 40 individual databases, publications, or reports. The database was created in a manner to facilitate addition of new data and correct any compilation errors, and is expected to be updated over time with new data as provided and needed. Table 1, USGSPWDBv2.3 Data Sources.csv, shows the abbreviated ID of each input database (IDDB), the number of samples from each, and its reference. Table 2, USGSPWDBv2.3 Data Dictionary.csv, defines the 190 variables contained in the database and their descriptions. The database variables are organized first with identification and location information, followed by well descriptions, dates, rock properties, physical properties of the water, and then chemistry. The chemistry is organized alphabetically by elemental symbol. Each element is followed by any associated compounds (e.g. H2S is found after S). After Zr, molecules containing carbon, organic 9 compounds and dissolved gases follow. Isotopic data are found at the end of the dataset, just before the culling parameters.